جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "border" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

One of the most crucial aspects of a country's national security is its border policy. The Caucasus region holds significant geopolitical and strategic importance, making it a focal point for military, security, and political competition among regional and extra-regional geopolitical powers. It has been converted. In recent years, Azerbaijan has consistently attempted to seize control of the Zangzor Corridor, located on the shared border between Iran and Armenia, or to alter its existing boundaries. This article seeks to use the qualitative approach and the method of qualitative content analysis to investigate the role of the possible change of the borders of the Republic of Azerbaijan on the national security of the Islamic Republic of Iran in a scientific and systematic way. The research results have been classified and analyzed in the form of 153 open codes and finally, six categories in the field of military security, which include the increase in military costs and arms races, the change in the military geography of the region and the expansion of the military influence of the Zionist regime, the presence of NATO in the region, the increase in tension and the possibility of military conflict and the expansion of American military influence. These are among the categories affecting the military security of Iran.

In addition to the class gap, Iran's border regions also suffer from regional spatial injustice. In the field of social justice and urban spatial justice, a lot of quantitative research has been done in various fields of social sciences, urban planning, etc., but regional spatial justice" has been neglected. This research examines social policies regarding the development of border regions with an emphasis on regional spatial justice with the qualitative method of critical discourse analysis with the Farclough-Laclave and Mouffe approach at the levels of description, interpretation and explanation.In the post -revolution  5-year development plans, there is no article or note regarding the development of border areas, except, a  part of Article 204 of the Fifth Development Plan, which deals with investment and sustainable livelihood of border dwellers and border industrial towns. Social policies and development plans after the revolution, influenced by layering discourses. in the upper layer, fixed supra-discourse of the government of the Islamic Revolution stands, while in the middle layer, there are variable government discourses, and in the inner layer, there are development discourses. This layering creates a discourse order in which development plans for border areas are articulated as plans emphasizing on regional spatial justice. In these social policies, which are under influence of ideological- discursive formulation, posterior and distributive justice was preferred to a priori and procedural justice. But, the development of Iran's border regions with an emphasis on regional spatial justice, requires a combined approach of procedural-distributive justice and the rule of  an evolutionary discursive  order  instead of   an antagonistic one.

In general, the relevant institutions consider a series of issues and problems facing smuggling and its examples various legal challenges. Therefore, the purpose of the present research is to understand the legal challenges of the Border Guard in implementing the mission of combating the smuggling of goods with an emphasis on Kurdistan province.

In terms of the type of achievement, the present research was applied, and according to the research method, it was a descriptive-analytical qualitative study. Data analysis was done through interviews with 17 experts in the form of thematic analysis. The statistical population included legal experts and border guards. Sampling was done purposefully and using the snowball method.

The findings of the current research indicated the existence of legal challenges for the Border Guard Command in preventing and dealing with smuggling in three sections: "legal challenges," "judicial challenges," and "executive challenges," which were counted through interviews with selected experts.

The result of the research indicates that the legal challenges are "weakness in the legal element of the crime of illegal movement across the borders," "ambiguity of the border security regulations," and "vacuum in determining the rights of organizations in dealing with border affairs." Judicial challenges include "weak judicial response to violations of border security," "lack of judicial support and support for border guards," and "judges not using experts and specialists in smuggling cases." The implementation challenges include "the problem of violation of border security," "weakness in the economic and welfare infrastructure of the region," "unilateral control of the border," "lack of proper interaction of the relevant organizations," "weakness of training of border agents," "lack of consistent employment new technologies at the border."

The main pillar of national security is to have borders with stable security. This study was prepared in terms of practical purpose, in terms of mixed methods and in terms of collecting statistics and information in the field and through interviews and questionnaire tools. The research participants in the qualitative part included 18 experts from the Faraja border police, Faraja air police and Faraja drone police who were selected by a purposeful judgment method. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The statistical community of the quantitative part of the experts of Faraja specialized police, border guard command, Faraja air force and UAV and there are 72 people who were selected as the members of the statistical sample of the qualitative part and answered the valid and valid questionnaire of the researcher. In this research, the thematic analysis method was used in MAXQDA software to analyze the qualitative data, and SPSS software was used for the descriptive and inferential analysis of the data obtained from the quantitative part. The findings led to the identification of 29 basic themes, 15 organizing themes and 3 comprehensive themes in order to identify new border monitoring methods with emphasis on new technologies. The results showed that the universal themes identified in the form of 1- aerial, 2- optical and 3- electronic methods can play a significant role in border monitoring and are suitable predictors for the technological monitoring of the borders of the Islamic Republic of Iran. be considered

