جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « برنامه های توسعه » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The purpose of the present study was the interpretative structural modeling of factors affecting the development of women's employability capacity with emphasis on the seventh development plan. This study was conducted based on the practical objective and with a qualitative and quantitative approach in the inductive-deductive paradigm. Identifying the effective factors on the development of women's employability capacity was done through semi-structured interviews based on theoretical saturation with 23 experts in the field of policy making, entrepreneurship and management. The validity and reliability of the interviews were confirmed by the method of relative content validity and Cohen's kappa index, respectively. In order to model the effective factors on the development of women's employability capacity, the opinions of 73 experts, managers and entrepreneurs who are familiar with the subject of the research were used with the help of a questionnaire. Validity and reliability of the questionnaire were confirmed using content validity and test-post-test method. Coding of interviews using Maxqda 2020 software led to the identification of 34 factors affecting the development of women's employability capacity with emphasis on the seventh development plan. Modeling of the identified factors with interpretative structural method led to the formation of thirteen levels, which support policies,

The purpose of this article was to analyze the discourse of social development during the periods of the Islamic parliament. For this purpose, the text of the negotiations related to social development in the first to ninth periods of the Islamic parliament with emphasis on the negotiations related to the first to fifth development programs and using the"theoretical" sampling method as the target community, has been the basis of analysis. The findings of the research indicate that in the first and second periods of the parliament, due to the war conditions in the country, the focus was on the distribution and meeting the essential needs of the members of the society, and everything that was connected with development in the sense of economic-social growth, they were considered abnormal and were removed from the verbal and practical literature of development. In the third parliament, due to the dominance of the "economic adjustment"discourse, we witnessed a"one-dimensional approach to development" with the priority of economic development and marginalization of other aspects of development, including social development. In the fourth parliament, the discourse of "sustainable growth and development" became the ruler in the 5th and 6th parliaments, the discourse of "sustainable development" and in the 6th and 7th parliaments, the discourse of "local social development" And finally, in the 8th and 9th parliaments, the discourse of "progress and justice" has dominated the discourse.This approach has indicated a kind of break and non-continuity of the comprehensive discourse of social development in different periods of the Islamic parliament.

Five-year development plans determine the path of growth and development of our country in economic, social and cultural dimensions. These programs are compiled based on the constitution, the country's 20-year vision document and general policies announced by the Supreme Leader. Due to the important and valuable position of women in society, in all programs, there are provisions dedicated to women's issues in all cultural, social and economic dimensions. Although some of these provisions are useful, they are not enough for this area. The Seventh Development Plan Bill is not an exception to this rule and, despite the good points raised in it, it also faces shortcomings. In this article, the method of categorical content analysis has been used, and the previous development programs have been reviewed, and it has been tried to analyze the materials and clauses mentioned in chapter 16 of the seventh development program, which is dedicated to women, family and the population. To improve and complete the mentioned materials, provide tips, criticisms and suggestions. In this program, we have positive and better points regarding the status of women and family than in previous development programs, still the general evaluation of the proposed rulings in the field of women, family and the young people of the population shows the lack of comprehensiveness in problem analysis and the lack of discourse consensus in it has the field of women and family. So, it has been tried to provide corrective rulings in accordance with each section and the identified challenges

Because of their importance in the economic and social development of societies, science and technology policies have become one of the most important arenas of discourse conflict. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of analyzing the discourse of the sixth program based on Laclau and Mouffe's approach. The studied society was all the legal articles and notes related to science and technology in the law of the sixth development plan, which were studied in full. The findings show that the central signifier of this document is "purposeful scientific innovation". It has built its symbols based on three signs: "Efficiency and modernity, privatization/popularization and knowledge-based economy". The floating sign has shown itself in the form of "collaboration and scientific participation" and "competitive performance". The null signs are "Employment", "Scientific modernization and improvement" and "Scientific productivity" which are associated with interruptions and moments of "People building", "Educational modernization and improvement" and "Islamic culture and values". The discourse area of this program is "state-centered, external dependence, reduction of deprivation and scientific neutrality" which "culture-centered/landscape-centered" discourse with its hegemonic position has marginalized conflicts and consolidated the space for its own discourse maneuver. The results of this study show that this program is moving towards quantitative goals with an emphasis on positivist and supply-oriented processes, which has made it possible to popularize science and use social capital with a serious vacuum.

