جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « international Society » در نشریات گروه « علوم سیاسی »

The Study of Conceptual and Theoretical Framework of Social Capital in International Relation Abstract Social capital is one of the new Found Concepts In Inter discipline studies the it has Consider also international relations studies under of "international social Capital that . Immaturity emerged and of the in the conceptual and resulting from the complexity and neglect in the conceptual and theoretical development has caused its that have a real station yet. for this reason the preliminary and passing Consider of some researcher with international social capital, with respect the background that has been domestic, the mentioned idea to be a strange debates in international relations and a rule that is inconsistent and lacks conceptual and theoretical aford ability it seems. The purpose of this article is promate clear up the conceptual and theoretical dibit of this component in theoretical studies of international relations. This research has been done by using the analytical- describptivea Method and also using library Resources, and this is the question this article: What is the theoretical and conceptual basis of international social capital in discourse of international relations? The results show that, social capital is a metaphorical gem which according to the ratio and scope of new concepts of international relations with consept abstract and metaphorical concepts international social capital is also developed and conceptually and theoretically be descripted explained by relying on the metaphorical structures of the origin field,there is a conceptual and theoretical. 

One of thoroughly-welcomed concepts in the literature of international relations and regional studies is the regional security community, refering to a group composed of sovereign states in a wide geographic area, in which war among them is eliminated. Thus, different regions can be considered in one of two situations of either formation or lack of it, meaning that in some regions such as Western Europe and North America, a regional security community has been formed, while in some other regions such as South Asia and West Asia and North Africa, it has not been formed, and there is no clear prospect of its formation in the future - at least in the short term. Theoretical question seems to be asked: "Why does a regional security community form in some regions and does not it emerge in some other regions?" collecting data in the library method and searching the Internet for relevant basic texts in the literature of regional studies and international relations, and using qualitative content analysis, this article provides an appropriare explanatory mode. In doing so, finding is that the functioning of the institutions of the global international society affects the regional level in such a way that it causes a regional security community to form in some areas and not in some areas.

Intellectual property is one of the branches of international law that has quickly established its place in international law issues. But the way of looking at this issue is not the same among activists; Therefore, it is necessary to address it. Considering this issue, the aim of the upcoming article is to examine the international requirements of intellectual property in the international community and its function in the laws of Iran and the United States of America. The main question is set as follows: What are the international requirements of intellectual property in the international community and how can its function be evaluated in the laws of Iran and the United States of America? The approach to answering this question is descriptive-analytical. The method of collecting information and data is library, internet and documents. The findings of the research show that in the American intellectual property rights system, due to its nature and economic analysis, it is instrumentalist, and on the other hand, Iran's legal system, whether at the stage of granting the right or after, has a duty-oriented view in line with traditionalism.

In the common view, which is influenced by the theory of realism, international law is merely a modern tool in the service of the great powers to legitimize their access to their goals and is respected until being beneficial for the national interest. In fact, interfering politics and selfish interests are hidden behind the beautiful and deceptive mask of international law. On the other hand, the solidarism approach of English school, without denying the crucial role of state sovereignty, focuses on the formation of a global consensus on norms of international law and fading away the border between internal and international society and as one of the theoretical bases of good governance paradigm, encourages states to regard the standards of democratic governance by emphasizing on the norms of international human rights. The question of this article is: “Has English school approach towards international law been able to improve human rights and good governance standards?” The question is responded by the documentary method of collecting data through books, articles, websites and internet sources. we reached to this conclusion that even though the international legal system consists of horizontal rules and is based on the co-operation of the subjects, However, governments build the international community according to these common rules and norms, and by limiting themselves to complying with these rules, they consider violations of human rights standards and governance standards unauthorized and are not willing to abandon them easily in order to maintain their international credibility and legitimacy.

