جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Soft War » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

Media diplomacy is one of the effective means of soft power in establishing stable and purposeful communications and interactions with other nations and in exerting influence on public opinion. Regarding the transnational objectives of the Islamic Revolution as stipulated in the Constitution and as found in the thought of the Grand Leaders (Imams) of the Revolution, media diplomacy, as far as its positive dimension is concerned, can play an important role in explaining Islamic values and delivering the message of the Revolution through persuasive discourse and image management among foreign audiences, especially among the Islamic societies. As far as the negative dimension is concerned, in the face of the news invasion, smearing and negative propaganda levelled by the enemies against Islam, the Revolution and Iran, it can raise awareness and enlightenment by taking an active strategy in the field of network and discourse analyses. Also, it can exert crucial influence over the positive perception of the people of other countries as to the identity and position of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In answering the main question, “With emphasis on the views of the Supreme Leader, what are the dimensions and areas of media diplomacy?” this article seeks to examine this assumption that the position of Supreme Leader, as one of the main motives within the theoretical framework of the movement model, is of a crucial role in providing insightful, valuable and factual solutions for the expansion of soft power and soft war management in the fields of thinking, creating new trends, networking, and modeling.

Problem statement: 

In today's era, media and especially social networks, by influencing the triple layers of belief, value and behavior, play a very important role in engineering people's thoughts and political behaviors in elections. In this article, with an emphasis on the 13th presidential election of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the role of the opposition media in engineering public opinion and strategies to counter it in line with the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran have been researched.

The current research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of nature, type of data and methodological approach of qualitative studies based on thematic analysis. data collection tool, use of sampling method; It is purposeful and based on theoretical saturation. Theme analysis technique was used to analyze the data obtained from the conducted interviews.

opposition and counter-revolutionary groups, using methods and methods such as: formation of think tanks and situation analysis tables; focus on disqualifying candidates; creating a crisis and creating a bipolar atmosphere in society; Launching various campaigns, exploiting economic problems, creating rumors, inducing despair and hopelessness, highlighting the role of leadership in the elections, were used to influence and engineer the public opinion of the Iranian society in the 1400 presidential election.The soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran in dealing with these actions includes: the role of the Supreme Leader in guiding public opinion, strengthening the revolutionary flow in social networks, increasing public trust in mass media, etc.

Explanation Jihadis one of the most important demands of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution, which he has emphasized many times and at various times to deal with any deviation and distortion in the discourse and values of the Islamic Revolution. In the present study, an attempt was made to draw a model for the recognition of explanation Jihad based on his intellectual system and with two qualitative and quantitative approaches. The statistical population in the qualitative stage where the database method was used, 30cultural experts and professors of universities in Ardabil province, who were selected by the chain reference method (snowball), and after theoretical saturation in the interview, the coding process was done. In the quantitative part, based on Morgan's table, 169cultural managers of the province were studied. After the coding process and using MaxQDA, the data sets were categorized into 86open codes, 77concepts, 15categories and 6classes (causal conditions, intervening conditions, contextual conditions, central categories, strategies and consequences). Based on the research results and the output of Smatr PLS, the indicators of the formation of the Iranian-Islamic identity of the people, industrial constructions, synchronization and alignment and the fit of form and content, free space and criticism and correction, explanation for the general public and all strata and industrial development index as The most important indicators of the model for the recognition of jihad explanation were identified. 

  In recent years, passive defense has become a widespread concept in our country and covers almost all areas of people's social life. One of the new functions of passive defense is people-oriented passive defense, It is that its main mission in the first place is to protect the cohesion between the people and the government and in the next place is the continuation of necessary activities. The purpose of this research is to provide a strategic model of people-centered passive defense against the enemy's soft war. The current research was done with a qualitative approach and with the Foundation's data method. Data collection in this research was done by field and library methods and by using the tools of interview, observation, specialized round table and documents. The statistical population of this research reached theoretical saturation after interviewing 12 people with opinions. To analyze the resulting data, coding was done in three stages. In open coding, 196 units of analysis (paragraphs) were selected and after conceptualization, 115 indicators were extracted, and after merging, transforming and changing similar or close factors, 45 focal indicators were determined and listed. In the course of axial coding by categorizing indicators related to each other, the number of 12 components was obtained and after selective coding, five dimensions were determined for the people-centered passive defense model. At the end, by setting up a questionnaire, the dimensions and components of the people-centered passive defense model against the enemy's soft war were voted and evaluated among the sample research community and analyzed using SPSS software, which were all confirmed by obtaining the appropriate score

