جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مادران شاغل » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The present study was conducted to investigate the lived experience of working mothers regarding their lifestyle changes in the face of covid-19 virus pandemic.

This qualitative study was performed using phenomenological methodology. The research was conducted using purposive sampling of working mothers in various educational fields in Tehran during 1400-1401. After conducting 20 persons, data saturation was reached. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews and analyzed with Smith's phenomenological method.

In this research, 8 main themes and 19 secondary themes were obtained, which main themes are: physical habits, psychological vulnerability, job problems, change of cost-income pattern, couple conflicts, mother-child conflicts, forced presence at home and difficulty of caring responsibilities.

The results of this study indicate the need for comprehensive attention to the issues and challenges of working mothers in the face of the multidimensional and complex phenomenon of the Covid-19 pandemic and its numerous positive and negative consequences in the field of women`s lifestyle. The results of this research are important for cultural planners and the field of mental health. Key words: Lifestyle, Covid-19 virus, Working mothers, Lived experiences, Phenomenology

Following the decrease in the fertility level and the change in the pattern of childbearing in Iran and its demographic, economic and social consequences, efforts have been made in the policy system in recent years to support the family and working women. One of the programs carried out in order to support working women and increase fertility in the country was to increase the length of maternity leave from six months to nine months.The purpose of this study is to interpret and represent the different dimensions of maternity leave among employed mothers. In fact, this study was an attempt to understand the effects of this policy in the continuation of women's participation in the labor market, improving the health of family members, developing the financial well-being of the family, maintaining the job values of mothers, and mothers' satisfaction, reducing work-family conflict from the perspective of working mothers who are the target group of this policy.The approach of this research is qualitative. The sample includes 25 employed women with maternity leave experience living in Tehran who was determined through purposive sampling with maximum diversity based on the level of theoretical saturation. The data collection method is an in-depth interview that was conducted in the fall and winter of 2022. This study was carried out in the conditions of the Corona epidemic, so this situation affected both the way of collecting information and the duration of the research. Therefore, some interviews were conducted in person and some by phone. The method of analysis was thematic analysis which was extracted in three methods of open, axial and selective coding. From the data analysis process, the core category of "paradoxical expression of maternity leave experience" was obtained, which arises from the two themes of "women's dual experience of maternity leave" and "contradictions in policies and executive plans". The category " women's dual experience of maternity leave " is the result of three sub-themes of "strengthening the family institution", "doubt in decision-making" and "job insecurity" which show the dual experience. According to the findings, "body management skills", "promoting the biological health of the child", "quality motherhood" and "helping the work-family balance" indicate women's perception of maternity leave as an opportunity to strengthen the family institution, but the decision phobia that It is caused by "fear of separation from the child" and "hesitation to return to work", and "insecurity and job degradation" is also an important part of mothers' experience. The understanding of employed mothers about how to implement the program also indicates that it is contradictory, which is included in three sub-themes: "lack of legislation", "closure of the private sector" and "openness of the public sector".Based on the lived experience of the mothers in this study, on the one hand, the maternity leave policy has helped the well-being of women and families and has provided the satisfaction of mothers in order to provide the well-being and peace of mother and child and restore their health. On the other hand, this program has been the source of some worries, fears and uncertainties, and it has many weaknesses due to the contradictions in the policies and executive programs in providing the safety of mind and well-being of working mothers. Of course, various conditions such as economic, family, work environment, physical conditions of mother and child, and the level of knowledge and ability of mothers in understanding and facing issues related to the conflict of work and family roles have created a diverse experience of maternity leave for women.In this regard, the review of policies related to the protection of working women shows that there are good protective laws in Iran. Existing laws such as breastfeeding hours, part-time work, child care services, reducing the working hours of women with special conditions can have a great impact on preventing personal and family issues, along with maternity leave. However, in addition to the ambiguity in the laws, the enforcement guarantee of these policies and laws has not been specified. In some cases, the implementation of laws has been left to the authority of the occupational organization. Therefore, it has caused the non-fulfillment of various support policies for working mothers. Therefore, it is important that maternity leave policy needs to be reviewed, monitored and redesigned according to the needs and conditions of mothers, children and employers.

