جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مناطق روستایی » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Physical and sports activities have a pivotal and special position in human health because they both promote metabolic activities and cardiovascular functions and improve psychological well-being.

This research was conducted with the purpose of  the role of motivation of participating in sports activities  in the social well-being and social identity of female students of the junior high school in the rural areas of Jajarm County.  . According to the purpose, this research is of an applied type, and in terms of the method of data collection and analysis, it is descriptive and correlational. The statistical population in this research consists of  200  students of the junior high school in Jajarm city. The sampling method in this research is simple random sampling based on Morgan’s table. Based on Morgan's table, 127  people were selected as sample.  Questionnaires  were  completed in person and online. In this research, sports participation motivation tools, social well-being Keys, and social identity were used. Also, in order to test the research hypotheses, simple linear regression and Pearson correlation were also employed.

The results showed that there is a significant relationship between sports participation  motivation and social well-being. Also, according to the unstandardized regression coefficient, it can be said that for one unit change in sports participation motivation, unit change in social well-being occurs. However, no significant relationship was observed between the motivation of  participating sports  activities and social identity (p = 0.765).  and social identity  and the results of the unstandardized coefficient obtained from the regression were 0.261, which was not statistically significant.

According to these results, it can be stated that the motivation to participate in sports activities is a predictor of social well-being, but it does not predict the social identity of students..

Nowadays attention to the environment is important in all parts of the country especially in rural areas. Therefore, environmental protection is considered as a public social responsibility that everyone, including the villagers contribute to. Villagers connect to environment and natural resources through their lifestyle and activity. Present study was conducted in spring 1395 with the aim of analyzing the social responsibility of villagers regarding environmental sustainability. For this purpose, descriptive-analytical methodology was used using library resources and field study (survey and questionnaire tool). The statistical population of the study consisted of 213 rural households in four districts of Khaf city. A randomized stratified sampling method was used to collect data using a researcher-made questionnaire, which was based on indicators and components of the five dimensions of social responsibility extracted from theoretical literature. Findings of this study indicate that rural households are poor in environmental, ethical and social dimensions, moderate in economic dimension, and good in legal aspects. Also, using Cooper's prioritization model, villages were ranked based on their level of social responsibility. The village of Mazraeh Sheikh obtained the highest score and the village of Barbad was ranked second. In other words, villagers living in these villages have more responsibility toward environment. Thus it can be said that in existing conditions, preservation of the environment has not formed as a social and moral concern and collective behavior among villagers. Such a situation could be due to the weakness in strict and principled implementation of environmental laws and lack of environmental awareness in rural environments.

Security, as a prerequisite for development, is the collection of interactions, co-operation and compatibility among various components of society. In addition to security, the issue of sense of security, which is related to the psyche of humans, has a special place among the people. The purpose of this study was to compare the sense of security among the residents of urban and rural areas in the city of Sari.
This research is of a descriptive-survey study that was carried out in a field study method. The statistical population of the study included 15-44-year-old people in Sari and covered villages. 390 individuals were selected as the sample of the study using the Cochran Table. The research tool is a researcher-made sense of security questionnaire with 20 items. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was employed for examining the reliability of the research. Also, content validity and face validity were used for determining the validity of the questionnaire. Inferential statistics were employed for data analysis.
Findings: The findings show that there is a significant difference between residents of urban and rural areas in terms of four dimensions of sense security (financial security, collective security, life security, intellectual security).
Sense of security is a psychosocial process which is not solely imposed on individuals, but most people in the community play a role in maintaining and eliminating sense of security based on their own interests, personality and psychological capabilities; thus, recognizing the status of the sense of security in rural and urban communities based on research findings can contribute to better planning for the balanced development of these societies