The widespread penetration of virtual space and internet tools created a dynamic and mobile lifestyle in the lives of modern people. According to these developments, different levels and dimensions of social-political governance of governments, communication networking and interactions of citizens were noticeably and secretly affected. This has created opportunities and threats for the progress of governments, citizens, strata, classes and mutual relations between them.ideological, civilizational battle and the model of governance with the domination system at the world level. In this direction, in the continuation of soft battles with the aim of continuing street riots and riots in virtual and satellite space, combined measures such as (mass mobilization of protestors, unity of oppositions and opponents, ethnic-religious separatism, inciting emotions and instrumental use of some environmental problems and dilemmas) and economic and...) have been used against the achievements of the revolution. In this research, an attempt was made to answer the main question of how social networks played a role in the riots of November 1998 in Iran, using the qualitative method and using the conceptual model of soft war and cognitive battle. The findings of the research with the analysis of internet sources, confessions of some neglected ones and the talks of related experts as well as the use of document-library sources indicated that the membership of the majority of the country's young population in virtual networks and non-native platforms is the right ground for the deep advancement of soft war and hybrid tactics.

Psychological warfare is the systematic and precise use of propaganda and other means to influence the thoughts and behaviors of different groups of allies and adversaries to achieve objectives. With the onset of the imposed war, the Western media empire and its regional proxies made extensive efforts to conduct psychological warfare to affect the Iranian people and government. Imam Khomeini (May God bless his soul) delivered various speeches and messages to counteract the enemy’s psychological warfare and also to inform the Iraqi military and people, which can be named as psychological warfare strategies. Accordingly, this research aims to examine and elucidate “psychological warfare in the Sacred Defense” from Imam Khomeini’s (May God bless his soul) perspective. The research method is a mixed (qualitative and quantitative) content analysis method and Imam Khomeini’s Sahifeh (May God bless his soul) text during the Sacred Defense was studied with two approaches of analogy and induction. In this framework, 9 concepts related to the component of “psychological warfare in Sacred Defense” were extracted and their frequency status and also their change trend were investigated. In addition, based on the process of “coding and categorization”, the most important psychological warfare strategies were calculated. The findings of the research indicate that three concepts of “interpreting the imposed war as a symbol of the struggle between truth and falsehood; explaining war as a Sacred Defense and enlightening about propaganda and false claims of Iraq’s Ba’athist regime and its allies” had the highest frequency. Also, content analysis of Imam Khomeini’s (May God bless his soul) statements shows that he had three specific strategies in mind, including “presenting a dualism of Islam and disbelief, confronting the enemy’s psychological war (distortion, doubt and discord) and ultimately enlightening and inviting Iraqi military and people”.

Cultural diplomacy is one of the branches of diplomacy in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This branch of diplomacy has been very important because of the importance of soft power in the post-Cold War era. After the victory of the Islamic Revolution, foreign policy decision makers have emphasized on changing the soft regional and global order by using soft power tools and cultural and public diplomacy. The Supreme Leader has a high position in the speech and behavior system of foreign policy due to his high influence weight and decisive role in the foreign policy directions. His point of view in relation to one of the most important branches of foreign diplomacy, which is cultural diplomacy in this text, is of great research importance. The question of the upcoming research is, what is the Supreme Leader's point of view regarding cultural diplomacy? The hypothesis of the present research to answer the mentioned question is that the opinion of the Supreme Leader in relation to cultural diplomacy can be summarized in three categories: positive, negative and learning. The research method of the upcoming article is descriptive-explanatory and the method of collecting library and documentary materials.​

