جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « development » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The present study aimed to identify the factors contributing to the attraction of young people in the Tehran metropolis to synthetic drug use.

The present research is a qualitative study. The strategy used in this research is the classic grounded theory. The research population included all young people aged 18 to 30 in the Tehran metropolis of both genders (male and female) with a record of synthetic drug use. Sampling was conducted based on purposeful judgmental sampling and continued until theoretical saturation was reached. In-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with 17 participants (12 men and 5 women), and the results were extracted using coding in three stages: open, axial, and selective.

A total of 184 codes were extracted from interviews with participants. The extracted codes were organized into 41 concepts and 6 categories. The extracted categories include individual- psychological, friends and acquaintances, family, social, economic, and community. The individual-psychological and family categories, with 14 and 12 concepts, respectively have the most concepts.

The results of the research showed that the extracted concepts have a significant impact on the attraction of Tehran metropolis young people to synthetic drug use. Among these categories, the individual-psychological and family have the greatest impact on the synthetic drugs used by young people in Tehran.

The implementation of development programs of the second Pahlavi is analyzed from an economic or political view, while they are implied in the field of culture. The Iranian woman's identity has undergone changes under the influence of these cultural development policies. In this article, we study the representation of female identity in the movies of this period with the aim of investigating the changes of that. Considering that this representation was made under the programs of capitalist development, the theoretical framework of Adorno and Horkheimer's cultural industry from the Frankfurt school was used to critically show the representation of the implications of capitalist development on the cultural industry in the cinema of this period. In accordance with the framework of the Frankfurt school, the critical discourse analysis method of Laclau and Mouffe was used to identify the discursive changes of this representation in different periods of production and distribution of cinematographic works. Based on the findings of the research, four discourses have been identified from the beginning of the second Pahlavi period to 1327, the implementation of the construction program (1327-1343), the Ministry of Mehrdad Pahlabad (1343 to 1357) and the emerging discourse of the "new wave of Iranian cinema" (1340-1357). The analysis of these discourses shows that the representation of female identity in the cinema of this period has gradually changed from the traditional veiled identity to a more naked western identity, and the latter identity has been represented as the identity of the progressive and developed class.

The present research aimed at studying the effects of religiousness and political orientation on justice feeling among Iranian citizens regarding Iranian government´s welfare plans. This perspective is important because the political sovereignty of Iran with an inseparable tie with religion tries to have a different attitude towards social welfare and justice based on religious concepts. The present research framework was developed based on the theories of criticizing the government of welfare and Bourdieu´s theory. The present research was carried out by survey method and using questionnaire administered among Khoramabad citizens in 2021. The research sampling was designed through integrating cluster sampling and disproportionate stratified sampling with 400 as the sample volume. The results showed that Khorramabad citizens have not an equal attitude towards Iranian governments´ social welfare plans. Regarding the three previous governments, Khoramabad citizens assessed welfare plans of Khatami´s government as higher than that of Rohani´s government. Regarding their hope for the next government´s welfare plans, majority of the population predict the same or worse conditions. The research results showed that their commitment towards religious rituals and political orientations have effects on their assessment of a government´s welfare plans, i.e., the individuals with fundamentalist orientation and religious believes assess plans for distributive justice higher. The results also showed that priorities in the individuals´ orientation or attitude resulted in accepting or rejecting governmental institutions in their minds; moreover, the individuals assess securing the social needs and distributive justice in the governments´ welfare plans as biased for or against them.

Getting familiar with the field of communication and media and understanding that it is one of the important reasons for social and cultural formations requires theorizing, re-identifying and re-examining the theory. The purpose of this article is to examine the status of social-behavioral mass communication theories in the environment of new media. This has been followed by using the documentary method. At first, the bases and fields of theorizing differences in new media and mass media have been identified according to four categories of socio-behavioral theories including: communication content, audience, communication tools and impact study. Then taking into account the historical roots and the contexts of the formation of each theory, the status of the theories of use and consent, highlighting, framing, the spiral of silence has been examined and the new concepts added to these theories have been discussed. According to the findings, it can be stated that each of these theories have been developed in the environment of new media according to their conditions in a range from high to low, in the sense that the mentioned theories, while maintaining their main idea, are influenced by different bases and fields of new medias .

