جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "معنای زندگی" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

What is important in the question of the meaning of life is the analysis of the meaning itself. In the interpretation of meaning, three points of view can be mentioned: the purpose of life; The concept of life should also be studied. Is life meant in its biological sense or does it mean the spiritual life of man as well. In this article, we examine the meaning of life from the perspective of Ghazali and Dewey. These two are considered to be educational instructors, but each of them belongs to two different views of religious tradition and modernity. Worldview and recognition of human truth are very effective in understanding the meaning of life. The meaning of life from Ghazali's point of view, which belongs to the Islamic tradition, is nearness to God and happiness in the afterlife. According to him, the basis of creation is the grace and mercy bestowed on human beings so that they can achieve perfection. But Dewey, who is considered one of the thinkers of modernity, considers the basic value of life in the practical effect of man in adapting to the environment. He is a pragmatist and believes that the criterion and value of everything is in benefit and satisfaction in action; From his point of view, progress is the meaning of life. In fact, the meaning of life for every thinker is progress, but Ghazali thinks about spiritual progress, and according to Dewey, it is material progress that gives meaning to life. Current strife between scientific and spiritual worldviews needs to be resolved, we need both sounds on the table to .understand each other, not screaming at each other

The present study aimed to investigate the organizational factors influencing the conflict between professional and family roles among female nurses during the COVID-19 pandemic. A survey method was used, and the study population included 100 women nurses from both public and private hospitals in Jiroft city, selected through the census method. The standard questionnaire used to collect data on organizational factors and work-family role conflicts was validated through face validity, and reliability was assessed through Cronbach's alpha. Results from regression analysis showed that the most important predictor of work-family role conflict among working women was organizational commitment (t=-3.695, β=-0.456). The model test demonstrated that organizational justice (β=0.47, p < 0.001), possibility of role promotion (β=0.44, p < 0.001), job involvement (β=0.73, p<0.001), organizational commitment (β=0.68, p<0.001), feeling of role importance (β=0.13, p<0.001), superior social support (β=0.7, p<0.001), coworkers' social support (β=0.63, p<0.001) and job satisfaction (β=0.62, p<0.001) had a negative and significant relationship with work-family role conflict. The regression coefficient between organizational factors and work-family role conflict was -0.31, indicating that a one-unit increase in organizational factors decreased work-family role conflict of working women by 0.31 standard deviation units.

The meaning of life is one of the biggest concerns of today's human being, which is necessitated by suffering, everyday life, emptiness, death, etc. Søren Kierkegaard, by drawing three areas in human life, considers choosing one of them as the first and most important choice of every person and believes that it is a leap from the areas of goodness and morality to the area of faith that can calm a person in the heart of sufferings and hardships and make his life give meaning In Søren Kierkegaard's view, man has a truth that this truth is his individuality, and the human person is always looking for meaning outside of himself. He considers any procrastination in life to be a loss of opportunity and he believes that a meaningful life is the passionate faith that commits a person to move to reach a certain goal. He draws three stages for man, in the light of those stages, man looks at life and measures his behavior and life in relation to that look and moves towards his goal. Allameh Tabatabai, with the help of Quranic verses, believes in two spheres, worldly and hereafter, and considers the choice of religion in the hereafter to give meaning to one's life. The result of this research is to know the areas of human life, such as "Worldly Hassani", "Worldly Morality", "Worldly Religion" and "Otherworldly Religion". The two fields of "otherworldly Hassani" and "otherworldly morality" are also defined under the "otherworldly religious" field. Another result of this research is the difference between "worldly religion" and "hereafter religion" that in "worldly religion" even though a person adheres to religious rituals, but because he performs rituals with worldly goals, this area puts him in a dead end. The world will suffer absurdity. This research has compared the meaning of life from the perspective of these two thinkers by collecting information in the form of a library of written documents and descriptive-analytical data processing method.

The aim of present research was investigate the structural equation modeling of students' boredom based on implicit theories of intelligence, meaning of life and support from perceived autonomy.

The present study was descriptive from type of correlation. The research population was secondary high school students of Tehran city in the 2018-19 academic years, which number of 400 people of them were selected as a sample by multi-stage cluster sampling method. The research tools were including the subscale of boredom to class in achievement emotion questionnaire (Pekrun et al, 2002), subscale of entity belief intelligence in implicit theories of intelligence scale (Abd-El-Fattah & Yates, 2006), meaning of life questionnaire (Steger et al, 2006) and support from perceived autonomy scale (Williams & Deci, 1996). Data were analyzed with methods of Pearson correlation coefficients and structural equation modeling in SPSS and LISREL software.

