جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « سرمایه » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The change in lifestyle is affected by modernity and increased awareness which has caused the increased tendency of women to be present in public and urban spaces. Using a qualitative method and a phenomenological strategy, this study sought to investigate women's socio-cultural problems and limitations in urban spaces of Tehran. The sample consists of 35 women between 20 and 67 years old living in Tehran in 2021 who were interviewed by visiting several crowded points in the north, south, east and west of Tehran. Purposive sampling with maximum dispersion has been applied. According to the results, the social-cultural problems and limitations of women in connection with urban spaces in Tehran are the feeling of insecurity in urban spaces, the appearance of poverty and lack of vitality in urban spaces, the non-recognition and acceptance of women in the public spaces of the city, people-oriented spaces , the objectification of women in terms of sex, the presence of unpleasant male behaviors, family restrictions on the presence of women in urban spaces, gender norms, structural restrictions on the presence of women in some public spaces and the use of certain vehicles and values ​​and norms of noble woman, affected by economic and cultural capital and district of residence, as well as work and transportation. In addition, women react differently to the obstacles and limitations. By resisting the facing challenges in urban spaces, women seek to achieve creative and effective civic activism. In order to realize this objective, institutions such as families and education shall act to change attitudes and gender relations and develop the culture of acceptance of women in public spaces.

Food in the field of sociology and cultural studies generally has a strong connection with the issue of consumption. Examining the taste of the food consumer has been the subject of many researches in this field, on the other hand, in today's society, identity is formed incrementally with the fading of tradition, around the wildness of consumption processes. In this article, an attempt is made to investigate the sociological analysis of the construction of social identity through food alcove choices as the basis of differentiation and social similarity of Tehrani citizens based on Bourdieu's theory of differentiation and the role of capitals in the formation of habits, as well as Giddens' theory of reflexivity. The study method in this article is the survey method and using the researcher's questionnaire, 400 Tehrani citizens between 15-65 years of age have been investigated in 2018. The findings show that the luxurious or modern food alcove is the most frequent among the statistical population, the status of the amount of capital distribution is at the average level, with the increase in the amount of each of the capitals, the choice of the luxurious food pattern is more according to the model The research structure of economic capital has the greatest impact on the choice of a luxury food pattern. That is, people with higher economic capital tend to choose a luxury food pattern.

In this study, it was sought to achieve a typology related to women's activism in urban spaces of Tehran using a qualitative approach with the phenomenological strategy. Data was collected using in-depth, semi-structured interviews and field observations. Purposive sampling with maximum dispersion was utilized. The sample consisted of 30 women living in Tehran who were interviewed by visiting several crowded points in the north, south, east and west side of Tehran. Data was analyzed using Thematic Analysis. According to the results, women's activism in the spaces of Tehran were classified into economic, social, cultural, sports and leisure activism and dramatic and abnormal activism. Women's activism in each of these areas varied according to their social, economic, and cultural status and capital. Results suggested that the existing structure in urban spaces of Tehran has caused women to be creative and active in some areas, such as leisure activities as well as in relation to the type of clothing and behavior in urban spaces despite the pressures and restrictions. Also women's activism is passive and more in line with the existing structure of some areas like economic domains. However, increasing women's presence in various domains of urban spaces can be the basis for many changes and transformations, which demands structural and cultural changes and changing attitudes towards the status of women, recognition of their capabilities and giving attention to their needs and desires in urban spaces of Tehran, also creating conditions for healthy employment and women's active and creative activism in various spaces of Tehran.

this paper while drawing downward paths of the previous meaning-making apparatus through imperatives of the coexistence of a chain of heterogeneous elements such as war, sanctions, political and social factors, women's demands and Epistemological conflicts, tries to reconstruct conditions for the possibility of this new regime of truth in the object of the body and its positivity. This reconstruction gives centrality to the interaction of a huge number of historical events that present in the situation and especially the changing factors of disease burden pattern in the post-war space, which by providing the conditions for conjunction of the political actions and medical discourse at the junction of creating a healthy city and managing it and by inventing a new type of subjectivity and truth, make the post-revolutionary subjects docile and obedient by eject them into the labyrinth of governmt apparatus.