The expansion and completion of the wireless and wireline telegraph network infrastructure is among the crucial measures of the Pahlavi government in the course of establishing a modern and developed society. In addition, as an important and high-speed communication tool, the telegraph was a significant factor for strengthening the body of military authority of the Pahlavi government, which has great impacts on the political, social and historical transformation of Iran specially in that period of restless caused by the initiation of the second world wars. since the international issues were changing rapidly and Iran, in a special geographical position, was attracting the attention of powerful governments in order to protect their interests in the Middle East. In terms of this point of view, paying attention to this crucial element was very important in the continuation of the political rule of the first Pahlavi government so neglecting this matter, was not possible.Based on library sources, descriptive-analytical and cliometric method, the current research is seeking to answer these questions: what were the effects of telegraph network development during the Pahlavi regime? And the budget allocated to this ministry was in line with the development of military power or not? The findings indicate that Reza Shah's efforts to modernize Iran led to the development of the telegraph network as a very practical facility, which was not only as a result of expanding the lines caused by international political conditions, but also a factor for Iran's reformation and revolution in the middle of that time. This network was considered as one of the main components of the expansion of military rule in the country, however, its budget did not grow significantly during Reza Shah's sovereignty. But the budget of the ministry did not grow significantly. The significance of the present research is that it can provide valuable information based on the published statistics related to the dedicated budget to this ministry in the first Pahlavi era and clarify the ambiguous political and social aspects of the society.

Considering the discontinuity of modernity and modernization in Iran, this article tries to look for the effect of discontinuity in the process of development and counter-development while briefly reviewing the national origins of these two concepts in Western countries. The flow of development in advanced industrialized nations proceeded naturally. Due to the long conflicts between the three centers of political, economic and religious power, these countries succeeded in creating legal systems that ensured development. But after the Second World War, when the flow of development entered the countries that faced structural and territorial barriers and lack of legal guarantees, they turned into an anti-development flow. In Iran, this phenomenon started in the form of modernization from the constitutional era. But there were several factors that fueled social and political discontinuity and created major obstacles in the path of development. The discontinuity between modernism and modernity was part of a historical process and caused by insecurities and as a result the concentration of political power. This article intends to explain the effect of political power on social discontinuities, focusing on the issue of development with a political sociological approach The main question is, what factors caused the discontinuities to emerge , and how can these factors be removed?

Sustainable urban tourism are the main centers of economic, social and political growth in any country, which have proven themselves as the most attractive points for creating wealth, work, creativity and innovation. The purpose of this research was to sociologically investigate the role of sustainable tourism on the socio-economic development of Semiram city in 1401.

This research was conducted using survey method and questionnaire. The research community is made up of citizens aged 18 to 60 living in Semiram city. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula, 350 people were selected using multi-stage cluster sampling method.

To analyze the research data, correlation coefficient tests with spss24 software and structural equation analysis with Amos25 software were used. The reliability of the questionnaire was calculated and evaluated using Cronbach's alpha method, based on which the coefficient of the research variables and its dimensions was more than 0.7. In this research, by using inferential statistics, the relationship between the variables of tourist security, transportation network, recreational facilities and planning with the dependent variable of the research, socio-economic development was measured, and the relationship of all variables was confirmed.

The results showed that these variables of tourist security, transportation network, recreational facilities and planning have a significant relationship with the dependent variable of the research, socio-economic development. Using Amos25 software and drawing the model, the amount of changes in the dependent variable was explained by the independent variables.

This article examines the role of medical influencers on the social network Instagram in the development of social participation in the demand for the Corona vaccine. During crises, the influence of celebrities and social media influencers can be used in order to inform, educate and also the social participation of citizens. Social networks, especially the Instagram social network, played an important role in informing, educating and encouraging citizens in the process of social participation in order to demand a vaccine during the outbreak of the Covid-19 disease. The social network Instagram with its many features has provided the field of social participation of medical influencers in various formats. This article tries to explain the social participation of influencers by using theories such as: online participation, two-step flow of communication, social influence theory and also the theory of trans-social interaction. The research method used in this article is network ethnography. Sampling of this research has been done in a purposeful way and it has been tried to collect information through online observation and interpretation of content produced by influencers in the field of medicine.The results of this research show that the Instagram social network, due to its infrastructural capabilities and features, provides the social participation of medical influencers in the form of the facilities of this social network, and the audience interacts with medical influencers under the influence of their persuasion. They focus their attitude towards this group and play an important role in social participation to demand the corona vaccine.