The findings showed that the model of students' boredom based on entity belief intelligence, meaning of life and support from perceived autonomy had a good fit. The other findings showed that the entity belief intelligence had a direct and positive effect on students' boredom and meaning of life and support from perceived autonomy had a direct and negative effect on students' boredom (P<0.05).

The results showed the direct effect of entity belief intelligence, meaning of life and support from perceived autonomy on students' boredom. Therefore, to reduce students' boredom can be designed and implemented programs to decrease the entity belief intelligence and increase meaning of life and support from perceived autonomy.

The aim of this research was to investigate the relationship between dimensions of family communication patterns(conversation and conformity)and the meaning in life(presence of meaning and search for meaning).The research sample included 120 first period high school students in Shiraz(60 girls and 60 boys)who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling. The data collected by questionnaire of family communication patterns (Fitzpatrick and Ritchie, 1990) and the meaning in life questionnaire (Steger, 2010). Cronbach's Alpha was calculated to examine reliability of the measures. The power of dimensions of family communication patterns (conversation and conformity) was examined in predicting the meaning in life (presence of meaning and search for meaning) by using correlation test and simultaneous regression analysis. According to the results of this study, the dimensions of family communication patterns were able to predict the search for meaning and the strongest prediction was related to the conversation dimension (p <0.05), but the presence of meaning was not predictable by the dimensions of family communication patterns. Whereas, proper communication of family members plays an important role in creating a search for meaning in children, it can be strengthened to increase meaning in life.

I formulate my research question as "Is the claim of naturalists justified that the discussion of the "possibility of meaningful life" is dependent on scientific achievements, especially modern physics?". In this regard, two concepts are distinguished from each other: one is "the meaning of the life of Humans (homo sapiens)" in the universe (in short, "the meaning of life") and the other is "meaning in the life of any specific human" (in short, "meaning in life"). Then, based on the two mentioned concepts, the two corresponding challenges, which the naturalists have raised for the purposefulness of the world and the meaning of human life, are described and investigated: the first issue is related to the findings and models of modern cosmology regarding the history and destiny of the universe, and the second issue is related to the determinism/indeterminism controversy in physics, especially quantum mechanics. In this article, the claim of naturalists to deny the possiility of meaning of life (the first concept) is examined and criticized in detail, then it is shown that, contrary to the claim of naturalists, the defense of the possibility of meaning in life (the second concept) in no way requires the indeterministic interpretation of quantum mechanics and its extension to the macroscopic world. While criticizing and rejecting negative approaches to the issue of meaning in life in the deterministic world, positive approaches in this regard are described and examined.

Nowadays, Marijuana use is one of the today’s social issues. Official reports show the increase of marijuana use in Iran. The aim of this study is to investigate the biological experience of marijuana use among the young people in Rasht, Iran. 

Methods and Data:

 This study was conducted qualitatively with a phenomenological approach. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews of 20 young people in Rasht with a history of marijuana use and selected by purposive sampling and they were analyzed using the thematic method. 

Several themes were extracted from the interviews, including moving towards selection, forming repetition, sense of responsibility and position, and confrontation, how the youth of Rasht use their actions to define the meaning of life and express their conceptual views about it. 

This study shows that the actors choose Marijuana due to their perception of the functions of its use and the situations that this use provides for them. Marijuana consumption does not play a role in the meaninglessness of actors' lives, but it can be a conscious behavior according to the requirements of life and overcoming repetition, which lead them to choose it so that they can give meaning to their lives in their own opinions. 

Key Message: 

The desire to consume Marijuana in the interviewees—despite the social moral standards and the resulting anxiety—shows that the actors are involved freely in the choice of their consumption and their action. Based on this, they can take responsibility for their choice of using marijuana.