Environment is one of the interdisciplinary topics that can be explained and investigated in different dimensions and from different angles. One of the most important aspects is the dominant discourse of every government, which leads to the formulation of plans and guidelines and determines the implementation process of policies. In fact, environmental policies have long been included in policies, programs proposed by governments, and the text of statesmen's speeches. The Islamic Republic of Iran is not an exception to this rule, and since the 1350s, it has always put instructions and laws in this regard on its agenda. However, these programs have not always improved and evolved over time, and over time, governments have taken different stances on environmental policy based on the discourses that dominate their policies. One of the methods of understanding the dominant environmental discourse of the governments is the analysis of the dominant programs and approaches in this regard. This research, using the discourse analysis approach, tries to explore the documents and development programs and dominant policies in each of the governments after the Islamic Revolution of Iran. (3rd to 12th government) to understand the importance of environment in different periods. The results showed that there has been a transition from the explanation of a single factor in the understanding of environmental issues, however, environmental policies and practices have been derived from the type of political discourse that governs the government.

This article seeks to show the position of "social dimensions of quality of life" in the development plans after the victory of the Islamic Revolution in Iran. The article is interdisciplinary in nature since it combines socio-economic issues of development affecting the quality of life. In this regard, the social dimension includes "social-economic security", "social cohesion", "social integration", "social empowerment" and "social sustainability".  The main purpose of this article is to answer two questions i.e. "In which development plans more attention has been paid to social aspects of the quality of life?" and, "Which of the social dimensions of quality of life have been considered in development plans?" “Content Analysis Method” has been used to analyze the concept in the text pointing to development plans. The main findings in relation to the aforementioned questions were: “The Fourth Plan” and "Economic-Social Security". Other significant results were: The highest and the lowest presence of each of the social dimensions of quality of life in development plans.

Iran is the world’s first developing country that has been engaged in compiling and executing development plans. Despite more than 70 years of planning and implementation of 11 five-year development plans, it has not only failed to achieve the desired success but is lagging behind many countries. One of the important perspectives in explaining this problem is the structural formation and the selection of the type of development plans and their impacts on Iran’s economy, society, politics, and culture. The initial emergence of planning in Iran was a combination of internal and external needs, geopolitical situation, and cognitive impairment. Therefore, while combining the above factors, a type of planning has been formed in the country that has not yet become native and internalized even after 7 decades and lack common understanding among stakeholders and officials about its performance and shortcomings. Iran’s current comprehensive planning has numerous shortcomings that cause a continuous increase in the country’s problems and difficulties to the point where they halt the development process. For this reason, all countries abandoned a comprehensive planning about 5 decades ago, but for various reasons, this is still dominant in Iran’s planning system. This article discusses the process of forming a comprehensive planning and its shortcomings in comparison with limited core planning. Ultimately, through utilizing global experiences, a core planning is explained and introduced as a comprehensive planning.

The development plans are the axis of railing the movement of countries. These programs are considered as a prerequisite for the formation of a strong government and society paradigm. Paying attention to the basics of development programs is a necessity for the institution of science and politics. Different theories of development from different economic, political and cultural approaches have analyzed the root of development policies. The aim of this article is to achieve a theoretical model through which more attention can be paid to the dignity of the sociality of development. The method of the article is qualitative content analysis and review of various categories of development schools. The findings indicate the neglect of social dimensions as a criterion for separating development schools from each other, as well as the policies of Iran's development programs. The explained model is designed for today's conditions of Iran, focusing on the social dimension and the requirements of society's solidarity, and while paying attention to the various dimensions of the concept of development, it measures the ratio of the two dimensions of government-society with structure-activity and locates the well-known theories of development in this middle. Is. At the end, the foundations and policies of the development programs of the Islamic Republic are adapted to the model proposed in the article and are examined from the social point of view and the participation-oriented paradigm.

The purpose of this article is to analyze the country's social security system in the development plans of the last four decades in Iran. The research method is customary or conventional qualitative content analysis. The study population is the economic and social development programs of the Islamic Republic of Iran and each of the sectors related to the social security system such as social insurance and social support is the unit of analysis. Validation using the parallel information acquisition technique and the researcher's self-review, validation has been considered using coding procedures. The social security system has had fragmented and slow growth. The social assistance and support is superior to the social insurance and has two main characteristics of reductionism and discrimination. The social security system is summarized in programs to provide services and support to specific groups and in planning, this system as a tool to gain legitimacy and strengthen the social and popular origin of the ruling political system, not a modern tool for poverty alleviation and equitable distribution of income Considered to be more focused on health insurance, it has grown towards the development of the horizontal dimension and the development of the vertical dimension has been almost neglected

This paper argues that in Iran social development is put on a par with associated concepts like social policy, human development and fighting poverty and discrimination; and still residual approach is exercised to explore it. It seems that this fallibility is rooted in distorted perceptions of ontology, teleology and feasibility applied in social development and lack of unanimity on how to deal with them. This study tries to scrutinize true potentials of social development in large-scale plans and laws practiced in Iran to facilitate the feasibility of social development and delineate ontology and teleology of this concept. Doing so, congruencies with international approaches are clarified. Returning a unanimous verdict among scholars and policy-makers, guidelines to terminate social and structural regression are discussed.