attention to social progress and human development for the creation and sustainability of the economy, especially in developing countries, is of particular importance and highlights the need to examine the impact of social progress on GDP of these countries.The statistics on the Human Development Index, the Human Development Index through the Social Progress Index, Capital and Employment Index, as well as GDP per capita in 104 countries are taken from the United Nations Development Program, the Social Development Index and the World Bank from 2014 to 2018, respectively.In order to investigate the effect of these variables on GDP, panel data method has been analyzed using Eviews10 software.The results of estimating panel data in the studied years showed that the impact of human development on GDP in two groups of middle to high income countries and high income countries is increasing and significant;Social progress in the transfer of the effect of human development to GDP in all four groups of countries has an increasing and significant effect;Finally, capital and employment have a significant increase in GDP per capita in high-income countries.

Social capital refers to links and connections among members of a community as a valuable source. But since people in the community do not have the same relationship and quantity and quality, there are differences between different sexes, includingeroticecapital. The purpose of this study is to examine the level of sexual capital of women as a factor in explaining the differences in social capital. The present study was conducted using survey method and using researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical sample consists of 680 people aged over 18 years old in Isfahan. Findings show that there is a meaningful relationship between capital capital and social capital. There is a significant difference in the effect of cultural and verbal beliefs on women's attitudes towards sexual capital based on demographic variables such as age, marital status, education, employment status, economic status, income level and job type.

The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of social, cultural and economic capital on the structure of power distribution in the family. The research is of applied and survey type.the statistical population is the students of the Islamic Azad University of Tabriz. The method of collection was a questionnaire with content and face validity and its reliability was obtained with Cronbach's alpha. Theoretical foundations: "Bourdieu's theory, Putnam, resource theory, etc." Spss18 and Amos were used to analyze the data. The results showed that between economic capital and the dimensions of social capital, the embodied dimension of cultural capital has a direct relationship with the power distribution structure in the family. The results of stepwise multiple regression analysis showed that economic capital, dimensions of social capital and the embodied dimension of cultural capital remained as influential variables in the model. The research variables explain 12% of the power distribution structure in the family and 88% of the variance can be explained by variables outside the research subject. There was no significant relationship between (age, marital status, education) and the power distribution structure in the family. And the power structure in female student families is more democratic than male.

It is vital to pay attention to foreign investment in developing countries or the ones with emerging markets. The aim of this study was to identify social and cultural factors affecting foreign investment in Iran’s East Azerbaijan province. The research variables include mutual social trust, participation, modernity and cultural differences and the dependent variable in this research is foreign investment. In this research, different theories have been used, including the theory of Parsons, Lerner, Coleman, Myrdal and Giddens. The research method was surveying and questionnaires were used to collect data. The results obtained from Cronbach's alpha and factor analysis showed high validity and reliability of the questions. The statistical population was from among the officials of foreign investment and foreign investors in the cities of Tabriz and Julfa. The sample size was done by Cochran's method, which obtained 429 people in the field of foreign investment. Finally, the samples were selected by proportional stratified sampling method and simple random sampling method. Pearson was used for bivariate analysis and regression was used for multivariate analysis. The results showed that there is a correlation between independent and dependent variables. In the multivariate analysis, among the variables introduced in the step-by-step method, the mutual social trust variable was selected as the variable that had the greatest effect on the dependent variable because it had a high prediction coefficient.

Employee productivity is a function of the performance of managers in the organization and human resource management activities in particular. A set of coordinated human resource management activities can enhance employee attitudes and behaviors. It seems very necessary and logical to pay attention to the strategic and strategic development that lays the foundation for human resource development. Researchers believe that it is not yet clear how and through which processes human capital management strategies On the other hand, the process of manpower evaluation is one of the complex and very important processes in organizations that need to identify strategies to improve the level of productivity by strategic, key and operational jobs in order to periodically monitor, Attracting and hiring is human capital. In this regard, in the present article, a researcher based on a descriptive method and based on the strategies of Imam Khomeini Relief Committee as a mission-oriented organization in the deprived and oppressed of the country by identifying effective criteria in the productivity of human capital In six specialized dimensions including: management, decision making, communication indicators, abilities, other skills and related to business through the study of related research to provide a theoretical framework for research and using Criteria were weighted from a fuzzy approach and a survey of experts.