Efforts to eliminate regional disparities and imbalances and to reach access to care standards are one of the essential measures to achieve social justice and sustainable development. In this regard, the equitable distribution of health services in order to ensure public health has been a constant concern for policy makers since long time ago and have led to serious discussion about resource allocation in health. Accordingly, this study tries to assess the performance of the health sector in rural areas of the Mazandran province on the basis of the degree of access to health services. This is a basic research conducted with a descriptive analytical method it statistical population is 19 counties of Mazandaran province and. Its method for collecting information is library research, and data tables and statistics related to census conducted in 2011 in Mazandaran province. Accordingly, 14 health care indicators were extracted and by using Technique for Order Preference by similarity to Ideal Solution and SPSS software of the level of development of rural areas of Mazandaran province, access to health services was measured. The findings of the research show the unacceptable and undesirable situation of access to health services in the province. The access of rural population to health services is very unsatisfactory and there is an unfair distribution of facilities in counties, even in the most developed rural areas such as Neka (factor of 0/53) and Babolsar (factor of 0/51), results are not very satisfactory. The analysis also shows that rural areas of Mazandaran province have been disadvantaged due to the lack of the access to health facilities and resources. The results show that the balanced development of the health sector in the province requires reviewing the allocation of resources and health services, equal distribution of opportunities and enhancing the quality of services in remote areas for the purpose of land use planning. Healthy and capable human resources are considered a prerequisite for sustainable development and this requires making more efforts by authorities and integrated management along with a purposeful and effective planning to resolve imbalances.

The purpose of this applied research study is a descriptive and analytical study of social stability and the factors determining the status of among the rural women. The study population consisted of rural women constitute more than 20 families Ravansar city. Using Cochran formula, 260 of whom were selected using a multistage proportional sampling, questionnaires were distributed among the 18 villages in six districts. To analyze the data, using the software SPSS, using the Spearman correlation coefficient, Kendall's tau and phi lambda, as well as multivariate regression. The results showed that social sustainability among rural women with an average 3 Ravansar Township is moderate. Among the 14 main social sustainability indicators, three indicators of social disorder, social responsibility and social dynamics, respectively, with a coefficient of variation of 0.233, 0.236 and 0.238 are the most important women in social stability. Also multivariate regression analysis showed five independent variables of personal income, occupation, work with the group secondary, education level and income households, a total of 76.3% of the variance in the dependent variable (social sustainability of rural women Ravansar Township) can explain.

Social development and combating poverty play a major role in solving basic problems and contribute to redistributing resources and improving the efficiency of the existing foundations of society. This development is based on justice, reducing socio-economic inequalities, distribution, reducing deprivation and empowerment of the poor, which can be measured through various measures at different levels. In this study, social development in rural areas was analyzed by 52 elements in the latest official data from the Statistical Center of Iran. This study used a descriptive analytical method based on documents studies and using the Fuzzy VIKOR method to analyze the degree of social development in rural areas inHormozganProvince. The statistical community is composed of 2257 villages in 13 counties. The findings also confirm the inharmonious development of Hormozgan. The social dimension and evidence of the development gap show that the rural areas of thecounty ofBastak by a factor of 0.15 in terms of its average development component. The rural areas counties of Parsian, Haji Abad, Ciric, Abu Musa, Bandar Lengeh, Bandar Abbas and Jask were among the poorest regions in terms of social development. Also, rural areas of the counties of Qeshm, Bashagard, Rudan, Khamir and Minab were in the moderate level of development in social context. This study reveals that to achieve a desirable social development and realize relative welfare in the less developed, poor and very poor regions, we need to review the current situation, plan to increase the quantity and quality of available resources, use new capacities, new social policies and social justice in the allocation strategies.

Globalization has different effects on human life, which are more noticeable in rural areas than in cities. Thus, the present article aims to study the effects of globalization on lifestyle in rural areas. The methodology in this research is descriptive-analytical; and to collect data in the theoretical section of the study the library method has been used and in the field study questionnaires have been employed. In the present study, the residents of Roshanabad in Gorgan, composed of 24 villages, are included; using Cochran sampling method, 265 families were selected as sample. The results of the study show that the effects of globalization can be detected in all aspects and indexes of lifestyle, and according to participants in the study, some changes are occurring in lifestyle in the rural society. The regression testing indicated a Beta coefficient of 0.328 for most changes happening in lifestyle as a result of globalization. It can be said that since Iranian villages are experiencing a transition from tradition to modernity or even postmodernity, different aspects of lifestyle are somehow mingled; young people in rural areas show a tendency toward urban lifestyle while older people prefer local rural lifestyle.

This is a totally researching article which points to usage of New Medicine in rural area following the model of traditional rural small holder cooperation. The research was done in two rural areas:1. Faridan rural area in Isfahan province which consist of five kinds of population: Lor, Tork, Fars, Georgian, Christian Arab2. Selsele Rural area in Lorestan province whose inhabitance are Lak. Findings show the success of using traditional rural models in construction and management of rural hospital.