“Finding Meaning in an Imperfect World” by Prof. Iddo Landau, is a warmly written book, rich with instances from the author's life, history, movies and literature. Prof. Landau attempts to offer new arguments and practical advice that make us become and stay alert to the already meaningful aspects of our ordinary lives and show how we can increase it, if necessary. He confronts most prevailing arguments in the literature that renders our life meaningless or insufficiently meaningful, including the arguments based on perfectionism, the existence of suffering and evil, death and total annihilation of our life and even the whole world and etc. According to Landau, these arguments can at most diminish the meaning in our life, not removing it. We, however, can still find many sufficiently meaningful aspects in our life which are ultimately related to the inherent value of our lives. The book, then, ends up building practical strategies to identify and recognize these aspects. In the current article, I will convey the argument of the book, then elaborate my take on the strategies prof. Landau utilizes this to persuade us that there are many sufficiently meaningful aspects in everyone’s life.

Conflict and emotional distress in couples can be the result of processes in the ‎couple's relationship that logotherapy seeks to weaken these processes and thereby reduce ‎unnecessary suffering for couples. The purpose of this study was study of the ‎effectiveness of training logotherapy mixed with the meaning of life basis on Molla ‎Sadra school on marital conflict. The present study was a quasi-experimental with a control group, pre-test and post-test. ‎ The statistical population of the study consisted of all couples who referred to a counseling center in Isfahan in 2019 due to marital conflict.. At first, 30 individuals were selected using available sampling method and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups.The members of the experimental group received 10 sessions of training of logothrapy mixed with the meaning of life basis on ‎Molla Sadra school. Moreover, the participants answered the Marital Conflict ‎ Questionnaire. Data were analyzed using analysis of univariate covariance. The results showed that training of logothrapy mixed with the meaning of life basis on ‎Molla Sadra school significantly improved the mean scores of marital conflict in the experimental group compared to the control group . The using of training of logothrapy mixed with the meaning of life basis on ‎Molla Sadra school ‎would be useful for reducing marital conflict.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effectiveness of cognitive emotion regulation strategies on meaning in life and grief experience in bereaved adolescents. The present method was a quasi-experiment and a post-test, pre-test type. The statistical population consisted of all secondary school students in Kazeroon, among whom 20 students were selected who were experienced the grief of the immediate family by purposive sampling and randomly appointed in experimental and control groups. All participants completed the Grief Experience Questionnaire (GEQ) and the Meaning in Life (MIL) in the pre-test and post-test stages. Education of cognitive emotion regulation strategies was performed in eight sessions for the experimental group, based on the Grass model (2008). indicated the significant effect of the training of cognitive regulatory strategies on the total scores of GEQ, MIL, and all components of these two variables (P <0.05), except for the search for meaning. According to the current findings, cognitive emotion regulation strategies can be suggested to increase the meaning in life and reduce the experience of grief in adolescents.

The present study investigates the meaningful factors in the life of the elderly according to the social interpretation approach. The data of this study were obtained through using in-depth interviews with purposeful sampling method and theoretical saturation criterion with 21 Elderly 68 to 81 years old in Tehran 21 district (Tehransar) and the information obtained from the interviews was coded (open and centered) and the concepts and categories were analyzed. Findings using the grounded theory approach consist of 10 categories.  The central theme of this research is divergence that in general is covered all other categories. According to the core category, two of the findings of the study are convergence and divergence as if the most important research achievement is the role of divergence (family and social) in the meaninglessness of life and the role of empathy (family and social) in the meaning of life. Factors such as health or illness, economic status and the fatefulness of the elderly are also factors Which illustrates their approach to life. At the end, the foundational theory presented in the paradigm model of marital maladjustment and divergence with spouse as the most central factor of nonsense in the life of the old men.

As our recent society is turning to senility, this research tries to analyze meaningful factors on elders' lives according to social interpretation approach. In this research, it is tried to reach a background theory through qualitative method and deep interview. Using systematic sampling and theoretical saturation scale,21 people among 68 to 81-years-old elders in Tehran, district 21 (Tehransar) were interviewed and the information received coded(open and axial)and concepts and categories reached, were analysed. The data using background theory contains 10 categories. Categorizing in this research is family adaptability that generally covered all other categories. Based on nuclear category, two cases out of data, are convergence and disparity and the most important achievement of research is the effect of convergence (family and social) on life's meaningfulness and the effect of disparity on life's meaninglessness. Factors like health or sickness, financial situation and fidelity of elders are considered underlie that shows their approach to life. Finally, basic reached theory presented in the form of paradigm, selective, adaptive and marriage.

Substance abuse is a serious and worrying threat to human society that cannot be treated without considering its relevant, underlying, and intensifying factors. The aim of this study was to model the relationship between stress and substance abuse with the mediation of meaning in life.

