جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « ناسازی » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The present study aimed to explore the concept of social trauma and its implications for habit formation from a sociological perspective with a particular emphasis on Bourdieu’s theories of field, habitus, and Hysteresis. Bourdieu, a prominent sociologist, has provided experimental explanations of various social fields and their deconstructions, which can be understood as traumatic situations from a sociological standpoint. According to Bourdieu, in conditions of individual and social stability, change occurs gradually and predictably, likening each person to a "fish in water." This suggests that habit and field are in harmony with each other, forming what Bourdieu termed habitus. The habitus, or embodied dispositions, is in a constant state of flux in response to new experiences. However, in critical moments or when the structure of the field undergoes significant changes, the habitus may struggle to adapt to these fundamental and sometimes catastrophic shifts, leading to a state of disorganization. This disorganization reflects the disparity between the new situations arising from changes in the field and the agents within the field, who must comprehend and navigate the new landscape. This process of disintegration as described by Bourdieu is closely related to the concept of social trauma. The term "trauma," derived from the Greek word "traumat," meaning to wound, is often used interchangeably with post-traumatic stress disorder. In essence, the new situations that emerge within the field can become traumatic, leaving a profound gap in both the field and habitus.‎

This study employed a qualitative approach grounded in theory. Data collection and analysis were conducted by using purposeful sampling and the technique of semi-structured interview with the citizens of Tabriz in the year of 1402. The targeted sampling method utilized in this research aimed at achieving maximum diversity with the inclusion criteria encompassing a range of factors, such as gender, age, residential area (prosperous, marginal, middle-class), marital status, education, occupation, and income.

The findings revealed that the field of social trauma exhibited an inescapable hysteresis of economic capital, devaluation of cultural capital, and a crisis in social capital. These factors contributed to the formation of habitus characterized by hopelessness, fear of the future, inner turmoil, and a sense of inadequacy. These elements in a dialectical interplay exacerbated the distortions within the field and habituation, rendering the situation more complex and precarious.Ultimately, the research findings indicated that the activists were situated within a field of social trauma and disintegration marked by fundamental crises in the realms of economy, culture, and society. Accessing economic resources had become nearly unattainable, while cultural capital had lost its influential role in enhancing individuals' status. Consequently, people had become isolated, their social connections had dwindled, and the activists had experienced alienation. This had resulted in a loss of social trust and diminished social participation. Therefore, life in this traumatic field, contrary to Bourdieu's perspective, which posits disturbances as temporary (though historically accurate), had engendered enduring traumatic habits, such as despair, a sense of helplessness, and emotional distress. The dialectical relationship between the traumatic field and traumatic habits had contributed to the deterioration of the social trauma field and, in accordance with Foucault's views, had led to the erosion of humanity and the human experience.

 Divorce rate has been growing in recent years in Iran, resulting in an increase in the number of women and men involved with the post-divorce consequences. In the last five years, more than 800,000 divorces have taken place in Iran, meaning more than one and a half million men and women underwent divorce.A brief look at the literature of this field shows that despite the importance of the family system and the damage caused by divorce, there has been little sociological research in Iran on this issue with the adoption of qualitative approaches, and the few existing researches, all of which have used quantitative approaches, generally focus on negative effects of divorce on children, and little research has been conducted on the effects of divorce on the life of divorced men and women. Thus, the study of how divorced subjects encounter the consequences of divorce and the ways in which they rebuild their lives after divorce is a commonly neglected domain in Iranian sociology. The purpose of this study is to investigate the typology of life reconstruction patterns of post-divorce life. The present research is devoid of a predetermined theoretical framework and subsequent hypotheses. But the sensitive theoretical concepts of this research are largely influenced by Bourdieu's theories on the different types of capital, habitus, and hysteresis. The present study is based on qualitative methodology and case study method. As such, by adopting a qualitative approach and semi-structured in-depth interview technique, we study the ways in which divorced subjects go through post-divorce reconstruction of their lives. This research also seeks the typology of a variety of patterns of reconstructing life after divorce. A type is a set of states or individuals that share at least one feature of the study. The results of in-depth interviews with 36 divorced women and men in Tehran revealed four patterns of post-divorce reconstruction based on the subjective and objective specifications of respondents.These patterns include progressive reconstruction, two patterns of dual and transitional reconstruction, and retrograde reconstruction.Based on this, the individuals in the first category have favourable subjective and objective conditions after divorce and consider divorce as an act to improve their quality of life, and by taking an active and progressive approach ahead, they rebuild their lives successfully.But those who manifest the dual rebuilding patterns generally suffer from the hysteresis between the subjective and the external object, and if this incompatibility is resolved, they will be able to move towards either the first or the fourth reconstruction pattern in the future.Eventually, for subjects in the retrograde reconstruction category, the divorce event led to a backward and retrogressive motion due to their disadvantaged mentality and objectivity in dealing with post-divorce life.The findings also show that the subjective barriers to reconstructing life after divorce include: lack of psychological and emotional detachment from the ex-spouse, negative emotions and orientations towards divorce, traditional habitus, being non-religious, negative feedback of divorce among "significant others”.On the other hand, objective obstacles to the reconstruction of life after divorce include: old age at the time of divorce, unemployment, the lack of access to economic, social, and cultural capitals, having a child, long length of the marriage and short length of the post-divorce period.In addition, the subjective facilitators of post-divorce reconstruction include: psychological and emotional detachment from the ex-spouse, positive emotions and orientations towards divorce, modern habitus, being religious, positive feedback of divorce among "significant others”, and objective facilitators of post-divorce reconstruction include: young age at the time of divorce, employment, having access to a variety of economic, social, and cultural capitals, not having a child, short length of the marriage and long length of the post-divorce period.The findings of this study revealed that divorce causes many changes and challenges in various aspects of the life of the actors. Divorce requires emotional, sexual, psychological, economic, and social detachment. Compatibility with such detachments and efforts to create new connections leads to the success of actors in the process of reconstructing life after divorce. The results of this study showed that divorce can be considered both a threat and an opportunity for the lives of actors, and it depends on the subjective and objective factors that play the role of barriers and facilitating conditions in the process of reconstructing life after divorce.Hence, the actors who have more facilitating conditions are more likely to be in the category of progressive reconstruction than others, and subjects that have barriers and disadvantaged mental and objective conditions generally undergo a passive and retrograde reconstruction.Based on the findings of the present research, it seems that to reduce the divorce traumas and facilitate the reconstruction of post-divorce life, one can use three categories of solutions, including economic, cultural, and social solutions, as well as educational and supportive strategies.It is also important to consider the individual backgrounds of the actants in allocating strategies. For instance, Supportive and educational solutions are more vital for the actors who have divorced recently, or economic strategies are more essential for women and especially those who do not have sufficient economic, social, and cultural capital or have custody of their children. Identification of different types of exposure of the actants during reconstruction, demonstrates the amount and the type of the required support to reduce their trauma. Therefore, this research emphasizes the need for doubled support and empowerment of the individuals involved with the retrograde reconstruction pattern in intervention programs.

