جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Market Failure » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Some economists support the free market and list the advantages of the market such as high motivation, competition, and optimal resource allocation via price system, and the disadvantages such as inefficiency and corruption. Also, some economists support the government and express market failures and the necessity of government intervention. Using a descriptive-analytical method, the failures of the market and the state are explained and community is introduced as an institution that can be a complementary for the market and the state and in some cases it does not have their failure. There is a false duality in debates between the supporters of the  market and the state and the community as an economic organization has received less attention. This study investigates the importance of social groups (community) in promoting economic cooperation in situations that are instances of Prisoner’s Dilemma and are not self-interest in line with social efficiency. Considering social bonds in Iran and different types of active social groups in the public sector, this capacity should be paid more attention to and be used to promote economic coopetition.

Public Finance and Public Policy: Responsibilities and Limitations of Government” attempts to analyze the dimensions of public policy by using the findings of economics. The book by focusing on theoretical principles governing the behavior of economic agents, including models based on public choice theory, and without engaging in practical details, providing insight into public decision-making processes. The feature of this book is its reliance on some of the themes and models of “game theory”, “information economics”, “behavioral economics”, “social justice” and “political philosophy”.

This paper aims to draw on Alvin E. Roth’s analytical framework, the owner of Nobel Prize in economics in 2012 in order to design market and apply it. Research has shown that Roth begins with identifying the market failure and emphasizes that the market failure usually is a result of the institutional conditions such as "week market", "crowd" and "absence of safety in displaying preferences". Roth used matching algorithm and specially Gale-Shapley’s Algorithm to come over the market failure, and in the course of "try and error", he focuses on interaction with actors for adjusting the primary algorithm. so far, Roth and his colleagues have applied this theory to different markets such as "kidney exchange", "school selection-student acceptance", "market of physicians" and "market of economists".

Several factors in insurance contracts have led to a situation in which the interests of the insurance companies، as a party of the contract، are provided easily. Among these factors are the complex structure of insurance contract، its adhesive nature، and lack of adequate information and psychological problems in the insured. So using some legal strategies for correcting the unjust structure is inevitable. The law of insurance contracts، with an approach to protection of insurance consumers، is the most proper solution for restoring balance to insurance contracts. «The Principles of European Insurance Contract Law» may be one of the best examples، which could be adopted by other countries and covers a wide range of pre-contractual and contractual obligations of the parties. Using these principles in Iranian law of insurance contracts could guarantee numerous benefits for implementing commutative justice in insurance contracts. The article examines the most basic factors affecting contractual imbalance of insurance contracts and explains the principles of how to create balance and justice in these contracts.

Restrictive obstacles in various economic and social sectors are considered as a problem in growth and development of countries. Hence, deregulation is one of methods which have been important as a factor for removing barriers of economic development since recent decades.Deregulation may be implemented in such different sectors as administrative, management, executive, legal, and economic ones, but its main goal is to remove different barriers. Researches show that such countries as China have been able to have high growth rate by using deregulation. The five-year plans in Iran have considered deregulation as a policy for removing production obstacles. A look at the different five-year plans shows that there are many parts in which deregulation are considered. But that to what extent the different parts of the plans have been implemented is one important ambiguity in this regard. For example, the reliable data about the benefit obtained by getting out of garrisons as well as state organizations from urban areas are not available. Also, some articles of the plans have been repeatedly mentioned in the next plans, while they should be articulated in other distinct and complete laws if it was necessary to do so.