Background and Achieving intelligence aristocracy requires a series of measures that make it possible for various security institutions, including the border guard, to obtain news and information, of environmental conditions, and increase the quality, speed and the accuracy of border guards' decisions and operations has a positive effect and reduces operational costs and increases community satisfaction. According to these cases, the main goal of this research is to know the approaches to the promotion of intelligence elites in the border regiment of Paveh. The research method used in this research is qualitative, which was used to collect data from individual semi-structured interviews and text (note taking). The statistical population of the research consisted of 21 experts in the field of border guarding and intelligence, who were selected through the purposeful sampling method, data analysis was done using thematic analysis method. The findings showed that the promotion of information aristocracy in the studied area has two approaches, internal and external, which were obtained by exploratory analyzes on the data, for the mentioned approaches there are 63 basic themes, 12 organizing themes and 4 comprehensive themes. under the title of the category process, structure, technology and environment were identified, and these four categories correspond to the effective measures in promoting the intelligence elites of the Paveh border regiment. according to the obtained results; and taking into account the environmental, cultural, political and security conditions of Paveh Border Regiment, the best effective method in promoting intelligence elites in this region is a combination of information, technological, management, and networking methods. And it is structural. In order to implement this important issue, it is suggested to improve the level of recognition of border guard commanders and managers at different levels in the future plans of the border guard command.

Today, new technologies in the control and monitoring of borders have opened new horizons for the countries of the world regarding the preservation and protection of their borders, and turning to new technologies in their monitoring and control can provide the means of neutralizing threats. The present study investigates the role of new technologies in preventing smuggling in the borders of Kurdistan province.

Research method and statistical population: In terms of purpose, this research is applied in a quantitative type with a descriptive-survey research method using a questionnaire with a 5-point Likert scale after verifying its validity and reliability to examine the items among 70 employees of the border control command. Kurdistan province distribution and obtained data were analyzed in the form of SPSS software with Friedman and Chi-square test estimates.

Based on the research findings, night vision cameras, drones and thermal cameras have the highest function in terms of controlling and monitoring borders and preventing smuggling in the border strip of Kurdistan province, and radars and GIS technology can also be effective in this field and lower positions. They are compared to the previously mentioned technologies.

New control and monitoring technologies can play a decisive role in preventing the smuggling of goods in border areas. These technologies with high accuracy and efficiency can minimize human error and damage and play an effective role in preventing, identifying and dealing with smuggling from the entry and exit points of the borders of Kurdistan province.

 Due to geographical, economic and political reasons, the border areas have faced various complexities and various problems, so that extensive centralization has slowed down the governance process in the border areas and issues such as inappropriate distribution of biological resources, geographical inequalities, unbalanced access to services and infrastructure national issues, the distance between the center and the periphery, the issue of access and transportation, the challenges of natural and water resources, the biological capacities of the border areas for settlement and human development, etc. be located geographically. Good governance is one of the emerging concepts that, due to its constructive role in improving the political management of space in different countries, it can provide a suitable solution for the optimal management of the complex and different geography of border regions. with the aim of identifying and evaluating the geographical factors affecting the formation of good governance and to investigate the issue of how geographical factors have been effective in the formation of good governance in the border regions of Iran in a descriptive and analytical way? The findings of this research show that the role and influence of geography (in both human and natural dimensions) has been significantly neglected in the processes of governance in Iran's border areas, and this issue in turn has caused fundamental weaknesses in The process of statehood and management of border areas has become the result of which can be seen in numerous challenges and crises of security, economic, social and... border areas.