In the absence of a legitimate central authority or universal sovereignty, the international community of states has faced challenges in overcoming the benefits of the seas as a territory for the expansion of international trade, including the challenge of maritime crime, in order to overcome these challenges. Governments have adopted efforts, policies and mechanisms, In this regard, in this study with the aim of "explaining, explaining, analyzing the legislative criminal policy of piracy in domestic and international rules based on scientific findings, valid documents and new ideas in legislative policies" and in a descriptive-analytical method and using From various library sources and texts and documents and legal ideas, the following results have been obtained: The rules and regulations of the international community, despite the criminalization of piracy, have been ineffective not only in terms of regulation but also in terms of regime-building and implementation due to conflicts of interest and difficulties in defining piracy crimes.

Even if the theories of international relations (IR) do not explicitly address international law (IL), they are implicitly linked to it which is reflected in utilizing different approaches, language and terminology to international law including norms, institutions and regimes. Meanwhile, the International Society Approach (English school) has more capacities in connecting the two disciplines of IL and IR. Therefore, the main question of this study is: “What is the the most important reason behind the success of International Society Approach in the transplantation of IR with IL?” The hypothesis that the present essay seeks to test is that “The most important reason for the success of the International Society Approach in establishing compatibility between IL and IR is to adopt a middle position between realism with the emphasis on IR and idealism, as well as its focus on the concept of the International Society as an objective representation of applying normative issues of interest of IL in the area of IR”. This study utilizes descriptive-analytical methods, deductive methodology and interdisciplinary approach. The findings of this research confirm its hypothesis.

Relations between Iran and Saudi Arabia as two effective and powerful countries in the Middle East has had ups and downs from close cooperation with each other to cutting of diplomatic ties in years after the Islamic Revolution in Iran. In this research, investigating the existing literature on Iran and Saudi Arabia relations, has been used “International Social Capital” as a new theoretical framework to understand and explain reasons of fluctuation in relations between the countries. The main question is, what impact has had international social capital on Iran and Saudi Arabia relations in the years after the Islamic Revolution in Iran? In order to response the question, reviewing and analyzing primary and secondary sources, it is tried to understand conceptual and theoretical foundations of the framework first, then will be measured the scale of international social capital of the countries based on the quantitative data, and finally will be focused on the impact of international social capital dimensions on relations between the countries. Results show that to what extend correlation between international social capital on one hand and Iran and Saudi Arabia relationships on the other hand is meaningful.

Considering that structure shape behavior of social and political players including states, therefore, normative structures (such as culture, language, religion, discourse and etc which are both cognitive and value-based) are as very important as material ones. European Union, as one of most coherent unions of world both politically and economically, has taken great strides in order to reach cooperation and integration. Though the union has initiated new explanation and concept for cooperation and integration of states in the literature of International Relations, we need to study the position of the union as the important factor in international society with further reflection. Accordingly, this article is to study the role of European Union in shaping international norms.

English school approach or theory of the international society due to its simultaneous emphasize on the issues of power and politics and on international the rights norms is one of the combinational approaches regarding international relations. This approach does not rely on describing the international system and provide moral and normative guidelines to regulate relations between states. In this field of research, two political and legal approaches of realism and idealism have been combined with each other to provide an appropriate analysis of what is happening in the international politics. What is important for English school theorists is lack of inclination towards one of these approaches. In order to preserve the integrity and independence of the two main streams that eventually, English school theorists were divided into two groups, pluralistic and Solidarism. This research is a fundamental one and method used in it was a eplanatory approach.

States in international society, like people in domestic societies, have various social positions which render different levels of power, security and welfare. In this article, after the introduction of the concept of “international social capital”, different aspects of this capital i.e. trust, participation and social networks of the states in the international arena are discussed. Meanwhile, the necessity of paying attention to normative trust besides the strategic one, to real participation as opposed to the nominal one, and to the centrality of states in international social networks is emphasized.

Realism and English School from the main schools in international relation history and maintained their place in international relation study. in attendance to role of theories in understanding of international phenomenones, it is necessary to have a complete and precise view about them. So in this article first we have some explain about Realism and English School then four concept "Int. system", "balance of power", "Int. law", "Int. institutions", are choicen because of their significance in Int. relations study. Then the viewpoint and definition of both theory about concepts are analyzing and their accordance are evaluate. In the result of this comparison, compatibility of two schools is evaluated and analyzed. The out comes of this research shows that two schools have a similar point to four concepts. So against of current viewpoint about English School as a viamedia, this school both in goal and basis is more similar to Realism.