The transformation in the nature of power has also led to the transformation in the nature of wars; If the hard war is realized by occupying the land, weakening or subverting a political system by using military tools, the soft war by affecting the perceptions, cognitive system, beliefs and values of a nation, challenges the thought and model of the country's administration. Media techniques are among the most important methods used in soft war; through narration, the media shape the minds of the audience or change their cognitive system and replace them with new beliefs and values and in this way direct their individual and social behaviors and actions. In this article, we seek to find an answer to the question that in the media examined in this research, that is; The Farsi section of the BBC News Network, the Persian section of Radio Free Europe known as Radio Farda, and the Farsi section of the Voice of America - what image of the relationship between ethnic groups and the political structure do they reflect? the method of collecting information based on library study and searching on the news network sites; BBC, Radio Farda and Voice of America in a ten-year period 1391-1401. Quantitative and qualitative content analysis methods have been used to analyze the content. It seems that the plan of systematic discrimination is the most important agenda of the investigated media, so that it is possible to deepen the gaps and turn differences and distinctions into conflicts.

The pervasiveness of cyberspace among different sections of society has led to various harms and errors. Part of this damage is one of the goals of the arrogant system in launching soft war and its expansion in cyberspace, which has been able to play a role in more frequency with a more influential, more effective, accelerator. This article aims to interpret the coordinates of cyberspace to have the capacity to act in the goals of the Islamic Revolution with the approach of the Supreme Leader of the Islamic Revolution that the two categories of cyberspace and jihad can complement each other as a weapon in soft warfare. Accordingly, with a descriptive-analytical method that seeks to describe the current state of the problem or phenomenon, its features and attributes are studied, and by describing a product in detail, further cognition is done without any intervention or mental inference. Findings indicate that addressing the jihad of explanation can be in order to prevent and eliminate the individual and social contexts of pollution and damage from various aspects in cyberspace in order to achieve virtual governance and can be used as a software aspect of this space as Behrooz used one of various tools in this direction. It is necessary; Explaining the weapon of jihad as one of the protective measures aimed at preventing, warning, informing; In the face of the rampant cyberspace that threatened individual and social interests, he took advantage of the search for the well-being of society.

The present article seeks to explain the relationship between soft warfare and cultural security in the Islamic Republic of Iran. The author's main question is sometimes how soft warfare plays a role in undermining cultural security. Acculturalization, dissemination and imposition of lifestyle, alienation and incitement of generational gaps using media tools help to transform cultural security Findings show that based on the theoretical framework presented in this article, cultural security is the product of adaptation It is between the three levels of elites, the people and the government, and the incompatibility and lack of planning between these three levels is the source of cultural insecurity and epistemological instability. Strengthening the elites, including religious, political and cultural elites, play an important role in deepening the forms of values and beliefs and turning them into behavioral symbols, shaping the mentality and behavior of the people of the society in providing cultural security.

Explanation Jihad is a term that Imam Khamenei(Madazaleh Al-Ali) put forward to deal with the soft war against the Islamic Republic of Iran. The jihad of explanation means the correct expression of facts, guiding minds, answering questions and ambiguities, which have been injected into the Islamic society by the enemy and created a dusty atmosphere on the ruling society. In the meantime, what is emphasized is the role of elites, especially students, in this field of struggle. In this regard, the present research was conducted with the aim of investigating the strategic mission of students in the Jihad of explanation. The current research is among the combined researches. The statistical population of this research is the collection of Imam Khamenei's statements from the beginning of his leadership period from 1368 to 1401, which were analyzed using the qualitative content analysis method. The reliability of the data was checked and confirmed using the Holsti method and the validity of the data using(CVI) and(CVR). The findings of the research showed that in order to achieve success in Jihad, it is necessary to explain the prerequisites and requirements. which were counted and identified in 4 categories of Jihadi management and work, ethical conduct, stewardship and cultivation and self-improvement. Also, based on the findings of the research, the mission of the students was identified and categorized in 5 categories of insight, transformation, hope creation, transformation and awareness.