One of the important resources in any organization is the forces within the organization. In order to properly use this resource, it is necessary to know the quality and ability to improve and the potential ability of the working forces in the organization. Damages, issues and problems and necessary information about them should be collected. In case of proper design, the obtained information can accurately and correctly reveal the weaknesses and strengths of the forces within the organization.In this research, the factors of mental, physical, psychological and social injuries of the human force were investigated in the variables of: training of employees, leadership style, job dissatisfaction of employees and lack of well-being and good living, and ten injuries were included in this research. : Absenteeism at work, abuse of job position, drug use, negligence of employees, bribery of employees, extortion, moral crimes and abominations of employees and their corruption.The type of applied research and descriptive research method is survey. Research data has been collected through information questionnaire. The statistical population includes the employees of Raz and Gholaman border regiment (North Khorasan province), including commanders, deputies, chiefs, supervisors, senior officers, and non-commissioned officers, totaling fifty people.The time domain of this research is 1391. which has been analyzed by using inferential statistics (T-Tech test) to analyze the questions and hypotheses of the research.

This article investigates that in what discourse the social issues of the border dwellers do not become problematic. We have chosen the theory of Orientalism (internal) in order to explain the non-problematization of social issues. According to this theory, the general approach of the center is alienation in the peripheral (border) areas, and by creating dualities (linguistic, ethnic and religious), it attempts to securitization of space and implement the policy of assimilation. The general research method is the historical-documentary method. The analysis of media representation shows that out of 781 search items (from 2000 to 2021), the most news about the economic field with 456 news (58%), followed by the security field with 283 news (36%) and then the social and cultural issues of the border dwellers are only 28 news (3.5%), which is an indication of the non-existence of the social issues of the border dwellers. According to the findings, the most prominent social issues of the border areas are massive migrations, the existence of multidimensional poverty, high illiteracy rate, educational situation and inappropriate health treatment situation. The main issue in the current policies is, first, the approach of alienation, and at a lower level, the emphasis is on economic factors and solutions. Economic solutions have not been successful due to weak laws and implementation defects. The suggestion of this research is to adopt a pluralistic approach and simultaneously pay attention to the internal capabilities of bordering regions, villages and cities, such as paying attention to the agricultural economy, expanding welfare services (educational and health), expanding the individual capabilities of people and paying attention to the social development of these areas.

Today, according to the role, importance and position of the border in political geography, as well as in determining the limits of jurisdiction and sovereignty of governments on the one hand and their management to protect the country on the other hand, it can be considered as one of the most critical parameters and effective indicators about border security and preventing challenges existing in the border areas. In this regard, border management is considered one of the most important topics in political studies, despite the consequences of the globalization era, border control and management on both national and transnational scales have been wholly affected, so far, many views and theories have been formed directly and indirectly in this regard. Therefore, to better recognize and understand these related and generalizable views and theories in border management at both national and transnational scales, the present research seeks to answer the question of what the existing theories and views related to border management at national and international scales. Aspects have differences and similarities. Therefore, the current research was conducted with a fundamental-theoretical objective and descriptive-analytical method. In the analysis of the data, an attempt has been made to address the most important differences and similarities arising from the existing opinions on border management on both national and transnational scales. Based on this, the results of the research indicate that the best and most desirable approach to border management at the national scale is the "integrated and comprehensive" approach to the border, and at the transnational scale, the "coordinated and integrated border management" approach and its application by A few countries in the world can be considered as the most efficient point of view to ensure global security and away from violence and border security threats

Assessing the effects of residents of border villages are among the primary actors of border areas with a limited role in border control. With the changes that have taken place in recent decades, especially globalization and increased movement of people and goods, the control of the borders of the countries has become significantly more difficult and the life and financial costs imposed on the governments have increased significantly. Since national security, interests and identity are closely related to the security of borders and border areas and their optimal control, governments try in different ways to improve their border control by adopting strategies. One of the leading strategies in this field is the cultural development of residents of border villages. Based on this, the present article tries to answer the question of whether there is a relationship between the cultural development of border village residents and the improvement of border control with the descriptive-analytical method and based on library and field findings. To answer this question, indicators of cultural development were extracted from different theories and perspectives and 30 relevant indicators were considered using statistical analysis methods in the SPSS software environment. The results show that there is a significant relationship between the indicators of cultural development and the improvement of border control. Based on this, in general, it can be said that the cultural development strategy of residents of border villages has the necessary efficiency to improve border control, and it can also provide the basis for reducing life and financial costs along the borders. Based on this, this strategy has been approved and it is suggested to be used by the authorities to improve the control of the country's borders.great-oriented management on sustainable security Case study: border villages of Marivan and Sarovabad counties 

