جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « دیپلماسی عمومی » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

By learning the role and effects of the media in the field of international communication, governments seek to influence and persuade the public opinion of other countries by making an intelligent use of communication. One of these cases is the psychological operation that is considered and used by the Zionist regime in the realm of public diplomacy. This research, therefore, aims at exploring the principles used for the matter by studying the report of “The Israel Project Global Language Dictionary”. To do this, in a comprehensive manner, the entire report, which contains 116 pages and 18 chapters in English, has been analyzed by qualitative content analysis. The results indicate that using diverse and numerous techniques in the form of psychological operations to influence the people of other countries is the main strategy of Israel, which according to the theory of constructivism is the ultimate goal of governments that intend to manipulate people’s attitudes in conformity with their wills. Based on this, the Zionist regime has used the following principles of psychological operations, mentioned in order of importance: image creation, intimidation, labeling, benumbing, incitement, creating division, provocation, making enemies, expressing through the others’ mouth, and dehumanizing.

As an important part of the public diplomacy and foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the Shiite public diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran has fields that have shaped the capacities and limitations of the Shiite public diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. This has provided strong cultural and ideological grounds to strengthen organized groups in other countries and has created a special strategic position for Iran, which acts as a double-edged sword in the foreign policy structure of the Islamic Republic which has created capacities and at the same time costs for the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic. 3 factors that have shaped the Islamic Republic's Shia public diplomacy are: the soft power of the Islamic Republic of Iran, Iran's strategic position, and decision-making processes in the Islamic Republic's public diplomacy. These areas, with the privileges and challenges they have created, determine the different dimensions of the Shiite public diplomacy of the Islamic Republic and determine the strength and weakness of each of these dimensions. Recognizing and examining these fields is a key factor in understanding Shiite public diplomacy of the Islamic Republic of Iran. In this article, we have identified and investigated its various dimensions.

The growth and development of communication technologies in recent years has caused social networks to become an integral part of everyday life and the use of these networks in the direction of public diplomacy and cyber diplomacy has dramatically increased. Meanwhile, Twitter, as one of the most influential social networks, has become an important platform for public diplomacy.This study seeks to introduce two indicators of proximity to the horizontal structure of social networks and the use of the capacity of social networks for networking to review and compare the performance of the two accounts of the Chinese Ambassador in Tehran and the account of the Persian US State Department, towards the Islamic Republic of Iran based on defined indicators and analyze data collected from the social network Twitter. The findings of this study show that the account of the Chinese ambassador in Tehran in terms of the above indicators has been more successful than the Persian account of the US State Department.

One of the most important aspects of the foreign policy is making a favorable image of the state in international environment. Although this issue has been assumed and performed through public diplomacy from the past, it has become extremely important in the light of the rapid use of virtual space and international media and the competition of narratives in global politics.  In this situation, the Islamic Republic of Iran, which had been faced a phenomenon called "Iranophobia" since the victory of the Islamic Revolution, in the last two decades has been strongly influenced by the global citizenship and netizen, on the one hand, and the dynamics of internal developments on the other hand which has added to the waves of Iran-phobia in the region and in the international system. This article aims to examine the dimensions, evolution and consequences of Iranophobia and tries to answer the main question, what are the most important challenges of Iranophobia in the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran, focusing on the Raisi administration? The findings of this research, which was carried out in a descriptive-analytical method, show that the representation of Iran's issues and developments in line with Iranophobia, especially towards the Raisi administration, is not only has been aimed at limiting the potential and actual capabilities of Iran's diplomacy and its soft power but also, by fourth wave of Iranophobia with the development of virtual space and the intensification of the activities of foreign media, has been pursued to reduce the social capital of the government.  Therefore, explaining the achievements and strengthening national branding in various fields, especially at the domestic level, and consolidating the neighborhood policy and promoting public diplomacy at the regional and international levels, is a basic necessity and a prerequisite for the effectiveness of the foreign policy of the Islamic Republic of Iran in the Raisi administration.