The aim of this study was to design a model for the development of cultural capital in the education system. The present study was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of data collection was a mixed research (qualitative-quantitative). The statistical population in the qualitative part included academic and organizational experts including the officials of the Ministry of Education and in the quantitative part included all high school principals in the second year of Tehran. The sample size was estimated in the qualitative part with theoretical saturation (20 people) and in the quantitative part based on Cochran's formula 290 people. The data collection tool was semi-structured interview in the qualitative part and a researcher-made questionnaire with 185 questions based on a 5-item scale in the quantitative part. The content validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by several experts, the construct validity of the inclusions was confirmed by calculating the trough and the validity of the questionnaire was confirmed by calculating the square root of the AVE. The reliability of the questionnaire was obtained through Cronbach's alpha and the combined reliability coefficient for the dimensions of the questionnaire was higher than 0.7. The results led to the identification of 10 components and 185 indicators, of which 5 effective components including social identity, social capital, family interactions, consumption Media and lifestyle and 5 effective dimensions of academic achievement, student empowerment, social responsibility, social acceptance and student happiness are influential. Other results showed that the current situation of the identified components in the development of cultural capital in the education system is favorable.

In that Bourdieu has indirectly raised the idea of modernity, development, and evolution in his experimental in him works, the main problem is how has peresented development theory in bourdieu works? And it what have charactristics? The results of works bourdieu sistematic review showed that development is change from treditional society with charictristics such as integrality to distinctioned society as field, capital and habitus with with charictristics such as function, straggle, law and organic relations. Developments also have two steps that is first step: The transition from treditional society to moden society and second step: distinctioned in modern society. Bourdieu belived that development is value object in one hand, and it is reality of multi-deminitions that is based on all-sided distinctioned in change framwork the other hand. He argues that development obstecle is integralilty belive and unequal relations of society in international field and dominat implemention of powerfull society, development factor are Comprehensive dictinction, increasingly Comprehensive distinction, gathered most capital forms in huge and contribute, and obtain and maintananec Relative independence of differnce fields in modern society. He emphesise on agent role in development to additional structure.

How the modern theater field of Iran’s Constitutionalism age is formed and organized and the theater poles of this age and appearance of sub-fields, is discussed in this study. The modern theater of Iran was formed a little before the beginning of Constitutionalism from 1901 to 1921 as a field. This process was result of change in the capital system and habitus of its actors that through innovating in the conventional styles and forms of play of this period, desired to use the modern theater as a tool to promote the public culture and political awareness of society. How the group made movement and activity, the status and position of the groups’ agents in terms of social and artistic situation, the type of their capital and habitus and their relationship with the governing political structure and the popular play pole of the age are among the most important questions of this research. In the end, we find that the modern theatre of the Constitutionalism era has a considerable distinction from the popular play of that time and is result of the cultural, social and symbolic capitals evolved from the Constitutionalism movement, a distinction that sets it in a path wholly different from the popular play of this time. This study has utilized Pierre Bourdieu's formative structuralism, in particular, the concepts of distinction, field and capital for its content analysis.