Some theorists of the rational choice approach in the sociology of religion put forward the argument that just as an increase in knowledge and skills of an individual (= human capital) increases the quality of economic goods, an individual's religious knowledge and skills (i.e., religious capital) also increases the quality of religious activities and as a result the benefits that a person receives from religious participation. Therefore, the more religious capital a person has, the more satisfaction (that is, the increase in benefits) he will get from religious activities, and one of the main results will be the increase in his religious participation. In the present study, an attempt was made to test the validity of this hypothesis.This study used the "within-national comparative method". "Unit of analysis" and "level of analysis" in the present study are "county" and "Iran" respectively, and secondary data were used to verify theoretical claims and final analysis.The findings of the research indicated a confirmation for the hypothesis of a positive relationship between religious capital and religious participation in Iranian counties- even when the indicators of development were also controlled - although the intensity of this relationship was weak.The obtained results indicated that most of the changes or major differences in religious participation at the level of Iranian counties are related to factors other than religious capital. Therefore, it can be said that to explain the religious participation at the level of Iranian counties, the theory of religious capital lacks sufficient explanatory power and it should be considered complementary to other theories.

One of the most important fields of study in the current political and human knowledge of the country is the study and research of what, how and why the Islamic-Iranian model of progress. The emphasis of the leadership is also based on drawing the desired vision of the Islamic revolution and the ways to realize it in the priorities of the development plan of the Islamic-Iranian model of the development of the Islamic Republic. Based on this, the current research with a practical purpose evaluates the Islamic-Iranian model of progress based on the opinion of elites using the SWAT technique. The type of research is applied-comparative and the research method is content analysis based on library and documentary information. In order to determine the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats through a questionnaire, the SWOT technique was used, as well as to determine the scenarios and mechanisms for updating the planning of the Iranian Islamic model of progress, the scenario technique was used. The results of the research related to the SWAT model indicate the choice of an aggressive strategy in the direction of action. Therefore, in order to develop offensive strategies, the focus should be on internal strengths and external opportunities, and strengths should be placed next to the factors of opportunities. Also, in relation to the topic of the research, four scenarios have been presented in relation to updating and adapting the Islamic-Iranian model of progress according to the current conditions of the country.

The definition and understanding of the concept of responsibility constantly experience changes during one`s life and is almost influenced by parenting. This study aimed to investigate how the definition and understanding of responsibility change at different ages, considering the perceived parenting styles.  

Method and data: 

The study used a descriptive-correlational design. The sample consisted of 381 males and females aged 12 to 75 years living in Yazd who were selected by random sampling methods according to their age groups. They completed the Perceived Parenting Styles Questionnaire and an open-response questionnaire about the concept of responsibility. 

The findings of the open-response questionnaire revealed six conceptual categories for defining responsibility: conscientiousness, trustworthiness, law-abiding, progressivism, organization and self-management. Analysis of the data in each category with the Chi square test showed that there was a significant difference between different age groups in the categories. There was also a significant difference between individuals who perceived different parenting styles in the emphasis on organization and self-management categories. Participants with easy-going parents had the most emphasis on organization and those with authoritative parents had the most emphasis on self-management in defining responsibility. 

The results showed that parenting styles are important determinants of the development of responsibility from adolescence to emerging adulthood. Further studies on different age ranges, especially children, using interviews in longitudinal designs, can provide a better perspective of the developmental changes in this concept. 

Key Message: 

The cognitive, emotional and social environment that parents make for their children, known as parenting styles, affect on the development of the concept of responsibility among them. In other words, the parents ‘parenting styles are the determinants of the level of responsibility in their children from adolescence to emerging adulthood.

Migration has been a historical phenomenon that reflects and affects social changes in societies. In recent decades, the growing scale and complexity of international migration have raised concerns among policymakers and planners in developing (or migrant-sending) countries, who face the challenges of human capital loss and development delay in their own countries. This study examines the question of whether these migrations can be seen as a facilitator of development course or as a reducer of human capital in the long run for the countries of origin? 