Shortage of natural and finance resources، integrated poverty، unemployment، immigration and depopulation of villages from young and efficient population، are some of disadvantages and deep rooted barriers which expanding the differences between rural and urban communities and leading the rural communities'' sustainability and development to fail consequently. Proliferation and application of such mismanagements to only aquifer Zayande-Roud water basin of central Iran in recent years، accompanied by exacerbation of climatic deficiencies and continuation of droughts، have intensified the water deficit crisis so that conducted to becoming dry the Zayande-roud River and tensing the livelihood and dwelling situations of inferior rural communities of the basin. Investigation and assessing of socio-economical and environmental impacts of this phenomenon in a completely rural region، called Baraan، located at the east of Isfahan metropolitan is the main purpose of this study. The statistical population was also all of the rural family heads populated and agriculturally occupied in the region. To gather the needed data، a detailed questionnaire was designed، validated and completed by interviewing the sample of family heads، which randomly sampled and proportionally assigned to selected villages. The main impacts of recent occurred droughts water deficiency crisis in the studied rural area، have been related to social structure، economical fundamentals and opportunities of agriculture sector and finally the environmental dimensions about the management and qualities of land resources. The dominant type of the region''s farming systems has been the integrated up to 5 hectare farms. Environmental damages and vulnerabilities due to droughts have been considerable and more significant in small size and disperse farm types. Modification of cropping pattern and application of new and more efficient irrigation and water conveyance methods، as the adaptation and compatibility approaches against the drought and water deficiency crisis، are unfortunately impossible or unperceived obligatory by many of farmers due to their demographic and farming style properties. Due to the disincentive roles of the small size integrated farms up to 5 hectare and senescence and illiteracy or low literacy of farmers، awareness، adoption and application of such innovative actions require vast and well programmed and presented extension and education services.

In this study، economic، social effective factors and government infrastructural funds on rural migration in Iran has been studied.

In order to the relationship between migration and government budgets in economic and social affairs in rural areas was investigated by autoregressive distributed lag method.

The results showed that each of economic - social and government expenditure factors have different effects on rural migration. Government strategies should tend on investments that have a positive effect on migration reduction. On the contrary، expectation can be observed in the long term by increasing the government budget in development and modernization in rural regions not only will not decrease migration، but rises. Also it is considered that the government economic budget in the agricultural sector don’t affect on reducing or not increasing migration.

According to the findings، an appropriate policy analysis in improving efficiency of government investment in rural regions is essential to reduce migration.

