جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "close- up" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

In analysis and critique of “art”, Lyotard employs the "event" as a concept that attributes singularity, uniqueness, liberation from conventions and customs, indefiniteness, and instantaneity. In his opinion, events manifest themselves in ways that defy genre conventions and thus attest to the unpresentable, as the main duty of a postmodern work of art. This qualitative and archival study, based on Abbas Kiarostami's meta-cinema works Close-Up (1990) and Through the Olive Trees (1994), seeks how events may represent the unpresentable. It revealed that the reviewed films had employed a variety of techniques, including technical interruptions in audio and video, as well as innovative narrative techniques that challenge the conventional and classic narrative form time and again, thereby integrating meta-cinema and the concept of Lyotard's event. As a result, the method of attesting to the unpresentable was studied as an intermediary of the event by creating a cinematic form that defies conventional filmmaking traditions and principles. It thus confirms the unpresentable as the main idea of ​​Lyotard's views on art.

Open education, in light of an amazing technological development, has transformed the educational system with changes in "educational culture" and an emphasis on the "learner-centered" principle. Since this has not been taken into account in Iran's educational system, the present article critically examines the issue of imperfect construction of an open education system in Iran. To analyze the issue historically, a genealogical method propounded by Foucault has been applied. Genealogy explains the evolution of historical moments in their internal power relations, as Foucault says: it is a discourse which intertwines power and knowledge. The "genealogical analysis" refers to an epistemological strategy formed in various domains of history, political and social sciences. To explain the aforementioned problem, we need to focus on both traditional and modern education discourses in the discursive space of open education. In response to the main question of the article i.e., what could have caused the imperfectness of open education in contemporary Iran? The findings indicate that "neglect to scientific software and discursive aspects", which followed the dominance of instrumental scientific view; "immature understanding of open education" which reduced it to complementary education and "bureaucratic relations" which are in conflict with the democratic character of post-modern education, have all led to the "imperfectness of open education" which has deepened the challenge of the alienation of "science" from culture and society.

The aim of this study is to explain the influence of close relationships pattern in moral judgments and identifying components affected by gender. In this study used a qualitative approach based on the constructivist grounded theory model that examine judgments based on relationships. The population of this study was young and middle-aged men and women living in Tehran and the sampling was purposeful. The moral dilemmas were presented to participants, and information was collected with semi-structured interviews. The results of the study showed that people are willing to violate the principle of equality for their relatives, friends, colleagues, compatriots, religion and ethnicity, respectively, which was similar in both genders in terms of breadth and order. In general, the impact of personal relationships (relative, self, friend, and colleague) is related to human evolutionary characteristics, and the impact of social relationships (countryman, coreligionist, and ethnicity) is related to common goals within the group and loyalty to the group. In their decisions, both Men and women consider relationships equally in different situations, although based on the severity of the situation, their intervention is difference. The difference depends on their evolutionary characteristics rather than their ability to understanding and observing equality.