Today, the influence of media has spread in all aspects of life and it is difficult to imagine a world without media and news. In addition to useful and positive effects such as public monitoring, awareness and information and dealing with economic corruption, the media can also become a threat against the society in some cases. During soft and non-hard wars, the media plays the main role. In various ways, the media can shape the mental atmosphere of the target groups in the direction of the goals and demands of the enemies, and in this case, a media war is formed. Therefore, it is necessary to manage media threats and deal with such a war. Considering that such a war cannot be dealt with in a hard way, therefore, soft techniques should be used. Cultural criminology is one of the branches of critical criminology that deals with the importance of the media's role in society and suggests cultural solutions. Based on this, the present article examines the strategies for managing media threats and comes to the conclusion that increasing media literacy among managers, media clarification efforts and the production of measured content and media insight are among the strategies to deal with the media war. Domestic media should do all they can to represent the facts and expose against the western world.

Cultural and educational system is an orderly and organized set of standard cultural and educational meanings, concepts and ideas that follow a systematic order. The present study analyses the challenges on the way of of the effectiveness of AJA cultural and educational system. To this end, challenges confronting AJA cultural and educational system were identified and categorized in different fields namely social, cultural, religious, ideological, educational and training, management and structure, economic and psychological challenges. Survey method was applied and sample population was all employees working in 17 selected Payvar units, as well as Educational and Cultural experts of AJA. The results show that the educational and cultural system with regard to ideological army indices such obedience to Vali Faqih, courage and sovereignty, devotion and sacrifice, protection of the country, discipline, Jihadist mentality, faithfulness and commitment, professionality and effectiveness, coherence and integrity, insightfuleness and potency in soft war suffers from relative weakness. Finally, a model of ideal cultural and educational sytem for AJA and strategies to achieve it are proposed.

This article examines the use of soft power and its tools, such as the media, through freedom of information against state sovereignty. In this process, we see the use of new media tools and the creation of soft wars by some powerful countries against the sovereignty of other governments. In the present age, when technology and information technology have a special status and power, international communities are not expected to be safe from information entering their country from outside geographical borders. In this regard, countries with the power of media and up-to-date technologies in the field of information technology in order to achieve their goals have planned a soft war within the target communities. Therefore, in the present descriptive-analytical study, with the aim of explaining the different dimensions of soft power and media tools, the application of soft war against the sovereignty of states has been investigated by "library" and "documentary" methods. The results show that the cultural, ideological and moral borders of a country are respected as much as their geographical borders and territorial integrity, and obtaining the consent of countries to enter their non-geographical borders is irreplaceable and The transfer of information into a country without the permission and consent of that country is described as a violation of sovereignty and territorial integrity.

Innovation in advertising methods and tools proportionate to the artificial intelligence and digital age is among the most effective components in understanding the nature of advertising in the wars to come. The knowledge of war advertisement policymakers regarding delicacies and complexities of advertisement, especially in times of crisis such as war, is crucially important in developing and choosing policies. Our main question is how to develop a process model (multiple movements) of advertisement policy during the war such that the advertisement activities could lay the foundation, be efficient and effective, plus prevent scattered work and dispersion in execution, as well as imposing unnecessary expenses upon the country with emphasis and view of the future. This research seeks to obtain a process model (multi-flow) of advertisement policy in the Islamic Republic of Iran in case of war. It aims at illustrating the efficiency and effectiveness of the advertisement activities of the organizations and institutions in charge of advertising in the county and identifying and introducing the influential promoting and hampering factors in case of future probable wars. Research assumption proposes the policy model of multiple movements and points out the necessity of establishing a specialized organization to plan war advertisements in the future modern wars. This study is carried out based on a content analysis study model that assesses the related contexts and documents and analyzes their content. This study concluded that it is necessary to establish a specialized organization to plan war advertisements for future modern wars.

