جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "مراقبت" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

Family caregivers play a crucial role in elderly care worldwide, with approximately 80% of the elderly receiving care from family members (Given et al., 1999). Historically, family members have been the primary support system for the elderly, especially during periods of physical decline. However, the growing elderly population and increasing life expectancy have placed disproportionate demands on both families and formal care infrastructures. A significant aspect of elderly care is the financial burden associated with medical expenses, which has become more pronounced in the current climate of inflation and economic instability. While extensive research on aging in Iran exists (Ahmadi et al., 2014; Parvai, 2019; Rezaie-Kahrodi, 2018; Zanjari, Sadeghi, and Delbari, 2018; Farhadi et al., 2015; Askarindooshan, Rouhani, and Abedidiznab, 2018; Mohammadi, Dabaghi, and Yadavar Nikroosh, 2016; Razghi Nasrabad, 2014), social research on elderly care issues remains relatively limited (Kososheshi, 2010; Koosheshi, et al., 2013; Modiri and Koosheshi, 2021). Consequently, the challenges faced by family caregivers require further exploration. Understanding the process of elderly care and its impact on various aspects of caregivers' personal and family life can be a complex and multifaceted issue (Charalambous, 2023). Therefore, it is imperative to scientifically investigate the dimensions of social care, socio-economic characteristics of caregivers, and expectations and challenges they face within the socio-cultural framework of Iranian society. This study focused on the experiences and challenges of family caregivers providing elderly care in Yazd, Iran. It analyzed the financial and economic pressures on caregivers and examined how Iranian families manage these constraints based on a field study conducted in Yazd.

This qualitative study employed a grounded theory approach to explore the experiences of 22 family caregivers in Yazd, Iran, each responsible for at least one elderly family member. In-depth interviews served as the primary data collection method. The study utilized purposeful and theoretical sampling strategies to select participants. Data analysis followed a systematic approach involving open, axial, and selective coding. The results were organized into main categories and subcategories to facilitate the identification of patterns and relationships within the data, thereby enhancing understanding of the phenomenon under study. The analytical process yielded 41 subcategories, which were further consolidated into 8 main categories. This structured approach allowed for a comprehensive examination of the caregivers' experiences and the challenges they faced in providing care for elderly family members.

This study identified "Monetization in the treatment/care system" as the central phenomenon. The analysis revealed several key components:
Causal conditions: 'care economics' and 'financial constraint'
Background conditions: 'financial security'
Intervening conditions: 'inadequacies in the treatment system'
Strategies: 'financial balance' and 'levels of access to treatment'
Consequence: 'quality of access to treatment'
The core category emerging from this analysis was "Care Conditional on Money."
In our paradigm model, economic factors as causal conditions directly impacted families' abilities to cover care costs. Financial security, a background condition, played a crucial role in determining access to medical care. The main phenomenon, monetization in the treatment/care system, demonstrated how financial capacity influenced care and treatment decisions. Inadequacies in the treatment system served as intervening conditions, creating challenges for families caring for the elderly. The strategies of financial balance and treatment access levels reflected families' efforts to manage care costs effectively. The consequence, quality of access to treatment, illustrated the direct impact of financial security on the level and quality of medical services received. This model underscored the complex interplay between economic factors and healthcare access in elderly care, highlighting the critical role of financial resources in determining the quality and extent of care provision.
The rapidly growing elderly population in Iran necessitates addressing their needs, particularly economic issues. The quality of life and health status of the elderly are inextricably linked to financial security. Family care driven by emotional bonds often proves more effective than professional care. Globally, family support is recognized as essential for elderly individuals with chronic conditions, highlighting the need for complementary formal and informal support systems. Financial resources can mitigate many challenges associated with elderly care. The high costs of hospital stays, treatments, medications, medical equipment, and consultations create significant burdens for family caregivers. This is particularly pronounced for elderly individuals requiring continuous rehabilitation therapies and lacking health insurance. Moreover, the expenses associated with nutritious meals and essential medicines are difficult to manage without economic stability. Consequently, many families rely on public health services or neglect necessary treatments. The findings of this study demonstrated that financially stable families could access better medical services, leading to improved treatment outcomes and health monitoring. Conversely, financially strained families often resorted to lower-quality government services, resulting in treatment delays. These disparities significantly impacted both the health of the elderly and the self-esteem of caregivers. The role of financial stability in ensuring quality care and caregiver well-being was evident. Therefore, policy measures to expand insurance coverage and provide financial support were crucial for improving care quality and reducing caregiver burdens. Further social research is needed to comprehend the multifaceted aspects of elderly care within the Iranian cultural context. Future studies should build upon earlier findings to inform care policies and plans for the growing elderly population. In conclusion, addressing the economic challenges of elderly care is paramount in ensuring the well-being of both the elderly and their caregivers. A comprehensive approach that combines financial support, improved healthcare access, and culturally sensitive policies is essential to meet the evolving needs of Iran's aging population.

