جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « gender identity » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Body management; handling,manipulating and paying attention to the body is influenced by different factors and this research tries to explain the body managementand external factors affecting the body management of women in Sanandaj city.The theoretical framework of this research is based on the theories of Anthony Giddens and Erving Goffman.

The survey research method and the research tool is a researcher-made questionnaire and the sample size is equal to 441 women aged 25 to 45 living in Sanandaj city,who were selected through multi-stage cluster sampling.

According to the results,there is a significant relationship between body management and social acceptance,dignity,discrimination and gender identity,and according to the regression test.In fact,from the point of view of the respondents,manipulation and adjustment of the body is a tool to receive approval and social acceptance,so that it can present a new and popular identity with a distinctive body and appearance.With this research,it can be concluded that,on the one hand,body management is an opportunity to improve the physical condition and health and adopt a healthy lifestyle,and on the other hand,it is a threat to health and adopting an unhealthy and pretentious lifestyle,and the important thing is how to take advantage of this opportunity with Paying attention to the interest and belonging of Sanandji women to the clothing style,eating style and style of consumption is to empower and display the art and ethnic identity to improve the status of Sanandji women.For this purpose,the officials should take advantage of this opportunity to introduce and modelbyincreasing awarenessand preparing the platform and conditions.

In this article, an attempt was made to discuss the representation of gender identity in the textbooks of the second secondary school. The main idea of this article was that the gender patterns in the society are reproduced by means of dominant discourse and it is tried to naturalize some existing gender roles or their continuation in the society. One of the most important of these tools is textbooks, which try to internalize the dominant gender patterns in the sensitive period of socialization in order to shape the gender identity in teenagers and to do this, they highlight the desirable and reference roles in textbooks.

To answer the research question, the qualitative content analysis method was used to analyze the textbooks of the second secondary school. The unit of analysis in this research was male and female characters in the majority of images and writing. The sample population of the research included the second secondary school textbooks (in the first, second and third grades). In this research, purposeful sampling was used, and all the contents that somehow dealt with issues related to gender were analyzed.

The research results supported the main hypothesis of this research and showed that traditional identity patterns existed in different dimensions of female identity representations in textbooks and that traditional female identities were indicated as exemplary and successful women. Also, our data showed that these texts aimed at naturalizing these identity patterns and tried to show women's social roles and activities as having secondary importance through displaying some of the traditional roles of women in the family as desirable. In this regard, it seems that the textbooks largely ignore the social changes in the society or introduce them as a social harm. On this basis, according to the main discourse in these textbooks, the ideal female identity is composed of housewives who try to fulfill their roles as housewives in a desirable way. Therefore, a successful woman will be the one who can move in the best way towards the satisfaction of her husband and children. Therefore, things such as the motherhood feelings, possessing emotions and feelings, being the center of affection and love, and the like are mainly among the components of gender identity interpretation for female students and playing this role is emphasized as a strength for women. Moreover, when women play a role in housework and raising children and play the role of mother and housewife, it is associated with a kind of sensory and emotional favorability. Also, the obtained data showed that compared to men, women are represented to a much lesser extent in outside jobs and social roles, and it seems that the current educational system tries to increase the emphasis on women's role in the home by hiding or underrepresentation of women's jobs.

The Internet as a new communication technology has caused complex and rapid changes in human relationships and communication patterns and has a tremendous impact on the social and cultural structures of today's societies. Considering the expansion of virtual social networks among young people, including Facebook, this research aims to provide an analysis of the relationship of these networks on the gender identity of young people.

The present research is a quantitative survey approach and the required data was collected from a sample of 248 students of Mashhad Azad University through stratified sampling.

The findings of this study show that there is a positive relationship between the reflection of gender stereotypes in virtual social networks and gender identity in men and women. It also shows a positive and significant relationship between gender socialization in virtual social media through the representation of gender roles and gender identity of the women's group, while no significant relationship has been achieved in the case of the men's group. Other results show that as the amount of activity in virtual social media increases, the amount of acceptance and belonging to the gender identity of femininity decreases, but this relationship does not exist in the case of men.Other results show that as the amount of activity in virtual social media increases, the amount of acceptance and belonging to the gender identity of femininity decreases, but this relationship does not exist in the case of men.Keywords: virtual social networks, gender identity, gender schemas, gender socialization.