The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize the development needs of the field of sports diplomacy. The research method was mixed. The statistical population of the study included all experts and practitioners in the field of sports diplomacy. In the qualitative stage of the research, purposeful sampling method and snowball sampling technique were used for in-depth interviews and sampling continued until the research reached theoretical saturation and adequacy (11 people). In the second stage of the research, based on the criteria arising from qualitative content analysis, research samples were selected. The questions of this interview were determined openly and generally based on the objectives of the research. The results of the analysis of the interviews showed that the prerequisites of sports diplomacy are a combination of sub-categories of gaining international seats in sports, having a roadmap for diplomats in the field of international diplomacy, streamlining, basic capacities, laying the groundwork, formulating a strategic plan, investing in promoting soft power and international awareness. The factor validity of the main categories was confirmed and specified separately. The results of factor analysis showed that the model developed is supported by research data. The results also showed that there is a significant difference between the average ranks of factors affecting sports diplomacy.

One of the Saudi government's ongoing approaches to controlling the Islamic Republic of Iran from within is to exploit cyberspace and establish satellite TV channels and other media to reach the Iranian people. At the same time, the Islamic Republic of Iran has made less effort to address the Saudi people and elites and to improve their attitude towards Iran and its policies and actions, which are influenced by the media policies of the Saudi rulers. Based on the present article, it tries to answer the main question that if the Islamic Republic of Iran wants to activate its public diplomacy against Saudi Arabia, what strategies can it adopt to improve the attitude of the Saudi people and elites towards Iran. Due to the exploratory nature of the article, no hypothesis has been considered in answering this question. Qualitative data obtained from library resources and interviews were coded using MAXQDA 2020 software and the basis for preparing a questionnaire; Findings from the distribution of the questionnaire among the statistical sample were subjected to appropriate statistical tests with two softwares: SMART-PLS and SPSS. The use of expert opinion has been validated. Apart from trying to highlight the strengths of Iran's domestic politics for the Saudi audience, one of the important strategies designed is to try to repair the attitude of the Saudi people and experts towards the Iranian support for Palestine and the cause of the liberation of Jerusalem.

The new conditions of the international system have contributed to the emergence of new components in the formal international structure. The emergence of new actors and the importance of finding people and NGOs in the world has led countries to use their tools and new ways to deliver their benefits, in addition to past practices; one of the most important of which is use of public diplomacy. The United States is one of the countries that benefiting from public diplomacy. Considering the ups and downs of the relations between Iran and the United States in different periods of time, and given the discursive rotation in Iran's foreign policy of deconstruction and confidence building with the outside world, during the government reform, views on Iran were changed and America tried to realize his goals and interests through the use of public diplomacy in Iran. Outstanding examples of diplomacy during this period include sending sports teams, issuing visas and facilitating student exchanges, and other scientific and cultural programs. Therefore, the main question of this study is that what are the advantages of the American public diplomacy approach in Iran during the reform period? The first idea is that Americans have shown a positive representation of their actions and the transformation of public culture in Iran during this period of liberal democracy and compared to previous periods, American diplomacy has become more unofficial, with the participation of non-state actors. Research method of this study is descriptive method using library resources.

"Public Diplomacy for Children" or "Child Diplomacy" is public diplomacy actions and programs designed and implemented to influence children. Part of the importance of child diplomacy is its long-term and profound effects. The initial impressions and ideas that come from each country, state and nation in the minds of other children in the countries provide the necessary preconditions for further planning for further change or attracting public opinion and even the elites of that country. Thus, public diplomacy for children can be considered as a background to public diplomacy in other public diplomacy methods and practices.One of the most striking examples in this regard is the Walt Disney Company and its actions for US public diplomacy. To this end, in this research, while describing the history of the company's activities and its interactions with the US government in the past, the way of representing American principles and values ​​in the animation of the company's construction is studied using the methodology of semiotics. Using targeted sampling method and according to the definition of general diplomacy for children, the animations that were closer to the subject (Toy Story 3, Zootupia and 6 great heroes) were analyzed.The representation of the American lifestyle was the main theme represented in the animations examined.