The present study was correlational-descriptive of structural equation modeling type. The statistical population included all students studying at Ferdowsi University of Mashhad in 2019 among which 387 students were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling. In addition to the demographic information form, participants completed the meaning in life questionnaire (Steger & Shin, 2010), the student stress survey (Ross, Neibling, & Heckert, 1999), and the simple screening instrument for substance abuse and mental illnesses (Whetten et al., 2005). The data were analyzed using Pearson correlation and structural equation modeling methods using SPSS-23 and AMOS-23 software.

The results showed that stress had a positive and significant direct effect on substance abuse and meaning in life partially mediated the relationship between stress and substance abuse.

The present study showed that stress can be one of the predictive factors related to substance abuse. Also, lack of meaning in life is an effective factor in substance abuse that should be considered in the treatment and prevention of this disorder.

The aim of this study was modelling the relations of religiousness and family emotional climate to self-efficacy for addiction withdrawal with regard to the mediating role of the meaning of life in substance-dependent women.

The present study was descriptive-correlational of structural equation modelling type. The statistical population consisted of all substance-dependent women referring to addiction treatment centers in Ahvaz in 2019. Among them, 149 individuals were selected through convenience sampling method. Participants completed the quit addiction self-efficacy inventory, the religiousness scale, the family emotional climate questionnaire, and the meaning in life questionnaire.

The results showed that religiousness had significant direct effects on self-efficacy for addiction withdrawal, but family emotional climate did not have. Religiousness and family emotional climate were significantly related to the meaning of life. In turn, the meaning of life had a significant association with self-efficacy for addiction withdrawal. Also, the indirect effects of religiousness and family emotional climate on self-efficacy for addiction withdrawal through the mediating role of the meaning of life were significant.

Based on the results, it can be said that religiousness, family emotional climate, and the meaning of life are important variables that should be considered in treatment programs to quit addiction.

AbstractIn this study, with the aim of investigating the role of the foundations of religious education in the face of existential suffering during the Corona virus epidemic, a new theoretical model was explained and introduced using the Frankenna advanced inferential research method at the highest level. In this regard, after examining the propositions of the theoretical model in question, which we called the "positive model of religious education versus existential suffering", the challenges and issues surrounding depression and existential suffering caused by this epidemic were examined and the findings indicate that. Existential suffering from the coronavirus epidemic by questioning accepted assumptions, social isolation, and suffering from the death of others pose challenges to the meaning of people's lives; Existence becomes effective.

Caring is an old and familiar concept in ethics and religion thoughts of human, but it has never been considered independently up to some decades ago. On Caring by Milton Mayeroff in 1971 was the first philosophical book written to study caring itself. The book centralized on the recognizing the concept of caring, introducing the necessary components for the development of a caring relationship, and the characteristics of a human life which is organized on the axis of caring. Mayeroff regards caring as a help to progress and the other self-realization (whether to a creative human or an idea), and he claims that caring can give order, meaning and orientation to the humans’ lives. He tries to prove the concept of his claim through definition and limitation. Indeed, the book: On Caring gives breath to caring as a core concept in the Bioethics and the Ethics of human beings. This book is the first junction of Heidegger’s concept of caring with the concept of that as treatment, the initiation of a flourishing path for the analysis of the concept of caring, and its development in the field of theorizing in the Ethics, Education, Economy and Political sciences.

This study was performed aimed to evaluate the meaning of life and cognitive distortions in students of amol institute of higher education in 2017-2018. The research approach was quantitative methodology in the form of a causal-comparative design. The statistical population included all students of Amol Institute of Higher Education in the academic year of 2017-2018. The sample in the first phase included 141 undergraduate or masters students, in the second stage, using available sampling method and screening test readiness of addiction, 100 people were selected according to their score in readiness of addiction questionnaire and was studied in two groups of people with high readiness of addiction (45) and people with low readiness of addiction (55). Statistical analysis by multivariate analysis of variance showed that between two groups of people with high and low readiness of addiction have a significant difference in the meaning of life P= 0.027 (F = 5.07), presence of meaning P= 0.046 (F= 4.08), meaning search P= 0.048 (F= 4.01) and cognitive distortions P= 0/000 (F= 25/54). can be said that meaning in life and cognitive distortions are one of the variables related to the readiness of addiction in students that should be considered in the prevention and treatment of addiction.