Globalization has indubitably caused local, national, and international sections to meet and intertwine in ways that have historically been unimaginable. The discourse of globalization has become widespread around the world with ongoing discussions surrounding its economic, cultural, technological, and political aspects and implications (Roberts, 2008). As such, globalization has been viewed through the assortment lenses of finance and trade; communications and information technologies; international movements of people; the formation of global societies; linguistic, cultural, and ideological convergence; and world systems of signs and images (Monkman and Baird, 2002; Marginson, 1999). Another issue is about globalization and culture in local level; how global culture in the local level is defined? It is a way of life - an indigenous way of life - that includes clothing, media usage, religion, language, social activity, family behaviors, eating habits, and so on. There is authentic concern that globalization of culture, with its equally huge advertising and massive force, is able to affects almost anywhere of the world, even small villages, and exert strong influence on local character and lifestyles. Therefore, this paper is going to investigate effects of cultural globalization on lifestyles in Iran. The core issue will be a comparison of urban and rural settings that have differing exposure to technologies, agents and flows of globalization. Urban and rural lifestyles will be socially differentiated following the example of Pierre Bourdieu (1984). After this, the impact of different aspects of globalization will be defined and linked to changes in people’s lifestyles. Finally, the investigation will focus on the relation of cultural globalization and socially differentiated lifestyles. The paper includes original empirical research choosing Isfahan and the surrounding rural areas as a case study. This region is a cultural zone in center of Iran. As Jan Nederveen Pieterse (2004) demonstrates on his book Globalization and culture, there are three different perspectives on cultural differentialism. In this paper these theories are examined and will find out which one can illustrate the study region, also other theories such as culture industry from Horkheimer and Adorno is used when it is necessary and combine them with this theoretical framework to get better results for the explanation of case study region and its current situation. The combination of these theories is used to reach to the final point of the paper. Cultural differentialism or lasting difference: In 1993 Samuel Huntington, as director of the institute for strategic studies at Harvard University, published a controversial article in which he argued that “a crucial, indeed a central, aspect of what global politics is likely to be in the coming years…will be the clash of civilizations…With the end of cold war, international politics moves out of its Western phase, and its centerpiece becomes the interaction between the West and none-Western civilization and among none-Western civilization.” (Nederveen Pieterse, 2004, 44). Later on Huntington (1996) expanded his thesis that the central theme of his thesis is that culture and cultural identities, which at the broadest level are civilization identities, are shaping the patterns of cohesion, disintegration, and conflict in the post-Cold War world (Huntington, 1996, 20). Cultural convergence or growing sameness: The thesis is a version of the recent idea of the world wide homogenization of societies through the influence of multinational corporations. According to the sociologist George Ritzer, McDonaldization is “the process whereby the principles of the fast-food restaurant are coming to dominate more and more of American society as well as the rest of the world”. Ritzer discusses how McDonaldization and the broader process of globalization are spreading more massively and more intensely than before into assorted social institutions such as education, medicine, the criminal justice system and more. While McDonaldization is, in itself, an important type of social change, he considers its relationship to what many observers consider to be the most important and far-reaching change of our time- globalization (Ritzer, 2004, 159). These are variations on the theme of cultural imperialism, in the form of consumerist universalism or global media influence. This line of thinking has been well-known in media studies according to which effect of American media makes for global cultural synchronization (Nederveen Pieterse, 2004, 51). Cultural hybridization or ongoing mixing: Jan Nederveen Pieterse (2004) argues that Mixing has been perennial as a process but new as an imaginary. As a perspective, it has differences basically from the preceding two paradigms. It does not build on an older theorem but it could theoretically open new windows. It is profoundly excluded from the other two paradigms. Hybridization is a solution to the cultural differentialism of racial and nationalism thesis, because it takes as its point of departure precisely those experiences that have been evicted, marginalized, tabooed in cultural differentialism. It overthrows nationalism because its privileges border crossing. It overthrows identity politics such as ethnic or other claims to purity and authenticity because it starts from fuzziness of boundaries. If modernity stands from an ethos of order and neat separation by night boundaries, hybridization reflects a postmodern sensibility of cut ‘N’mix, transgression subversion (Nederveen Pieterse, 2004). Research Since method is a basic step for reaching objectives, suitable methods must be used in each case. Because of vastness in culture and its ambiguity and as lifestyle is detectable, in this paper lifestyle instead of culture is used. Indeed, lifestyle indicates culture in an illustrative way. On the other hand, analysis of lifestyle is a way for examining globalization especially in cultural dimension (Fazeli, 2003, 154). The project proposed here will draw on Bourdieu’s study of lifestyles in France. Bourdieu (1984) established certain indicators like food, music, film, cloth and house decoration that expressed class differences and active distinctions between people in a nation state. He explained the differences and distinctions on the basis of “habitus” – stable bundles of dispositions to act in a certain way – that are formed according to social origin and the life course. Bourdieu found that people have rather clear class habitus that correspond to rather clear class positions which in turn rather clearly correspond to the social origin. These clear correspondences disintegrate with globalization. First, people can choose lifestyle elements that originate outside the nation state. Second, people’s habitus is not only and always formed within a nation state. Third, not all elements of a lifestyle relate to the national arena and to distinction within the nation state. For these reasons, the paper first has to establish indicators for lifestyles within the more traditional rural society, within the Iranian national context and within more globalized contexts. It also has to establish indicators for the impact of cultural globalization. These indicators will be established by a combination of observation and qualitative interviews. After the establishment of indicators, a survey is carried out that serves as a test. After the evaluation of the test, a combination of survey, observation and short interviews is chosen closely following the example of Bourdieu (1984). Data analysis in qualitative research methods is an ambiguous process and needs too much time. In this paper according to indices and responders, the following five steps method for analyzing has been used: 1- Arranging data: in this step data are noted continuously and for several time, events and quotations are surveyed to find a way for summarizing and compacting data. 2- Classifying the data to main subjects: according to the answers, we classify data to main subjects in a way that data which have same meaning place in same group. This group will be made from responders’ points of view, urban and rural community will be categorized in separated groups. The answers and the groups will demonstrate their lifestyles. 3- Examine hypothesizes: in this step, pattern and relation will be examined and hypothesis will be confirmed or rejected. 4- Looking for justification of this data: after defining relation among data, they will be connected with main theory that gets from theoretical framework. In this step we look for the justification of the data and compatibility with the theories. 5- Writing the report: writing data is a part of analyzing process. In this process raw data will be analyzed until they have clarity and meaning in main subject. In this part we look for the main point of the thesis and try to justify and explain it. Discussion of Results & As it stated in the introduction, the purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of cultural globalization in rural area and compare it with urban area, not only between these two regions but also amongst different social groups by following the example of Bourdieu (1984). The theoretical model of the paper was designed according to the cultural globalization theory from Nederveen Pieterse (2004) to find out that which theories can explain the region of study. Culture industry theory from Horkheimer and Adorno for the explanation and justification of the data analyzing is illustrated. The paper has attempted to critically analyze several sites of discourse on the issues surrounding cultural globalization. By take a look to the analyzing part of the paper and the whole data which are included the interviews and also explaining the theories in cultural globalization theories and cultural differentialism; it could be understood that the third paradigm which is glocalization and hybridization could illustrate and be fit and explain the case study region. The results also show the fact that the link between cultural globalization and local lifestyle cannot only be explained by glocalization and hybridization theories but also other theories are needed to explain the exact facts in the case study; these theories could be culture industry and media globalization. This means, for instance, in the one hand the diversity of national or regional lifestyle and tradition in the region of study has still strong power, and on the other hand the power of globalization and media diversity is affecting people’s lifestyle; the front line of this process are young people and specially students in both rural and urban areas.