The book entitled The Social Construction of Difference: Gender in the University Classroom was written by Dr. Karam Habibpour Getabi in 2017. This is notable for examining the methodological dimensions of an academic research in the field of gender identity, especially female identity, as well as paying attention to science in the experience of gender differences and approaches leading to structure and agency in the gender reproduction or construction. The book claims the neglect of sociology in dealing with the cultural and social dimensions of the university classroom, and hence, it talks about the narrative of gender experience in the classroom. It seems that despite the set goals, the direction of the book is more than anything related to the gender issue and with the default design of the gender bias in the classroom, the methodology and the research process will suffer bias, as well. The research path focuses more on the separation of subjects in the field of learning. Data interpretation, contrary to the claim of the book and the proposed theoretical approaches, has not been on the path of constructivism. Finally, the role of the university in strengthening the gender difference or adjusting this difference is unclear, and the interpretation and evaluation of the university and its role in identifying students is formulated in a passive rather than active mode. One of the main challenges of this critique is related to the style of expression of the collected concepts and their interpretation. In other words, the conceptualization of titles in the presentation of research results will reproduce gender stereotypes in a hidden agency. Therefore, in order to degenderize research requires more than anything else a real understanding of issues, imbalances and social discontinuities.

In social studies, reference groups, models, and effective methods of living are among the most significant elements contributing to the introduction of ideal lifestyle types across different societies. reference groups, models, and effective methods of living are among the most significant elements contributing to the introduction of ideal lifestyle types across different societies. Iranian society considers religion and religious leaders among the most effective models and references for determining lifestyles. Accordingly, studies conducted on the level and quality of religiosity in Iranian society demonstrate religious patterns in personal relationships among Iranians. Accordingly, studies conducted on the level and quality of religiosity in Iranian society demonstrate religious patterns in personal relationships among Iranians. Iranian society considers religion and religious leaders among the most effective models and references for determining lifestyles. Accordingly, studies conducted on the level and quality of religiosity in Iranian society demonstrate religious patterns in personal relationships among Iranians. Consequently, it appears that explaining and introducing religious lifestyle patterns in relation to history and the practical behavior of religious elders and innocents (PBUH) may have a substantial impact on determining and directing Iranian lifestyles. Accordingly, studies conducted on the level and quality of religiosity in Iranian society demonstrate religious patterns in personal relationships among Iranians. Consequently, it appears that explaining and introducing religious lifestyle patterns in relation to history and the practical behavior of religious elders and innocents (PBUH) may have a substantial impact on determining and directing Iranian lifestyles. Considering Hazrat Zahra's (S.A.) practical behavior as a transhistorical model, the model of Muslim women can be derived in many aspects of their personal, family, and social lives. Thus, this article attempts to interpret their practical behavior from a gender identity and femininity perspective. This study uses a documentary methodology and authentic texts were used for data collection. This study uses a documentary methodology and authentic texts were used for data collection. On the basis of the ontological, anthropological, religious-cognitive, and Islamic epistemic values, the present study identifies the components of femininity in the context of hijab, modesty and immaculacy, wifehood, motherhood, housekeeping, and meaningful social and described a female narrative of her traits and personal, family and social life.. And each Some of them have been reviewed historically in the practical conduct of Hazrat Zahra (S.A.) and described a female narrative of her traits and personal, family and social life. practical conduct (SIRAH) is a reference for many questions and issues of today's era, and referring to them can be a guide for people of science and thought, as well as policy makers of the country in various fields. Therefore, it is suggested that the study of practical conduct (SIRAH) should be placed on the agenda of the research people and the scientific community of the country.

The expansion of modernity and globalization has led to the diversity of identity sources and reflexivity of identities of the past among women. The method of this research is survey and by selecting 385 married women aged 18-44 years in urban areas of the city of Kashan by the multi-stage cluster sampling method. The results of this research indicate that in all dimensions of gender identity studied except for maternal identity and body image management, the average score of women is higher than the expected average. Multivariate analysis showed among all the attitude variables related to the reflexivity identity, only the attitude toward maternal identity had an effect on women's fertility; The fertility of the studied women decreases as it become more modern. Also, the results of the path analysis indicated the mediating and central role of maternal identity in the indirect effect of some other gender identity variables on fertility. This issue highlights the importance of the attitude towards maternal identity. Since women don't summarize their identity as in the past in family, the motherhood role and having children, it is recommended that expansion of facilities and support programs for mothers and reduction of conflicts between the motherhood role and other sources of new identity of women such as employment and education should be placed on the agenda of population policies.