In this paper, while explaining the concept of cultural diplomacy, its current status in Iran with the pathology approach and at the theoretical, legislative, structural, policy, management, program and functional levels have been studied. The method used in this research is a combination method using various tools such as written sources, official and valid sites, deep interviews and a questionnaire to examine the process of discourses of cultural diplomacy of Iran, the current status of cultural diplomacy of Iran And its pathology. The community under study is experts, diplomats and cultural advisers employed by the Islamic Culture and Relations Organization and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs. Quantitative data were analyzed using descriptive and inferential statistical methods and analyzed using SPSS 20 and LISREL 8.5 software. Using SWOT analysis model, the current status of cultural diplomacy in Iran has been investigated. The result of the analysis of the internal and external environment of cultural diplomacy shows that Iran is in the position of a conservative strategy, and it is necessary to strengthen the religious, cultural and historical coexistence, to expand cultural and economic cooperation, to train expert personnel, to review rules, strengthen coordination between different cultural organizations, and support and promote the Persian language teaching institutes & Iranian studies departments abroad.

It is one of the most important mechanisms and means of acquiring foreign policy goals of the Islamic Republic of Iran, the formulation, regulation and implementation of effective cultural diplomacy as a prominent example of the supreme diplomacy and its soft power. Cultural diplomacy is conducted by governments, but it is sometimes performed by other non - governmental actors, which are regarded as a support for foreign policy objectives and means of public diplomacy. With the events of the Islamic Revolution in Iran, because of the nature of the revolution and ideological conflict with the USA, Western countries and their regional allies, Iran has been on the verge of fear as a form of Iran phobia, from opposites in the scope of States and Muslim and Non Muslim nations. The main question of this research is that “How was Iran’s cultural diplomacy confronting with Iran phobia? According to the research findings; which has been done using descriptive method; the research hypothesis is that, considering the favorable capacities of Iranian cultural diplomacy, the use of these capacities is passive because of the multiplicity of decision - making centers and has failed to serve as a tool in the service of public diplomacy and Iran's soft power, and using different tools, challenges to the Iran phobia and confront it.

The subject of this article is “U.S Cyber Diplomacy Influence on Viewpoint of Iranian Users of Cyberspace(Case Study: USA Dar Farsi Facebook Webpage)”. Nowadays, using Internet and social networks to advance foreign policy goals and national interests, has become one of the most important issues. From 40’s and during World War II, U.S government tried to implement various cultural programs, stuent exchange programs, and use publications, the media and movies to convince residents of different countries about its foreign policy goals, and it became known as public diplomacy. Considering Iran’s high stance in U.S foreign policy, United States Department of State implemented various cyber diplomacy projects to influence Iranians public opinion that include launching USA Dar Farsi Facebook Webpage. In this thesis, the Author tried to answer one key question concerning this important strategy within US foreign policy system: What is the Influence of USA Dar Farsi Facebook Webpage, as a tool of U.S Cyber Diplomacy, on Viewpoint of Iranian Users of Cyberspace? For this purpose, qualitative content analysis of USA Dar Farsi Facebook Webpage and sending questionnaires to its users and other Iranian users of Internet has been used. The hypothesis is that, comparing to Iranian Internet users who do not read USA Dar Farsi Facebook Webpage content, the USA Dar Farsi Facebook Webpage users are more influenced by cyber diplomacy content and messages and this leads to negative attitude towards Iranian society.

The most original action of the islamic republic of iran in the international arena is cultural action, and this is because our system is a revolutionary element with the identity and cultural goals of the index. On the other hand, it should be a priority for the country's diplomacy system with regard to the public interests as well as to stipulate that relation with islamic and neighbouring countries should be a priority. The present study tries to briefly introduce cultural functions of the diplomatic system with islamic and regional priorities of foreign policy, cultural diplomacy of the islamic republic of iran in the strategic gulf region to provide the opportunity for broader and more comprehensive research.