In modern development literature, there are a lot of discussions about participation, especially economic participation. Economic participation is the essential part of economic development and lack of plating the participation backgrounds will challenge social system, as well as economic system. Labour force is main stimulus and jmpetus for developing societies, so that the production of value and cumulatjon of capital, and in general, development without labour force participation is impossible. According to functional viewpoint, economic participation is the background of survival and development of social system. Inasmuch as one of the signs of development of societies is female economic participation, and their access to economic opportunities and employment represents their social status in different countries, so the status of women as half of the labour force potential of societies has made their economic acts to be of high importance, The statistical analyses indicate that female economic participation rate is very heterogeneous and has a wide range. According to International Labour Organization estimates in 2016, the average of economic participation rate in women aged 15 years and older is 52.3%, and its maximum and minimum values are respectively 86.3 and 12%. Furthermore, the investigation of female economic participation rate in developing and developed countries shows that European developed countries (European :::union:::: EU) have high economic participation rate, but the Middle East countries such as Iran have quite lower level of the participation. Although female participation in labour market is affected by agency and structural factors, it seems that the wide range of changes of this rate accents the role of major and structural variables. Therefore, the major aim of this paper is to study the impact of capital construct (economic, institutional and social capitals) on female economic participation. This paper was done using documentary method and secondary analysis of existing data. The statistical society of the research is European :::union::: and Middle East countries. The data published by Legatum Institute and International Labour Force Organization (ILO) were used. Besides, the level of observation and unit of analysis in this project is major. According to the results, European countries have higher female economic participation rate than Middle East countries. The average of this rate in European and Middle East countries is respectively 50.4% and 29.3%. Indeed, although the average of total capital index in EU countries is 65.8%, it is 49.1% in Middle East countries, and there is a big difference between them. This condition, more or less, occurs in all subindexes and indicators of this index. Segregaton of two studied countries groups on scattergram chart indicates that Middle East countries in capital index and its subindexes are poorer than EU countries. This result is in line with the theoretical viewpoint, and it refers to the classification of the developing degree of the countries according to economic participation rate. The study of distribution of capital kinds also shows that the highest difference belongs to institutional capital and the next levels belong to social and economic capitals respectively, and all declared differences were found to be statistically significant.
Analytically, there is a positive and significant correlation between female economic participation rate in the studied countries and total capital index and its sub-indexes.The amount of this correlation with total capital index, institutional capital, economic capital, and social capital is respectively .794, .793, .765 and .688.Moreover, linear regression analysis represents that about 70% of female economic participation rate in the studied countries is explained by capital kinds, and only the remained 30% will be explained by the other variables unnoticed in this project. This result clearly emphasizes the impact of major and constructional variables on female economic participation in labour market. Standardized coefficient (β) amount also suggests that institutional capitals have more important role for declaring the female participation in labour market (0.746). The next levels for declaring the female economic participation in labour market belong to economic (0.613) and social (0.526) capitals. Female labour force participation is one of the signs of development and due to its own reasons and outcomes it can be regarded as an economic-social phenomenon. As mentioned earlier, both economic and non-economic factors affect this subject. Therefore, the aim of this project is to investigate the role of capital construct on female labour force participation in European :::union::: and Middle East countries.
Economic participation is a field in which actors act in it in proportion to have some kinds of capital. Therefore, capital is the positive capacity and potential for facilitating the economic actions. In other words, good institutional, financial, and social conditions can be suitable backgrounds for people and female economic participation as well. Whereas, in societies where wealth capitals, gender inequalities such as unequal access to capitals is low or paralle to Lerner and World Economic Forum findings, high gender inequalities and discriminations, such as inequality in access to resources and capitals in developing countries of Middle East is supposed to exist. Therefore, affluence of capital kinds and also decrease of gender inequalities will increase women’s inputs to economic fields and facilitate their economic participation. By preparing these facilities, it is hoped that unused human resource capacity in Middle East countries will be used in the future.
In comparison with pervious researche studies, the results of this project are in accordance with development and economic participation hypothesis which focuses on U-form relation between entering the women to labour market and development in a passing society from tradition to modernity, and Lerner’s findings (2004) that insist on limited social attendance and economic participation of women caused by capital leakage and gender inequality in Middle East countries. Also the observed strong and positive relationship between economic capitals and female labour force participation in the present research confirms the asserted relationsships between economic capacities and female labour force participation in the previous studies (Seraj, 1984; Clark et al., 1991; Bloom & Brender, 1993; Safai Pour & Zadvali Khajeh, 2016). the positive relation between education and female labour force participation documented in static study of Yakubu (2010) and the findings of the panel study of Klasen and Lamanna (2009) was supported by the results of this project.
The first innovation of the present study is the empirical documentation of the effect of institutional capitals on female labour force participation in the studied countries. In general, excellent institutional and economic conditions make the society grow and social capitals facilitate the female labour force participation. Another innovation is doing an international comparative- analytical investigation in two groups of countries with very different conditions for female labour market. The previous studies conducted at international level were simply descriptive, without purposeful classification of the different groups of countries, and the number of variables was limited.