Film festivals are a symbol of the growth of the culture and art of a society, which have been formed with the aim of achieving a discourse and cinematic form that fits the ideals of that society. Fajr Film Festival is the most important domestic festival in Iran, which, like other film festivals, plays an important role in determining the aesthetic criteria of the film and determines the direction of cinema in the coming year. Gender identity and, in other words, femininity/masculinity, is one of the most important topics that is represented every year at the Fajr Film Festival and calls the audience to rethink their gender identity.In this article, an attempt was made to analyze femininity/masculinity in the three areas of the individual, family and society in the works of the 40th Fajr Film Festival with a combination of qualitative and quantitative methods (theme analysis, questionnaires, focused interviews). The results show that the status of gender identity, especially masculinity, is distorted in the field of personal identity, and a small percentage of the men of the 40th festival can be attractive heroes for the audience. This situation is also repeated in family identity. Regarding the social communication between men and women in the society, in other words, the type of interaction between men and women in the society, the 40th festival has scored (-0.44) out of 20. In other words, in the social behavior of Iranian men with women, more coercion and misogyny are represented than respect and dignity

This study aimed to describe and explain the values and attitudes of women about gender behaviors in Tehran. The theoretical framework of the study has used Ajzen and his colleagues, Julian Rotter, and Chalabi's theory of behavior. The survey method has been used for research and its statistical population is "All girls and women of 15 years and more of Tehran in 1399". The data collection is done through the questionnaire tool and the method of sampling is multi -step sampling; According to Cochran formula, the sample size is estimated at 1200 people. According to the theoretical framework of the research, gender behaviors were considered as dependent variables and gender identity, meaning, opportunity and norms as independent variables. The findings of the study describe the attitude of marriage, the role of maternal, fertility, employment, and the tendency to educate women. Among married women the most important concern is maintaining family life; in contrast, the marriage is the least important for single girls. In the final analysis, it can be concluded that the extrabiological pattern of women's gender behaviors in the form of feminist and individualistic values and attitudes is overwhelmed by the biological pattern.

This research aims to analyze the lived experience of girls who live and work independently of their family in Tehran city,  In situations where it seems that their personal gender identity and social gender identity are facing each other. Considering this confrontation and more precisely, this dialectical contrast can be understood in different types of differentiation, opposition, conflict, contradiction and symmetry, the main focus of the research is to answer to this important question: “what will be the final outcome of the confrontation of these two sets of definitions, for this group of girls”? In order to answer this question, the grounded theory method was used and 13 in-depth interviews were conducted based on Theoretical sampling and in accordance with the logic of theoretical saturation. The research findings indicate the existence of gender identity conflict as the outcome of the mentioned dialectical contrast. Although such a conflict is not perceived in the same way for all the girls and would be different in quality and quantity depending on the material and cultural identity-building resources that a person has. Furthermore, in facing the situations arising from this conflict, depending on the contextual and intervening conditions, a combination of solutions is used, which includes both solutions in line with the personal gender identity model (more modern identity patterns), and strategies in line with the social gender identity model (more traditional identity patterns).

Based on grounded theory, the present paper aims to answer the question that, "How do the binary transsexual people understand and experience their gender identity?". For this purpose, 30 in-depth interviews were conducted based on theoretical sampling and in accordance with the logic of theoretical saturation.“Excluded identification” is the main category which has been abstracted from the four major categories Which are “confused identity”,“suspended identity”,”imperfect identity”,and “developed identity”. These four identities are output from three different stages of their lives. The first stage involves a period in which they are unaware of their transgender gender identity. The second stage covers the interval between awareness of gender identity and gender affirming surgery, and the last stage is related to the postoperative period.Findings show through identification dialectic of inside and outside, In the stage of confusion and suspension, excluding encounter from others(outside) forms the dominant side of this dialectic. Attempts to eliminate the trace of being a trans in imperfect identity also reproduce the binary structure and discourse that exclude and does not accept them. It seems that it is only in the developed identity that one's agency, the inner side of this dialectic, is given the opportunity to resist the dominant binary excluding structure, identify herself or himself beyond gender and even reciprocally do not accept the ruling discourse and exclude it through the non binary discourse.

The queen bee syndrome refers to a phenomenon in which female executives in organizations that males occupy most of the senior positions, are separated themselves from other women and impede their progress. This research explores the concept deeper in universities. The purpose of the present study is to investigate the effect of perceived gender discrimination on the queen bee syndrome perception about the behaviors of women in managerial positions. In this regard, the moderating role of gender identity and academic level were also examined. The research questionnaires were distributed among female faculty members of five top universities in the country and structural equation modeling method was used to test the research hypotheses. The results showed that perceived gender discrimination by women had a significant positive effect on their perceptions of queen bee syndrome. This relationship was moderated by the gender identity so that the relationship decreased in women with more gender identity. But academic degree had no significant moderating effect in this regard.