The aim of this study was to identify the experience of employed mothers from maternity leave and its impact on fertility decisions. The research approach of this study is qualitative. The sample consists of 25 employed mothers who experienced maternity leave, were selected through purposive sampling with maximum variety in terms of age, number of children, position, type of contract and determined based on the theoretical saturation level. The data collection method is in-depth interview and the analysis method is thematic analysis based on Brown's approach. The core category is "relatively contradictory relationship between maternity leave and fertility", which arises from the two themes of "timely childbearing" and "limited and conditional fertility increase capacity". Based on the results, implementing maternity leave and increasing its duration has provided an opportunity to have children at the right time and prevent long delays, but due to the causal chain of childbearing and numerous institutional barriers, it is not enough to achieve fertility ideals and increase the number of children. Maternity leave cannot increase the number of children per se and it is necessary to provide appropriate socio-economic conditions for childbearing and to adopt a set of supportive programs and policies, particularly a broad access to child care as well as labor market flexibility.

The current study was administrated to investigate the attitudes to gender roles and parental exhaustion of parting duties in mothers having or not having paid professional activity. The research method was descriptive, and the research design is ex post facto. The study sample was 195 mothers (76 employed and 119 unemployed) who participated voluntarily from five regions of north, south, west, east, and center of Tehran. Measurements included the Parental Burnout Assessment (consist of parental exhaustion, contrast with the past self of the parent, being fed up, and emotional distancing from the parenting role), and the Attitudes towards Gender Roles Questionnaire (including the traditional, the gender-specific, and the androgenic attitude). The results of the independent t-test between two groups showed that there was a significant difference between two groups of employed and unemployed mothers in attitudes towards the gender-specific role and androgenic (gender equality) role (p = 0.02), and there was no significant difference in parental burnout and its dimensions. The results also showed that employed mothers, although having egalitarian attitudes to gender roles and experience more role pressure than unemployed mothers, experience less parental burnout compared to unemployed mothers who have gender-specific role attitudes. It is worth considering the role of overload in employing mothers and how unemployed mothers spend their leisure time with their children according to their gender attitudes.

This research is based on the phenomenological method based on collection data from a sample of working mothers with a child under the age of seven who have been selected on the basis of purposeful sampling to theoretical saturation and focusing on employees in the universities of Isfahan. , Intends to understand the meaning and experience of working mothers of Iran's policies on child care for the group to pursue policy strategies to improve and remedy possible shortcomings in this area. From the process of data analysis based on the seven-stage Colaizzi approach, the five main themes of "content assessment of policies", "evaluation of policy implementation", "intermediary variables", "effects and consequences" and "strategies" " Was obtained. As a result, based on the experience of the life of the sample group of working mothers, care policies in Iran from different aspects, especially the lack of flexibility in the laws and their implementation in relation to mother / child conditions and the lack of gender and supportive gender Arbitrators and employers do not have the necessary skills to ensure the comfort and satisfaction of mothers.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effects of work - family conflict on some job attitudes, including Psychological Well-being and emotional exhaustion among working mothers in tehran university. and the role of mediating variables such as perceived organizational support and intrinsic motivation is also considered. Statistical population of the study consisted of working mothers that employed in Tehran University administrative division. Sampling method of the present study is Stratified sampling at first and then random Sampling was used by researchers. Accordingly, 182 of them were selected to answer the questionnaires. multiple regression and structural equation modeling and SPSS and LISEREL software was used to investigate the effect of work - family conflict on employee's emotional exhaustion and psychological well-being by moderating role of perceived organizational support and intrinsic motivation. The results show that negative and positive relationship among work - family conflict and psychological well-being and emotional exhaustion.

The aim of this study was to investigate and compare the personality characteristics of male high school students of working mothers with nonworking mothers. Research statistical population of the study included all male high school students of Sarpolzohab city. The research sample consisted of 200 participants who were selected using cluster random sampling. Data were collected using the short form of Minnesota Multiphase Personality Inventory (MMPI), and student’s academic and counseling records. The data were analyzed using MANOVA. Results showed that there is a significant difference (p<0.01) between the students with working mothers and non-working mothers in aspects such as depression, anti-social behavior and hysteria. Students with working mothers experience more depression and show more antisocial behavior. While students with nonworking mothers exhibit more hysterical behavior.