By examining the nature of acts, John Searle suggests classifying speech acts into five categories: representatives, directives, commissives, expressive, and declarations. (Problem) The current paper, using the method of theoretical study and considering Searle's classification, has a new look at the solutions of the Quran in facing the threats of the soft war. The speech act used in the Quran in facing the threats of soft war has been investigated as a descriptive-analytical method to answer the following questions. What are the solutions of the Quran for dealing with the threats of soft war? (Method) And which of the acts mentioned in the Quran has been used the most in this area? The findings indicate that regarding the threats of soft war, directive and representative actions have been repeated the most; God's purpose is to represent the enemies' threats regarding soft war and encourage the servants to fight and confront such threats. (Findings) Therefore, He uses directive and representative acts plainly and indirectly to impact the audience's soul and heart profoundly. (Results)

Culture is one of the connecting factors of individuals and therefore, addressing cultural security is somehow related to all members of society. In the category of cultural security, one should pay attention to its harms (in a negative way) as well as its positive effects for establishing and promoting security in society. Addressing this issue itself can help to open up fundamental issues in the field of comprehensive security, both in practice and in opinion. This issue has been one of the important concerns of Ayatollah Khamenei in recent years, and in this study, according to his statements, the question will be discussed: what are the obstacles and strategies to ensure the cultural security of the Islamic Republic in Ayatollah Khamenei's thought? The method of this research is "Laclau and Moff's discourse analysis. Its most important findings are: Ayatollah Khamenei considers cultural security threats as "de-Islamization", "emptying the revolution from within", "corrupting the youth and spreading corruption in the Western way of life" and "the inefficiency of some cultural executives". On the other hand, by providing strategies that identify the areas of their discourse, providing soft security in the field of culture is "promoting religious culture and teaching moral virtues", "having authority and strengthening the country in the cultural field", "providing Iranian-Islamic lifestyle" and They know "efficient jihadi management, correct implementation of laws and drawing a cultural engineering plan".

One of the tools of producing advertising content in various fields is metaphor. Nowadays due to the progress of advertising through visual media, application of pictorial metaphor has become extensively important and worthwhile in conveying the ideological content. The aim of the present study is to analyze and interpret the Pictorial, Verbo-pictorial metaphors and other conceptual domains in Persian anti-cold war posters within the framework of Forceville (1996). This research is qualitative and its method is descriptive-analytical. The present study also seeks to answer these questions: 1. What kind of conceptual metaphors are used in posters against cold war to convey concepts? 2. What are the conceptual domains of the metaphors used in anti-soft war posters? 3. What concepts of origin are written in the target domain of the metaphors used in the anti-soft war posters? Moreover, this study is to divulge other cognitive tools. In this regard, out of the available pictures and posters, ten of them have been selected at random. The result of different tools has been used by the designers of the posters and pictures. These cognitive tools include conceptual metaphor, conceptual metonymies, blending, the use of colors symbolically, and mixed and static metaphor. In mono-modal metaphorical pictures and posters, images have been able to convey the concept of coping with soft war independently and in multimodal metaphorical pictures and posters words merge into images and provide the intended concept to the audience.

Soft war is one of the largest and most sophisticated strategies of America and its Western allies for political change in the Islamic Republic of Iran. Supreme leader of revolution in the last two decades have introduced the soft war as the strategy of the enemy against the Islamic Republic. In this field, in order to better understand the society and elites, he has presented and well spoken explanation the soft with different literature. His Holiness met with a large gathering of Basij in 1388, said: soft war is a war by cultural and advanced sophisticated means. Also during the meeting with the families of the martyrs of Kurdistan in 1388 said: Soft War is the invasion to the boundaries of faith, belief and culture. Leader of the Islamic Revolution after the events of the tenth presidential election spoke about the enemies 'soft war against the Islamic Republic which has been happened and declared that country's current priorities should be to deal with the enemies' soft war. In soft war, enemy use the soft power, by means of cultural and mass media and try to achieve its goals. In order to confront the soft war there should be soft power, which is one of the main mechanisms to promote the culture of sacrifice and martyrdom in the society. This culture must diligently considered in cultural, social and economic planning, until the public space of our society be ready to accept the best and most effective high culture.