Gender identity is a situation in which there is a mismatch between the biological gender and the desired gender. The aim of this study was to investigate the lived experience of people with transsexuality in Kermanshah. The theoretical approach is based on Erving Goffman's views on "stigmatization" and gender identity. The research method is phenomenological. The technique of data collection is the interview. The number of interviewees was 22 residents of Kermanshah who were selected using purposive sampling. Data were analyzed using the seven-step Coalaizzi method. The results showed that a) people with transsexuality have different feelings about themselves since childhood. B) the awareness of people in the community about these people is low and they are stigmatized; many of these people are physically, sexually, and emotionally abused by society; there are two categories of families in the face of people with gender identity disorder: modern and traditional. Modern families have a somewhat protectionist approach, but traditional families take a repressive and violent approach. C) Gender reassignment surgery is reconstructive surgery. Their identities do not change much before and after surgery. Most of these people have social, financial, and physical problems after surgery and expect financial and moral support from the responsible institutions.

The precise question of this research is: «How does the experience of women who lost their spouses effect on redefining of their gender identity? » this research was designed by using grounded theory. Data was gathered by using semi-structured interviews and observation. The sample includes 21 women without spouse who live in two neighborhoods of Abbassabad and Afsariye in Tehran city. Targeted sampling and theoretical sampling were used for sample selection. All data were collected and analyzed in social stages of open, axial and selective coding. The research findings showed that women after being in the position of losing husband, going through a period of grief. According to the data, three main categories of identity about women were identified, which are in three groups: 1) happy widows, 2)sad widows, and 3)wandering widows. Happy widows categorize in: dependent, warrior, and independent women. Redifining identity of women without a spouse is in five different paradigms. These paradigms are 1)-perished woman 2) Dependent woman 3) lonely woman 4) Warrior woman 5) Independent woman. The process of achieving gender identity of women without a spouse affected by the circumstances in which they are available, such as access to economic, cultural and social resources, motherhood, age and the formation of a relationship with their own family.

In this article, the role of cultural and communication institutions in the identity changes of women in the Qajar period will be examined. According to the subject, the historical research method based on library citations with a descriptive and analytical approach has been used. The beginning of developments in the field of women can be considered the late Qajar period and especially the constitutional period. In this atmosphere, some women affiliated with the intellectual movement, who were usually themselves graduates of foreign schools in Iran, tried to create new schools and then publications, to create the ground for women to enter the public space and change the way women are viewed in society. Give. In general, it can be said that the feminist current formed within the accepted traditional discourse, was able to expand the modern schools and promote the idea of the need for education to better play traditional roles in publications, creating grounds for changing the gender identity of women in society.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the globalization dimensions on the gender identity of the youth in Abdanan city. Giddens' theory was used to explain this issue. The study is a cross-sectional survey and the statistical population includes young people aged 15-29 in Abdanan. The sample size was 400 people who were selected via a multi-stage cluster sampling method. The required data were collected using a questionnaire and analyzed through SPSS software. The Findings showed that gender identity was not different between boys and girls and there was a significant relationship between reflexivity, replacement, use of new information and communication technology, body management, and intimacy, with the youth gender identity. The independent variables of the present study explained 24% of the changes in the gender identity. Based on the findings, the independent variables of the study explained 24% of the changes in the gender identity variable. It is concluded that modernity waves and consequently the globalization of gender identity affected the youth of Abdanan city.

A football stadium is not only recognized as a masculine space, but it seems it is a capable space for women to identify, symbolize, and ritualize their behavior and conduct. During these decades, females construct and form their identity base on different gender discourses which, cause several responses and reactions on their behalf. Hence, in this research, we study and represent the strategies women apply to watch men football in the stadium going through objective and symbolic characteristics of women's collective reactions to constrains with the help of Masculine Hegemony Reproduction and Stadium Space Feminization viewpoints. The methods include the Qualitative Content Analysis based on the Deconstruction approach and Thematic Analysis of various messages along with the Semi-Structured Interview technique and sample is all female students of Tehran universities. Conquer Masculine Spaces and Display Feminine Dreams are obtained as two main concepts through the findings. These two concepts are considered women's strategies to present in the stadium. Admittedly Conquer Masculine Spaces and Display Feminine Dreams carry meanings and signs that can be understood and defined in the form of Attaining the Freedom Stage concept. Watching Football in-stadium gives females opportunities to construct their difference from men and also to seek to display the constructed gender identity from the paradoxical experience of traditional and modern values with their characteristics, which can be applied in spaces such as stadiums.

