جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « house » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The importance of the house not only as a shelter but also as a place for the formation of social activities in order to provide material and non-material needs isn’t hidden from anyone. Meanwhile, women as members of the family who live at home have caused changes in house space Organization. The quiddity of this type of change is such that it has its visible and hidden manifestation in the Physical and house spaces. Changing the position of women in society and the attitude towards them in the spatial organization of house is an issue that has been investigated in this research. The process of this research is exploratory, which has explained the findings by recognizing and classifying them and analyzing them with a qualitative nature. The assessment of the spatial organization of house on each of the types of housing shows many changes in line with the attitude and mentality of the common people towards women. The results show that by moving from historical house to contemporary house, witness 1-Changing the position of a space in the spatial organization of housing, 2-Removing or adding spaces in the organization of spaces, 3-Combining a space with other spaces and 4- Cha...

The concept of house and housing has changed in the new style of urban life and its values have been interpreted in a different way and it takes on a new meaning every day. The new society should be in accordance with the demands and lifestyle of the past and future of the Iranian-Islamic society. The purpose of this study is to achieve alternative futures based on alternative metaphors of the house and to identify possible home and housing scenarios in the future, in order to preserve the cultural, social and physical values of the house. Accordingly, the present study, using the Layer of Causes Analysis (CLA) method, analyzes the change of house idea in four layers of analysis including litany, macro-social causes, discourse / worldview and myth / metaphor, and intends to achieve A clear understanding of the causes of these changes will provide alternative scenarios for the concept of home and housing in the future based on alternative metaphors of this concept.Using purposive sampling, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with experts who had sufficient knowledge and experience in the subject matter, and sampling continued until the stage of theoretical saturation. According to the research results, four scenarios of smart home, home as a digital cloud, human home, mobile home are presented.

This article examines the state of home and territory among Kakavandi immigrants from "1991" to "2022". The theoretical approach is based on Durrschmidt's views about home in the global space. The research method is ethnography and collection techniques are observation, interview and lived experience. The findings show that the life problems of the immigrants in the cities of Harsin and Kermanshah along with the policies of the government, which were in line with rural development, caused two sweeps. First, it was the return to the village, which brought changes such as "Bureaucratization of rural daily life", "Defunctionalization of the village house" and "Urbanization of the village". The second was the migration to Tehran and Alborz province. These immigrants settled in areas that did not have suitable urban spaces to fulfill social needs. Being away from the community and being alone in the new destination has reduced the territory of the house to the door of the apartment for them. Finally, the Kakavands took help from mourning rituals and social networks due to their fluidity and spaciousness to realize the social issue. They defined their home in an extended social space. People who lost their connection with Kakavand's presence in the real world gradually faced the erosion of their identity.

The cultural transformation of women's and men's relations with each other during the Qajar period, that owes it to cultural relations with Europe, has also changed the acting and spatial systems of houses. The purpose of this research is to study the Reflection of Qajar gender discourse transformation on the acting and spatial systems of aristocratic houses. Therefore, the main question of the research is that: How does the transformation of gender discourse in the middle of Qajar period affect the transformation of acting and spatial systems of houses? The research methods are descriptive-analytical, interpretive-historical, and surveying methods and the research process is as follow: the common gender discourse in Qajar community and its transformation were identified from validated books and articles. Then, based on these data, the acting and spatial systems of houses were investigated and it was determined that which sections of these systems were organized on the basis of gender discourse; In next step, the reflection of Qajar gender discourse transformation on the acting and spatial systems of house was examined. Then five aristocratic houses of early and late Qajar era in Qazvin were selected to provide more comprehensive answers to the above questions by deep interviews, field observations and library studies. The research results showed that, after the transformation of gender discourse, the acting system was transformed more inside the houses and men participated in women's interior collective activities; while up to the end of the Qajar period, women were not allowed to have wide activities outside the houses. Moreover, after the transformation of gender discourse the interior part of houses also grew further, and, in addition of providing the possibility of men and women meeting, men also brought their economic activities in these parts, and thus, the exterior parts of houses lost their previously defined function.

Relation between inside the dweling and outside environment is needed to be considered for human settelment planning and design.This process occurs at logical hierarchy between indoor and outdoor spaces. This relevance can be developed through the definition of In-between space. This is a transfer space between dwelling and street that include “semi public–private” territory at residential areas and have a connection role for indoor and outdoor spaces. In-between space is an important subject for dwelling design that eliminate it can arise many problems in residential enviroments. Therefore, in this research, investigating about In-between space and comparison the rule of it has been emphasized for traditional and contemporary dwelling. This study investigated that traditional housing of Iran have “In-between space” as a continuity space for indoor-outdoor spaces, while in contemporary housing there is no definition for it. At the same time ignoring “In-between space” lead to disappearance of safety, sense of territory, sense of belonging, resident satisfaction and as well as decrease in social interaction between neighbor of residential areas.

