جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "سمن" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

Evaluation of the performance of Non-Governmental Organizations (NGOs) is one of the main indicators in optimizing their management process. This article aims to assess the efficacy of welfare services and offer recommendations to managem​ent regarding their areas of improvement.The research methodology employed a combination of quantitative and qualitative approaches. Quantitative data have been collected by questionnaire survey and qualitative data by in-depth interview. The sample size for the survey research was comprised of 384 individuals, who were clients and service recipients of welfare services in Tehran and comprised the statistical population. The in-depth interview was attended by fifteen senior managers and specialists.The results indicated that welfare services achieved success solely in their non-professional domains; their professional endeavors were primarily hindered by inadequate funding, insufficient expertise and specialization, and inadequate knowledge. The performance analysis of welfare services using the performance-importance analysis model showed that the four areas of professional activity of them are in the waste of resources unit and require their transfer to the optimal performance sector.Welfare service-providing NGOs in Tehran have not achieved success. This requires the restoration of three parts of the process through the way they interact with the government; content is through specialization; performance improvement; and development with periodic evaluations

Fictional names have been one of the most important and serious topics in the contemporary philosophy of language and metaphysics.Several questions such as “Do fictional names refer to any objects?” “Are fictional characters existent objects?” have resulted in a considerable literature of philosophy. In this essay, we will follow two objectives. First we will describe and elaborate the ideas of three great philosophers who believe that fictional names are genuine and proper names which do refer to existent fictional characters. Second we will criticize the theories of two philosophers (Peter Van Inwagen and Saul Kripke’s theories) and will eventually defend the third i.e. Nathan Salmon’s theory of fictional names. Through the issues we will presuppose direct reference theory as our main semantic theory for proper names.