Since the commencement of theorization in International Relations as a university branch of science, the primary ontological issue pertaining to the theory of international relations has been how to argue about its area of scholarship, referred to as "International Society" in the English School. In this framework, given its significance as well as ambiguities prevailing among IR scholars, the current study primarily tries to recognize the place of this concept within the English School. Then the article seeks to explore its critiques. In the third section, international system/society distinction will be critically explained. Based on the mentioned critiques, it follows that "International Society" is a deeply Europe-centric notion requiring its de-Europeanization, which may provide IR scholars with a historical genealogy, critically reflecting the expansion of international society, and a theoretical investigation on its future, dealing with the possibility of its transformation. Finally, it will be argued that, on the balance, these two investigating pivots may lead to the reconstruction of the concept of "International Society".

International Law,as Professor Herbert Hart has mentioned, has two kinds of regulations: first regulations (convention Law ) and second regulations (Responsibility Law ). Usually in international society,the second regulation complicates the enforcement of international law. While in legal issues, if the enforcement of first regulation is unimportant for some governments, or between two or more governments overa dispute when the first regulation exists but is not enough for settlement and the parties do not want to conclude new conventions for the dispute, enforcement of international responsibility (second regulation) will be hard. The dispute between Palestine and Israel is exactly as such.Sinceneither conventions are between them, they wouldnot recognize and enforce themfor their dispute,andIsrael’s responsibility is not recognizedeffectively by the United Nations, Security Council, International Court of Justice, and etc. In this research, we will explainthat the dispute between Israel and Palestine falls in what exact category of international law, and will also analyzethe paths through which the international society actors enforce the international law.

Although the discipline of IL is hundreds of years old , the academic field of IR is of much more recent vintage .After The first world war , the disciplines of IR and IL overlapped substantially . But with the occurrence of the World War II the era of disciplinary convergence ended .Many realists believed in an anarchical world, international agreements could not meaningfully constrain state actions. These tendencies were reinforced by a structural realist literature that viewed international outcomes as a product of the distribution of capabilities and power across states. By the early 1980’s liberalism had emerged as a coherent theory of IR. Liberalism claims that the configuration of independent state determines state behavior. Since the end of the cold war, constructivism has emerged as a significant approach to bridging two fields. However its sophisticated understanding of norms makes possible a sociologically rich and historically grounded understanding of international law. The focus of this article is on the analysis potentiality of IR theories, i.e., English school, Realism, Liberalism and Constructivism for more interactions and convergence of IR and IL .Our study demonstrates the degree of convergence is greater between IL and IR than other areas.

The relationship between social capital and internal security has been shown in different studies. But is there a relationship between social capital and international security? To find the answer we dealt with two paths. The first, borrowing the concept of International Society examines the existence of social capital in this “society”. The role of trust and norms in international society in increasing cooperation and decreasing military conflicts is a manifestation of the impact of social capital on international security. The second path studies the role of social capital in international security through an intermediate variable; economic development. What has been shown here is a direct (but not necessarily linear) relationship between social capital and economic development on one hand and between economic development and International security on the other.

This study is based on speedy growth and development in china. Authors believe that the priority of national economy and avoiding both any conflict in the region and international challenges and confronting the United States paved the way for economic development in china. Patterns for development in china one is totally different from other countries. As they have benefited from militarism, land expanding and authority when in power. This work will prove the continuous of this development which is based on the relations with America, Japan and international society. Although the necessities of being a super power make Chinese to intervene in international challenges and being far from conservative policy. It is what they have been prohibited regarding to their policies.

During this present decade, the concept of "fragile states" has become very important in the international politics. Also, human security has entered the literature of this field from the last decade of the twentieth century. This assay tries to investigate the fragile state's effect on human security. So, it has discussed fragile states, factors determining fragility, and the formation of this kind of states. Fragile states intensify human security crisis because of their inability in providing public services and performing their prevalent governmental role in security and development fields.In addition, this piece of writing investigates the necessity of a change in present approaches to the security and emphasis the role of national state, paying attention to the protect responsibility, and the role of international society in dealing with the fragile states problem.