Proper location of military checkpoints is one of the important issues in defense planning, which can increase the efficiency and effectiveness of these centers in times of crisis and military threats. Knowing the surroundings in the border areas can help in planning and establishing checkpoints in the border areas. Therefore, this study evaluates the role of geographical factors (human and natural) with emphasis on natural factors on the location of checkpoints in the border areas of Lotfabad, Nokhandan and extortionists; In order to achieve the purpose of the research, according to the study of articles and documents of the predecessors and with the approval of relevant experts in the field of geographical and military sciences from various data such as topography, geology, soil science, geomorphology, flood Rise, distance, distance from the border, distance from the fault and ASTER satellite images have been used to prepare slope and slope direction maps and climatic data such as glaciation, wind and rain due to lack of access to information. Comprehensive studies were omitted in this regard. In order to identify suitable areas for the establishment of checkpoints along the border between Iran and Turkmenistan, maps and information layers related to the above 11 geographical criteria were evaluated using the FAHP model in an integrated approach with the geographic information system. . Finally, using the fuzzy overlap model and AHP, the final map of the optimal location of border checkpoints was determined as part of the study area of ​​Khorasan Razavi, which was determined according to political divisions including Lotfabad, Nokhandan, and Bajgiran. The results showed that the appropriate locations are north (Nokhandan) and west (tax collectors). In general, as we move from west to east and from north to south, it is possible to find suitable locations for border checkpoints. It becomes less.

Iran Due to its long borders and multiplicity of neighbors, Iran has always had issues related to border control in border issues. An overview of the border areas of the country shows several factors that challenge the control of the country's borders and provide the basis for many problems that by better understanding and understanding them can be a step to reduce these problems and better improve the country's borders. Controlled. The present study aims to apply the factors affecting border control in Khorasan Razavi province with Afghanistan with the purpose of application and descriptive-analytical method. Two sections of library and survey have been used to collect information. The statistical population of the study consisted of 55 experts in the fields of political geography, political science and border guards. In the next section, SPSS and PLS software were used to analyze the findings of the questionnaire. The results of field findings in the T-test section showed that the overall border control index based on the dimensions formed with an average score of 3.55 showed a positive effect of the proposed dimensions on border control in the study area. In the findings related to the partial least squares (PLS) method, the path coefficients for economic and social dimensions with 0.248 and 0.244 scores have the highest correlation and for demographic and political dimensions with 0.178 and 0.191 scores, respectively. With border control.

The existence of long borders of Khorasan Razavi province with Afghanistan (297 km) and the topography of the land in the border areas on the one hand and the inadequacy of human and physical methods on the other hand indicate the inefficiency of border control. The purpose of this study is to evaluate the measures to control illegal traffic in the Taybad Border Regiment so that policymakers can be aware of the results of the measures, and have the correct orientation in spending funds and resources to control borders and avoid wasting resources. The research is descriptive-survey in terms of method and applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of the study was 85 commanders and managers of Taybad Border Regiment and the sample size was determined by Morgan table of 70 people. Data were collected by a valid researcher-made questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha 0.88) and analyzed using confirmatory structural equation and Pearson correlation tests. By examining the model by measuring the factor loads, the AVE coefficient for all structures was calculated to be more than 0.5, which indicates the high convergent validity for the research variables. The combined reliability coefficient for all structures is calculated above 0.7, which indicates the internal stability of the measurement models. The results of Pearson test also showed that the highest correlation (0.949) is between the component of social factors and equipment and technical and electronic devices and the lowest (0.192) is between the component of physical facilities and social factors. The results showed that physical and non-physical measures were more important in terms of evaluating control measures for illegal traffic in Taybad border area, respectively. And strengthening them can lead to better control over these traffic.