Academic alienation, as one of the forms of alienation mean the separation of students from the learning process and the experience of isolation from a school or college group that a person must belong to it or be involved in it. The present study tries to analyze the academic alienation and its dimensions among university students on the one hand and the relationship between repugnance at the level of off-campus field and alienation on the other hand. Present study was carried out using a survey method. Data was collected using self-administered questionnaire. The statistical population of the study were students of Mazandaran University. A sample size of 390 students were selected as respondents using a stratified sampling method proportional to the size based on the Cochran formula. Findings of the research showed that there is a positive correlation between off-campus indices (job ambiguity, credentialism, dignity crisis) and dependent variable of academic alienation. Also, testing research theoretical model indicated that the off-campus field along with its components, explained %49 of changes in academic alienation. Based on findings and theoretical framework -Bourdieu's theory of Hysteresis- off-campus fields (job ambiguity, credentialism, dignity crisis) fits students’ habitus in balanced conditions. But when off-campus fields change, the habitus loses its versatility in conditions of imbalance and this state of disorder leads to academic alienation. In fact, students see themselves at risk due to the imbalance of the fields that surround them, and their reaction to collapse in academic fields is academic alienation.

Educational or academic alienation as one of the forms of alienation mean the separation of students from the learning process and the experience of isolation from a school or college group that a person must belong to it or involved in it. The present study tries to analyze the relationship Hysteresis between internal academic field and alienation among Mazandaran University was academic. The present study tries to analyze the academic alienation. The method is survey and questionnaire was used for collecting data. Statistical population consists of all students of the University of Mazandaran in the academic year 94-95 .we selected 390 students by Cochran formula as sample with classified sampling. The theoretical framework of this study is the theory of Bourdieu's incompatibility (Hysteresis). After collecting the data, the research hypothesis examined in two levels of descriptive and inferential statistics by SPSS and AMOS packages. According to the results of Pearson's correlation coefficient between internal university field (restricting norms, weak educational sociability) with dependent variable (academic alienation), there is a positive and direct impact. With the theoretical model test research of structural equation methods (AMOS), it was also internal academic field, accompanied their indexes, and could show % 40.of independent variable (academic alienation) changes.

Neighborhood is among the most important social units. It can strengthen the local social ties among the urban residents. On the other hand, it can cause suffering among the neighbors. In this paper, using Bourdiue’s concepts of field and habitus, we have attempted to describe and explain neighborhood problems among Tehrani residents. We have used a qualitative method to conduct this research. Applying interviewing technique we have tried to provide a clear picture of neighboring conflicts and its consequences. Our findings show that most of the residents have some experience of disagreement and quarrels with the neighbors. Quarrels among the neighbors, causing inconvenice, and lack of mutual empathy are only part of the problems in the region under studied.