Combating poverty and social inequalities is always one of the main concerns of policymakers. In Iran, this issue has always been considered in the form of development plans and poverty alleviation bills. Unfortunately, the poverty indicators do not show satisfactory results. Considering the importance of the subject, in this article, the content analysis of six development plans has been done with an emphasis on policies to reduce poverty and social inequalities. The results indicate that; 1) In none of the development plans (except for the fourth plan), there is no standard and official poverty line used as a criterion for policymakers, 2) The most important challenge of development plans in poverty alleviation is "identifying the poor", 3) The poverty alleviation program in Iran mainly emphasizes on removing the consequences of poverty rather than its causes and roots, 4) the issue of vulnerability has not been given serious attention in the plans. Therefore, it is recommended to emphasize the following principles in preparing the seventh development plan: 1) at the beginning of the plan, a specific definition of the poverty line and the relevant indicators should be provided, 2) the target groups, namely the poor and deprived areas, and their needs should be identified, 3) Instead of a complication- based perspective, a structural approach to poverty should be adopted, 4) Instead of isolated programs, try to compile a comprehensive plan.

The continuous monitoring and evaluation of research and technology provides a basis for policy makers to deal with evidence-based policymaking or reforming research and technology policies with a comprehensive view. Based on this, the main goal of this research is to analyze the extent to which the quantitative goals of research and technology have been achieved in the sixth development plan based on a systematic approach under the four categories of input, output, consequence and impact indicators and subsequently to extract key lessons in order to prepare the document for the country's future development plans. To this end, the qualitative methodology of document study has been used for the purpose of indexing analysis of performance evaluation of the sixth development program in the field of research and technology. The findings of the research indicate that from the perspective of conceptual design, the indexing system of research and technology under the sixth development plan lacks sufficient balance. In the final part, it is emphasized that as an alternative to the outdated approach of using absolute indicators, the use of relative and combined indicators brings the possibility of more accurate evaluations of the suitability, efficiency, effectiveness and usefulness of research and technology. Also, the policy makers should provide solutions to focus more on the long-term impact of research and technology at the community level by using appropriate indexing.

The present study seeks to answer the question that due to the differences in GDP, population level, benefit of growth infrastructure and other factors affecting regional and geographical imbalances, which of the provinces has a higher degree of welfare? And which have a lower level of well-being? The scientific answer to this question can scientifically provide a suitable policy model in the field of allocation and distribution of resources, facilities and opportunities for public sector policymakers to eliminate the imbalances created. In this study, using the household income-expenditure data of the Statistics Center during the Sixth Development Plan (from 2016 to 2022), the trend of changes in the indicators of real average cost, Gini coefficient and finally social welfare of urban and rural households is examined and analyzed. . According to the results, the real cost of urban and rural households in the country has decreased during the period under review. Also in the same period, the Gini coefficient of urban and rural households has increased, which indicates that the income distribution situation is deteriorating. Then social welfare was calculated based on age index for urban and rural areas of the country and provinces. Accordingly, the social welfare index of age has also decreased significantly during this period. Emphasis on developing a comprehensive poverty reduction plan instead of island programs, focusing on macro-growth policies along with empowerment, controlling inflation, creating productive employment, improving the business environment and skills training are some of the proposed solutions to reduce inequality and Promoting welfare should be on the agenda of policymakers and managers..

In the laws of the 4th, 5th and 6th development plans, a plan for empowering women heads of the household has been proposed, but until now and with the end of the implementation period of the law of the 6th development plan, this plan has not been approved by the Islamic Council. The aim of the current research is to study the obstacles and challenges of drafting a plan with the approach of empowering women heads of households from the perspective of experts; In order to achieve this goal, by adopting a qualitative approach and content analysis method, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 10 experts and experts in the relevant field, including members of parliament, officials, researchers and experts of support institutions. The findings of the study show that approach and organizational challenges were the main obstacles in the process of compiling this plan. Therefore, the most important political strategies with regard to the role of agency and activism of women heads of households, is to exemplify and comprehensively define the empowerment of women heads of households. Therefore, it is necessary to remove the obstacles and structural deficiencies and explain the indicators of empowerment of women heads of the household and determine the criteria to achieve this goal.