Profit and loss sharing (PLS) is one of the economic issues that was in force since the inception of Islamic jurisprudence. The early Shia jurists from Sheikh Saduq to Shahid Awwal (Muhammad Jamaluddin al-Makki al-Amili al-Jizzini) and to Imam Khomeini have discussed profit and loss sharing in their books that are now used as the first reference books on PLS.
In this descriptive-analytical research, which has been developed based on library studies, we intend to clarify the fact that profit and loss sharing is a social necessity which accelerates fixed and cash capital turnover. The Islamic society feels the need to PLS charging more than before to comply with the prohibition of interest – that goes counter to religious code of conduct.
This paper intends to review some of Imam Khomeini’s jurisprudential discussions on monetary policies. Since Imam Khomeini, along with other jurists, have directly discussed the profit and loss sharing mechanism, we have directly taken these discussions from his other jurisprudential works. Therefore, some viewpoints and understandings may not be a hundred percent certain and may cause skepticism and conjecture. It is hoped that this paper will be an introduction to more research works by the researchers and academicians for clarification of these urgent financial matters on the part of the universities and theological schools in order to reach resolute decrees on these issues.

In recent years and with the growth of the Internet and online social technologies, many questions have been raised regarding the type, quality and extent of social activities in the world based on social networks. Considering the influence of online social networks on recent elections from the year 2009 until now and its following incidents, the present study aims to evaluate the effect of the social capital present in online networks on the citizenship culture of the citizens of Sanandaj. The method of the study was that of a correlational descriptive research and it employed a survey method. The questionnaire was comprised of Dmitri Williams’ standard questions and a researcher-made questionnaire for citizenship culture which had appropriate validity and reliability and was distributed to 400 respondents with the method of multistage cluster sampling. Findings show a medium of the citizenship culture average, and the focus has more been on civic engagement. From the components of civic engagement, the dimensions of attitude and belief were more regarded by the citizens rather than the components of behavior or action. The inferential results also show that the most important dimension of social capital influencing the citizenship culture is the bridging social capital present in the online space

Considering the remarkable technological progress and the transformation of the form of the private sphere of interaction and interaction of human beings with one another, there are other forms in which the physical presence of individuals has been eliminated and turned into virtual presence. Due to the interactive actions in response to human needs and the impossibility of eliminating it, it has shaped another form of social life, in the sense that human activities migrated from the real space to the virtual space. In addition, the concepts of social sciences are also load Semantically their form in another way, with the passage of time, so that the concept of social capital with the dimensions of participation, trust, and solidarity between members of a group or several groups that are exchanging information in another space form a structured and purposeful system So that they can lead to the achievement of a valuable social life goal Target

This paper tries to identify how journalism and Twitter affect each other in Iran. Nowadays, social media become a part of the users’ everyday life and, Twitter as one of the favorite ones is considered as the most convenient media in journalism, regarding its affordances and technical potentials. Therefore, using Bourdieu’s notions, we try to assess the relationship between Iranian users and journalists in Twitter. Moreover, we measure the journalists’ credibility for users. Furthermore, we identify how journalistic practices and journalists’ capitals are affected by Twitter’s usage. In order to do the survey, we chose 217 users and 230 journalists using in purposive and snowball samplings. Results show that users rarely know journalists in Twitter but, they mainly use Twitter and Telegram as their news sources. Additionally, findings confirm that public engagement, sourcing and public note-taking are practices affecting by Twitter’s usage more than other ones. Finally, the research suggest that Twitter’s usage has not significant impact on journalists’ economic and symbolic capitals, while their cultural and social capitals are mainly increased by using of Twitter.