Border provinces have a very important role in the development and security of the country; So that both in the export and import sector in the border bottlenecks are very important and in defense of external threats act as a shield for the whole country. Meanwhile, rural areas as the smallest cells of the territorial space are very important in consolidating the role and nature of border provinces. Examining the development situation and identifying the development pattern among the border provinces will help the officials and statesmen to understand the main issues of the rural areas of the border provinces and take steps to improve the development indicators. Accordingly, in the present study, the spatial ranking and analysis of the border provinces of the country has been done based on 20 main indicators of rural development. The research method is descriptive-analytical and the required data has been collected from the Statistics Center. The tools and methods used for data analysis included Excel and GIS software as well as fuzzy methods and hot spot analysis. The results show that the border provinces have different status based on 20 indicators and the rural areas of Ilam (0.709534) and Hormozgan (0.132092) provinces have the first and last ranks, respectively. The results also showed that rural areas based on the indicators used, located in the northwestern provinces of the country have a better situation than villages located in the southern and southeastern provinces of the country. Finally, according to the research findings, it is suggested that spatial justice be established between rural areas of border provinces and the development of rural areas in the southern and southeastern provinces of the country, especially Sistan and Baluchestan and Baluchestan as a priority for the development of provinces. The border of the country.

Governments have recognized cyberspace, after the three domains of  their national territories,  as the fourth realm of their national sovereignty but some elements of nation-states including borders have not yet emerged in cyberspace. This study aims at examining the feasibility of generalizing the border phenomenon from real space to cyberspace and the necessity of this generalization, and providing a clear definition of cyber border. Then, the requirements for the realization of borders in cyberspace, including the methods of demarcation in this space and the feasibility of technical realization of cyber borders, are examined. In terms of its purpose, this study is an exploratory-descriptive research with qualitative data collected through library method and analyzed qualitatively. Findings show that not only is the existence of borders in cyberspace possible, but also due to the types of hard and soft threats in cyberspace, their necessity is double that of the real space. As a result of the remarkable developments of the cyberspace era, the real meaning and main functions of border have not changed while merely some methods of border demarcation and border guarding in information and communication technology have undergone some considerable changes. Accordingly, the borders of cyberspace like those of the real space have established the boundaries of the sovereignty of nation-states in digital space and, in accordance with certain rules, prevent the hard and soft threats of cyberspace.

The borders of Iran and Pakistan is one of the issues that has always affected the security of our country. The police force, as the main institution providing public order and security, has also played an important role in this regard. In this regard, the interaction and relations of the police force with the target institutions and organizations can provide the context for confronting the existing crimes and challenges. Therefore, in this study, with the aim of examining the signs of law enforcement diplomacy in the eastern borders, the author tries to explain the influential cases in it and, finally, to examine the role of law enforcement and law enforcement diplomacy.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-analytical in terms of method. Phishing tools have also been used to collect data.
Findings and

The findings of the study indicate that law enforcement can play an important role in combating crime and extradition by activating law enforcement diplomacy with a hierarchy of power in Sistan and Baluchestan province as well as activating law enforcement diplomacy with Lewis and provincial police in Balochistan, Pakistan. And the fugitive defendants as well as the intelligence elite of the area.

The main purpose of this article is to study the fields and consequences of multipurpose tourism and its effects on sustainable local-rural development in the border cities of Piranshahr. This article seeks to analyze the social and cultural effects as well as to pave the way for the development of multipurpose tourism in the study area by using the mixed quantitative-qualitative research method at different time periods as well as documentary studies and interviews with local development agents and elites, tourists and local people. The results show that on the one hand, considering the natural, cultural and social contexts and location in the border region, the weaknesses of tourism in the region can be turned into strengths with the participation of local people. And used external opportunities, including commercial-recreational tourism, and the region's "borderline" to offset the threats that have plagued tourism in the region. The results also indicate that the development of multifunctional tourism (recreational, commercial, medical and cultural) can compensate for the shortcomings of local development in the study area. On the other hand, by attracting national, transnational (local Kurdistan of Iraq) and local investments in the field of tourism, a strong bridge between national and local development can be established while expanding local development. If this happens, the study community can be a successful model of local development based on tourism in the country.