This research is on the effective factors influencing on the participation of women and girls in development of rural areas in Farsan Villages. The sample size is chosen through 370 ones in four villages populated more than 1000 households families.The results show that the increased level of education influences on women's and girl's participation in development. There is a significant relationship between occupation, income, conciseness with tendency toward participation.And generally there is a signifiacnt relationship between sociocultural factors and participation in rural areas.

Based on islamic republic 20 years peospective, development of villages should not be such that civilization in villages replace bye village development. But by giving identity to village, become welfare, handling relations in village development framework should play affected role in true village development. In other wordsT modification of planning view in development in villages should be ordered, civilizaion village view is replaced bye aligned development view in villages. This paper investigate the development in villaged, its role in realization the purposes in country as a case study in province khorasan.

In economic development literature, there is a relationship between productivity growth and income inequality and this is referred to as Kuznets inverted U. In other words,in first stages, there is a direct relationship between productivity growth with income inequality but later this relatioship becomes reverse. Nowadays, economists’ studies show that government policies including investment in human capital and research and development expenditures, not only have an effect on economic growth and productivity, but also they affect the proper distribution and reduction of income inequality. Accordingly, the structural factors cause Kuznets curve bends back quickly and with increasing the productivity, income inequality reduces. Because of the importance of this issue, in this study, using regression models with wide intervals (ARDL) and considering a period of thirty years (1358-1387) as time series, the relationship between income inequality and productivity growth in the presence of structural factors such as R & D spending and human capital in rural areas has been investigated. According to the results, human capital and research expenditures, internal development, research capital accumulation and international development, each with coefficients of 11 / 0 08 / 0, has a significant impact on reducing income inequality in rural areas and Kuznets hypothesis which states that there is an Inverted U relationship between total productivity growth and income inequality in rural areas and agriculture in the period of study is not voidable.

Culture is the most important issue affecting the development of human societies. The term of cultural development is common in recent years and can give an end to the conflict between tradition and modernity, between places and habitat. The purpose of this study is to identify and analyze the development process in rural areas after culture. Central County of Rostam Township can be remarkable in terms of great capabilities, especially in agriculture and patient talent strategic location and it’s potential. Population statistics in this study included 53 villages of central county of Rostam township. Method used in this study, is descriptive method – analysis. Method of data collection is library – documents and field studies too and for data analysis software SPSS and Arc GIS and in analysis and assumptions to achieve the result of “Morris inharmonious index”. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the level of villages having a population conditions and cultural facilities. Between planning and social conditions of cultural geography found no significant relationship. Also, there was no significant relationship between social and geographical factors and cultural planning.