This article tries to investigate the role of social media in the future world. New social media technologies with intrusion in social layers will have vital and basic role in future diplomacy. One thing that differentiates new world from the past is basic development in communication area and information in which changed the nature of many concepts such as diplomacy and reaches to the public part. In this collection with discovering mental patterns with Q-test method and production of Q category and acquisition of the professor's opinion in media and diplomacy branch and the analysis of these patterns with the formation of Matrix correlation and variance of factors analysis; in the end, nine mental patterns were accepted. It was clear that social media and public diplomacy in some ways are not practical in diplomatic structure of the country and due to this (doctrine network diplomacy) with new definition dependent to social networks and public field is used as a pattern for media diplomacy of Islamic Republic of Iran.

The new 21 century has altered the political constellation amongst actors of international relations. Yet, one thing is certain that today’s world cannot be separated from diplomacy. Diplomacy in the world has highlighted into three version. The first version of diplomacy in traditional terms, which is seen as the substance, aim and attitudes of a state’s relations with others to put these into effect, is called formal diplomacy. It is just prevail among officials of state actors in which states aims to effecting on another state or finally achieve mutual influencing (state to state diplomacy). Another dominant diplomacy of today is public diplomacy in which states aim to influence on people of other countries (state- people diplomacy). Since, in this kind of diplomacy, the cultural element being used at the high level, it is known as cultural diplomacy. In other words, cultural diplomacy is a subset or branch of public diplomacy in which culture is using as the foundation for soft power to dialogue and negotiate with others. The third version is cyber diplomacy that is named people to people diplomacy in which people are linked with each other by information’s and communication’s networks in order to make helping peace in the world. Emphasizing on public diplomacy, the main question of this article is what is public diplomacy and the role of culture in the public diplomacy? In this line, main hypothesis is that since the culture is the essence of public diplomacy so any public diplomacy for being influential should utilize culture in its enforcement. The conduct of inquiry in this research based on descriptive-analytical.

The subject of this article is “U.S Cyber Diplomacy Influence on Viewpoint of Iranian Users of Cyberspace (Case Study: Voice of America Website)”. U.S government tried to implement various cultural, social and educational programs to convince people about its foreign policy goals, and it became known as public diplomacy. Considering Iran’s high stance in U.S foreign policy, its Department of State launched various cyber diplomacy projects including Voice of America website to influence Iranians.The key question of this article is: What is the Influence of Radio Farda website, on Viewpoint of Iranian Users of Cyberspace? For this purpose, qualitative content analysis of Voice of America website and sending questionnaires has been used. The hypothesis is that, comparing to Iranian Internet users who do not read Voice of America website content, the Voice of America website users are more influenced by cyber diplomacy content and messages and this leads to negative attitude towards Iranian society in economic, social, cultural and political aspects.

Today the role of sports and physical activities are going beyond an exercise or a kind of entertainment, and has various health, social, cultural, economic, and most importantly political and international functions. The widely spread around the world; sport has become as an international instrument in international relations. The internationalization of some kind of sports has led many countries to see international sports competition as a field to advance their national interests and political goals. In this context, the concept of sports diplomacy beside other types of diplomacy has emerged. This paper investigates the role of sports in particular, major international sporting events in advancing countrie's diplomatic goals.

An effective media arrangement is the IRIB's primary mission; proposing a model for developing media arrangement is a necessity in the organization, so far as to realize the mission defined for it and overcome the imperialistic possible threats. The question is: What does a model for IRIB media arrangement look like? To answer this question, the present qualitative, exploratory and deductive study was carried out using grounded theory. The data were collected through deep interviews with 15 professionals, and were coded and categorized consequently. Finally, a theory, in form of step-to-step model, was developed; these steps are as follows: preliminary step, adjusting the ending; 1. Design-related approaches; 2. Differentiating paradigm; 3. Developing design principles. 4. Defining the type of arrangement: offensive or defensive; 5. Knowing the current situation; 6. Depicting the ideal situation; 7. Determining the realm of civilization influence; 8. Developing the arrangement areas; 9. Organization; 10. Explaining objectives, mission, perspective; 11. Procuring human resources and amenities; 12. Guidelines and leadership; 13. Publishing the message; 14. Monitoring and re-designing.