Housing is one of the areas that has become one of the most important areas in social policy making. In Iran, after the Islamic Revolution, general policies and policies on housing provision in economic, social and cultural development programs have been envisaged and have been approved and implemented by the relevant governments in the form of development plan legislation. There have been attempts to turn them around.The present article, using qualitative content analysis, seeks to examine the policies of governments in the field of housing in the context of post-revolutionary development plans in Iran.The statistical population of the research is the texts of the laws of fourth and fifth development plans in the country and the data gathering tool is the use of an encryption and categorization system or a checklist.The findings indicate that in the fourth development plan, housing policy was developed in line with the policy of organizing worn-out tissues and providing low-income housing (Mehr Housing). In the context of the Fifth Development Plan, government officials have focused on Islamic-Iranian urban development patterns, "Mehr housing".

This study attempts to investigate the phenomenon of prostitution from a structural perspective and based on the views of relevant social actors. An in-depth interview and observation techniques were used to collect the data, and the grounded theory method was used to analyze the collected data. Systematic analysis of the data collected through observation and in-depth interviews depicted that the prostitution has been grafted with a set of meso and macro level factors and conditions. “Failure in achieving the inclusive economic development” is the first macro level factor which is affecting on “the continuous decline in household income levels and diversity”, and “Losing existing job opportunities and no replacement of them”. The second effective factor is “delay and imbalance in cultural and social development” which leads itself to “the gradual collapse of neighborhood life structure”, “decline and failure in family institution”, and “decline in public ethics culture” as an output instances for second factor. The third effective factor is “human and environmental instability of development plans and programs” which leads to “ecological decontamination” and “rural-urban migrations”. The fourth factor is “failure in the efficiency of macro level operating systems” which has leaded to “the prevalence of useless bureaucratic procedures”, “organizational parallel works and overlapping”, “Permanent waste of resources due to a Stacked and swollen bureaucracy”. The consequence of this process is to involve vulnerable people in a cycle of poverty, homelessness, and all kinds of exploitation. Finally, based on the results of the study and in order to empowering the prostitute women, while accepting the "individualist" and "family-centered" strategies, the "community-based" strategy is emphasized as the most important and main strategy for empowering these women.

The adoption of intermediate plans for development and progress is based on policies that are in the form of specific objectives and legal mechanism and executive plans. As in many cases, the weakness in implementation can be traced to policies. Accordingly, due to the imbalance between consumption and demand in the management of water resources, one of the reasons can be sought in the form of policy-making and planning. However, water policy-making and planning in Iran has not been a fixed one and has undergone many changes in social and political contexts. Most of the developments in water planning and policy-making are between water programs before and after the Islamic Revolution; developments in medium and short terms are also evident. To identify these developments through a qualitative approach and the inductive content analysis method, the text of development plans and documents has been studied. Since the Islamic Revolution, these developments have been more influenced by the political discourse of the government. The results also show that development programs in Iran have not been sufficiently coherent in terms of the sustainability of water resources. In fact, the change in policies related to the exploitation of water resources during this period has led to the rupture of various development programs of the country from the perspective of water management.

New findings of philosophy of science question and challenge positive concepts regarding the inclusion of conditions of knowledge, neutrality of observation and data’s independence from theoretical interpretations as well as the distinction between natural and social sciences in a serious manner. In contrast to positive approach, data, theories, and different disciplines, like ethics have expanded as a part of social and historical contexts. This outstanding effect has developed with the help of different approaches, including contributive postmodernist and neo-pragmatic approaches. The mentioned developments in the field of thought, directed social sciences and planning towards post-positivist situation and highlighted the ethical contexts of planning; this effect is traceable in the application context of planning. The purpose of this paper is to express the features of planning theory within the framework of post-positivism, and, also to explain the contexts of involvement of ethics in the field of planning, in its broad sense, as well as the way it affects the planning process. The result of this paper is presentation of the process of new work in the planning process based on attention to new ethical contexts that distinguishes this process from the previous ones, which were regarded as value-free. Also, for practical evaluation of this paper’s hypothesis, the dominant approach of the Five-Year Development Plans of the country has been carefully studied as one of the mid-term planning documents. The findings of the research indicate that value-freeness of these plans is traceable and it sheds light on the necessity of revision of these plans from this perspective.