In historical periods, frontier communities were mainly communities that were, on the one hand, free in a certain territory and were ready to take risks and confront foreigners in defense of the mainland and were no different from centralists; but on the other hand, they have been constantly exposed to suspicion and marginalization. In other words, in many cases, border residents have been evaluated in the context of action, along with negative aspects, and usually, aspects and cultural values ​​or economic resources and possessions or even their common historical heritage with residents within borders and inland areas have been ignored. The aim of the present study is to look at the borderline and the conditions of families and their problems by following family injuries. The existence of a border economy and, consequently, its harms on the family and the context and conditions of frontier settlement can advance the roadmap of this research through the perspective of family experts. However, it should be asked what injuries are seen in families in border areas, and what is the context of these injuries, the causal conditions, and interventions that occur, and what are the consequences? What is the relationship between the border and the family? and what changes in the face of border conditions has made the issue of family pathology important?

  Interviews were analyzed using the Grounded Theory Methodology in which it seeks the context of the formation of problems, causal and interventional conditions, consequences and strategies. Interview duration ranged from 60 minutes to 120 minutes, and interviews were conducted with three family experts and civil society activists. These included family counselors, sociologists and university professors, psychologists and civic activists, as well as assistants and experts from the Relief, Welfare, Sports and Youth Departments of Marivan and Baneh, who were interviewed at their workplaces and they were conducted individually and in the form of in-depth interviews. In terms of analytical technique, thematic analysis technique was used.

The interviews with 30 people reached theoretical saturation and in the form of 19 primary categories there were also five secondary categories: the transformation of socio-cultural values, the dominance of the border economy, Culbery and family injuries, disregard for educational and counseling issues, and ignoring new issues and family injuries. The results indicate changes in the socio-cultural system of families with the introduction of conflicting values, polarization of the age of marriage, weak intergenerational ties and the dominance of the cultural atmosphere of Iraqi Kurdistan and tourists. In this situation, the society is in a turmoil of issues and problems that need to be examined more seriously. Here, what has formed the core category is the family category in crisis. A family whose values are transformed. The conditions under which the frontier economy has prevailed and Culbery itself is the damage of this economy and the reproduction of more serious and tangible damage. Also, a situation that has led to a lack of interest in education and counseling, and the result of all this is new injuries and issues that are increasing every day and has caused a crisis in the structure and heart of families.

Economic gaps and inequalities, lack of investment and youth unemployment, and people’s dependence on unsustainable border livelihoods, rising cost of living, and the spread of border corruption are among the most important consequences of the border economy in these areas. Culbery was  cited as the situation with as harming the economy and at the same time causing other harms, such as increasing sexual and physical harm, increasing domestic violence, consuming energy for Culbery and lowering Culbery. This situation has also exacerbated the harms of lowering the age of the victims, early divorces and the prevalence of family sexual issues, the harms of cyberspace and the emotional divorce of couples, which are ignored due to the lack of education. Therefore, in order to provide any solution for these injuries, the cooperation and coordination of stakeholder government institutions, family counseling clinics, non-governmental organizations and families should be prioritized.

Equipment and control systems are devices that increase the ability of border guards to protect the border. These equipment, along with efficient manpower, play an important role in creating security in border areas. In this article, the function of different types of border control equipment is presented and it makes that possible to understand exactly how to use them properly. Therefore, the present study was conducted to identify the effect of control equipment on improving the security of the borders of Kurdistan province. The method of this research is applied and of survey-correlation type. The statistical population consisted of all employees of the Border Command of Kurdistan Province in 2019 and 88 people that were chosen in the form of full-census sampling, have been questioned. Data were collected through questionnaire. Reliability (Cronbach's alpha 0.92) was obtained and data analysis was performed via SPSS24 software. The results showed that among the control equipment; Night vision cameras and thermal sensors have the greatest impact on improving the security of the borders of Kurdistan province. The results showed that night vision cameras and thermal sensors among the control equipment, have the greatest effect on improving the security of the borders of Kurdistan province. In meanwhile, the most practical is the S700 camera, which has tactical and thermal systems and is portable. This system has the ability to take photos and videos and can transfer its contents to any of the external memory. In addition, the system has the highest number of discoveries in its performance balance among other cameras. Radars and drones also had the least impact, respectively. Based on this, it can be said that according to the geographical locations that exist in each region, appropriate and advanced modern control equipment must be used, which leads to improving border security.