The communication of women and men in social networks and the transfer of women's and men's attitudes and practices have provided a platform for gender identity change. Gender identity is one of the challenges of today's global community. With the increasing use of cyberspace، gender identity has become fluid and variable. Written، spoken، and written language for communication with others in cyberspace has provided a platform for fluid gender identity. This paper aims at analyzing the levels of gender identity of users in order to analyze the gender identity of cyber users using the qualitative method of discourse analysis based on the Fisk model. This paper analyzes the gender identity of cyberspace users using qualitative method of discourse analysis. An analysis sample is the comments made by male and female users of the Intagram and Telegram virtual networks from November to March 2017-2018. Comments from 300 male and female users have been reviewed with common approaches to discourse analysis. The present study is a qualitative analysis of male and female users of Instagram and Telegram virtual networks in 2018. 300 profiles have been reviewed with common approaches to discourse analysis. Analysis of user comments suggests that female users have made more comments. Women supported men more. Women have emotional support over men's messages. Women tend to share more personalized issues and men are more likely to face less personal issues.

Today, women's access to social spaces and areas is one of their most important concerns. This study aims to investigate the tendency of women to watch men's soccer and the factors affecting it. The population of the study is "all girl students of Tehran Universities in 2018". The sample size estimated by Cochran formula is 495 persons. Finally, data were collected through questionnaire by multistage cluster sampling from four universities including Allameh Tabataba'i, Tehran, Shahid Beheshti University and Azad University of Science Research. In terms of girls' tendency to go to the stadium, about 15 percent of them would never go if the stadium was opened, 25 percent were skeptical, and 65 percent were willing to go to the stadium. This finding, along with the condition of watching football matches on television, reflects a rethinking of women's identities as they move from "watching football" to "becoming a footballer". Also among the social factors influencing the tendency of girls, in the first stage, their agency can be analyzed more at the individual level with the aim and experience of excitement and in the second level as reducing the limitations of the political system towards women in the society. Some of the prominent feminist attitudes serve two previous purposes.

The current study aims to investigate the relationship between Feminism tendencies, Self- objectification, Thin ideal internalization and Gender identity in female students Islamic Azad University of Sabzebvar (2018). This study was correlation-descriptive. The population of this study included 1856 emale students Islamic Azad University of Sabzebvar that Using Morgan table 318 persons were selected through Relative stratified random sampling method. The data was collected using Questionnaires of Burgad & Hides Feminism (1991), Neil and Fredrickson's self-objectification (1997), Stick and Grass thin-idealization (1998) and Schertzer, Laufer, Silvera, & Brad McBride Gender identity (2008). The collected data were analyzed using Spss20 software and descriptive statistics, Pearson correlation and Univariate regression methods. The results showed that there was no significant relationship between feminist tendencies and Self- objectification; But there was a significant negative correlation with Thin ideal internalization and a significant positive relationship with Gender identity. In addition, it was found that Feminism tendencies accounted for about 5.4% of the variance in Thin ideal internalization and 5.6% of the variance in Gender identity. Therefore, increasing Feminism tendencies can reduce Thin ideal internalization and increase the Gender identity of female students.

The Women’s Studies departments have been established since 1970 in the United States. The number of the departments, the subjects and the material they cover has increasingly grown and from its very characteristics is a significant co-relation with the reality of change in women’s status. Women’s Studies was established as the academic wing of the women’s civil movements and it can be understood in terms of changing meanings of the women’s rights and empowerment. Despite its internal discursive dynamism, Women’s Studies is facing a sort of challenge caused by the paradigmatic shift of gender and makes it sound insufficient in the content and even in its name. The present study, then, exploits the process tracing method with focus on the American Studies historians’ records to indicate the reflection of women and gender paradigm shifts and their subsequent effects in Women’s Studies departments, their opportunities and challenges. The process tracing is conducted three historical phases including binary sex paradigm: women against men (1970-early 1980s), paradigm change from woman to women- women to gender (1980s- Mid 1990s), and paradigm of the sexual orientation and gender identity dominance (Mid 1990s- Present). To trace this process within the United States is expected to reveal the gender discourse globally.