Methods and Data:

 The present study is a narrative review that analyzes relevant literature from 2000 to 2022 using a descriptive-analytical approach. 

Results show that international migration follows have individual and collective benefits for migrants, their families, and their origin countries. Depending on how the capacities of the migrants are utilized, these migrations may also have negative impacts or challenges for development. In other word, as litrature suggests, international migration does not necessarily reduce human capital, but depending on the way of using its capacities, it can facilitate development for the origin countries. 

The phenomenon of international migration, which reflects the freedom of choice and the common right of individuals and communities to benefit from this option in their lives, requires careful attention from policymakers and planners. Governments should adopt policies that increase the benefits and reduce the risks of migration for their communities. 

Key Message: 

Governments of migration-sending countries should change their attitude towards international migration from a merely threat to a possible opportunity in their population planning and take necessary steps to benefit from the potentials of these immigrants in the direction of their own country's development.

The first trainers and preparers of a wise and knowledgeable generation in a society for creating and preparing the contexts of advancement and development in a country and nation, are women. Therefore, this is enough to consider the development and advancement of women in a society, equal to advancement and development of that country. This paper is performed in order to merge done studies in femininity field and development. Method which is used in this paper, is Meta-analysis. Statistical population were consisted of related and available studies which were accessible in Iran using Persian language, in paper form, from 1385 to 1401. After investigating the criterion of inputs and outputs, 55 effect sizes from 17 studies which have Meta-analysis condition, were obtained. In order to analyze data from sensitivity data, funnel chart, stochastic models and heterogeneity analysis, CMA2 software was used. Analysis of obtained information from research showed that the amount of combined effect in this stochastic model (chosen model for this Meta-analysis) was obtained equally to 0/472, which was significant. Size of obtained effect from studies(p<0/001) were calculated averagely according to interpretation of Cohen's scale and results illustrated that women and femininity have effect on development.Also by considering social development as moderator variable,this coefficient was calculated as social development 0/645respectively.that in level of p<0/001 are significant

Iran’s urban spaces over the Islamic period can be considered a combination of completely interwoven public and private spaces. Tea-houses as new social places formed a new kind of urban socialization from Safavid period onwards. Taking various functions, the places played a significant role in developing public issues. The places at the beginning had a recreational function, though the function undertook changes as religious context of Iran and its events influenced them, so that they experienced many changes. Exploring the functions of the spaces will provide a view to the study of socio-cultural history of Iran’s society. Such a study requires due attention, investigation, and analysis of all its dimensions affecting the socio-economic and political relations. Taking the issues into consideration, relying on library resources, and applying a descriptive-analytical approach, this study dealt with various functions of tea-houses and their development over Safavid and Qajar periods. The results showed that the recreational-leisure, religious, literary, artistic, and political functions of the places have changed continuously over the periods. The functions are assumed to be abstract and independent, but due to the religious context of Iran and Iranians’ strong religious beliefs over the periods, the functions sometimes have been intermingled. Tea-houses have had positive influences on preserving and spreading national, ethnic, and religious culture and some artistic manifestations of Iran. They, however, have not been void of some mal-functions and increasing social crimes. The mal-functions became more expanded when modernistic elements expanded in Iran society in Qajar era and drastically influenced other functions.

The main problem of the research is a understanding of the social contexts that create, shape and develop desirable technologies in Iranian society, and it seeks to explain the nature of each technology in a structural way with a social approach. The purpose of the research is to describe more precisely the relationships of related and effective institutions in the emergence and development of technologies from a sociological perspective. The questions: What is the definition of technology from a social perspective? What is the relationship between the emergence or development of technologies and its social aspects? What are the hidden and intangible infrastructure layers of technology and how are they known? What are the structural factors and institutions affecting the formation and sustainability of technologies in society? What are the consequences of the emergence, development and transfer of technology for society? The current research first uses the observation and library studies and documents, then by using the coding of concepts and the method of qualitative content analysis. It tries to consider the set of technology-related processes symbolically in the assumption of an iceberg floating in water. The findings of the research on the structural factors of the social aspects of technology in Iran are drawn in the form of a theoretical model of the pyramid of relationships of multidimensional structural layers, which is completely in the emergence of technology, the social formation of technology, the formation of technology consumption. and technological innovation have important effects.