High-risk behaviors following social problems have grown in all societies in different age and sexual groups. These behaviors are intentional and the person has little control over the possible side effects such behaviors, like smoking, alcohol, drugs, psychotropic drugs, and performing early sexual behaviors. The aim of this study was to analyze family-based care and prevention strategies for high-risk behaviors.

This qualitative study has a hermeneutic and constructive-interpretive paradigm and in-depth and semi-structured interviews were used as data collection techniques. To analyze the data, grounded theory method, with open, axial, and selective coding process was used in order to analyze the data and achieve the final theory. The participants included families from Tabriz and sampling was done through purposeful sampling with the participation of 26 families, until the theoretical saturation was achieved.

Families are constantly striving to care for their children so that children are raised away from injury and do not engage in risky behaviors. Findings show that families follow the following triple model to take care of appearing high-risk behaviors: 1. Inefficient care strategy (lacking effective strategy); 2. Impulsive care strategy; 3. Process care strategy.

Care strategies are created, nurtured, and developed under the influence of the thoughts, attitudes, and experiences of all family members. In families that do not have the ability to make decisions to deal with important and long-term issues such as high-risk behaviors, no strategy will be created. Effective care strategies are shaped by education and socialization.

Investigating citizens' political attitudes is an issue with a special place in society because attitudes are the prelude to individuals' formation of behaviors and social actions. In this regard, a factor that seems to influence citizens' preferences and political attitudes during elections is moral foundations. In this regard, this study tries to use the moral foundations theory (MFT) (Haidt, 2001) and its impact of such foundations on the political orientations of the citizens. The statistical research population included Isfahan citizens in the spring of 2017. Via a cluster sampling technique, 599 citizens were selected as the sample size and studied using the survey method. Research results showed that while values of authority and sanctity lead citizens to turn to principled political groups, rising scores of the moral value of fairness and justice have led to a tendency toward reformism. Finally, the results indicate that, unlike the theoretical literature, the values of care and loyalty did not significantly affect the citizens' political preference.

The concept of freedom in the West is deeply influenced by the aberrant feministic though existing therein. Western freedom in all its aspects means an unhindered personal freedom from all limits and restrictions. It means total absence of impediments or rules and regulations. Obviously, such an understanding from freedom, in reality, amounts to a kind of slavery in the sense that one becomes the slave of his carnal desires, bodily and worldly temptations. Such a person is not only free but he or she languishes in the dark and suffocating prison of the material "self". Such an interpretation about woman's freedom is pervasive in Western perspective. They consider woman's freedom equal to "sexual" freedom and they stress that anything that hinders woman's sexual freedom or restricts it or deprives her of this right, is condemned and objectionable. This article briefly studies the sources and origin of definitions and the contexts of freedom of woman in the West, the present status of women in the West and the baseless motto "freedom and women's rights".