“Introversion” and “Confidentiality” are two main and structural principles in Iranian-Islamic architecture which had an effective impression in formation of cities regional organization and framework materials of Iran’s traditional buildings. Also the ecological factor had been effective in choosing and selecting of introversion principle in Iran’s pre-historic cities still in Islamic period on the base of basic facts and faith credence and Islamic ideology in addition to introversion plan، also the privacy principle has been take into consideration of architectures from two aspect of framework and implication as one of the main factors in cites and buildings designing. Among the spaces which the reflection of two aforementioned principles can be seen obviously in its framework rooms are the houses. Having no direct visional connection of inside of the house with urban spaces and sanctifying and maintaining family bounds and bringing of space and privacy zone in area materials are of the specialty and characteristics of the houses of Islamic period of Iran. The writers in this paper with the aim of exploration and manifestation of two principle of introversion and privacy in framework-space materials of historic houses of Birjand attempt to have observation and field survey to explain it in descriptive-analytic method and data collection tools. The results of the present research indicates that the architectures have been take into consideration the principles of introversion and privacy in space reposing of framework materials in designing and building of historic houses of Birjand which its reflection can be seen in building constructions with introversion design and pattern and providing triple general، private and semi-private privacy layers.

This study is aimed at comparing results of the draw-a-family test and the house-tree-person test in the children with addicted and non-addicted parents. This is a scientific-comparative study in which 50 children with addicted parents attending Tehran rehab centers and 50 children with non-addicted parents who were selected using the random cluster sampling method were measured by means of the draw-a-family test and the house-tree-person test. Results suggest that drawing indices in the are more in the house-tree-Person paintings and family drawings of the children with addicted parents in comparison to the non-addicted group, scoring higher in terms of the number of drawing indices such as depression and anxiety symptoms, weak self-esteem, and valuelessness. It can be said that the parent's drug abuse intensifies and expedites children's physical, affective and behavioral problems.

What most differentiates Qajar era from other eras in the Iranian’s history may be the appearance of new urbanism and new pathways that became a component of the texture of the city and made Tehran more and more Europeanized. What is of great importance here is the textural transformation of Tehran and other Structural and Spatial changes that occur along with or followed by this transformation. One of the most important changes is the transformation in the physical characteristics of the residential buildings and their association with urban streets. To identify this system of transformation, one should recognize the characteristics of Tehran's urban texture, especially housing structures-from beginning of Qajar, up to its end- and scrutinizing variations. This encompasses the main core of the present paper which mainly resulted from field studies that are descriptively and comparatively presented here. Therefore, Qajar era could be considered as the origin of essential alteration in urbanism, space construction, and house building. The era in which the old texture of the city and the traditional assemble of houses dissolves and new texture resides. Although all these changes took place in one historical era, but considerable variations can be seen due to domestic characteristics of every district.

In any society and civilization, education plays a pivotal part which contributes to the progress of humanity. Education has been an integral part of human life from the time he used to live in communes. Yet its nature is inescapably interlocked with the social and religious norms and values inherent in the government of its time. Therefore the investigation of education can expose many of the historical characteristics of any age. This also paves the way for a thorough understanding of the process of education. Moreover, we need to survey the educational centers and their functions in a given country to come to understand the additional aspects of education. Using documents and itineraries from the age of Safaviyeh, this article tries to give a presentation of the kind of education and management practiced in Safaviyan schools. Based on a religious background for the period, this article also poses the question whether Safaviyan kings really believed in religious principles or not. Having teacher and learner as two fundamental components of an educational process, the next objective of this paper is to investigate the role and significance of each in education. It further goes through the schools, financial issues and the viewpoint of Orientalists towards education in the age of Safaviyeh.

Since inspection is a Legal issue and is closely related to the citizens’ rights, the amount of Knowledge the inspection authorities have regarding the rules and regulations can be of great importance. The present Study which is a Theoretical descriptive has been done through exploring documents related to human rights Conventions. The result of Studying the related rules and regulations is that reputation, Life, Property, rights, house, and job of citizens are immune against any invasion and such immunity has been clearly declared in our criminal Laws and The international documents.This Paper tries to elaborate on different aspects of the issue and aims at clarifying the role of I.R.I Police in this respect.

According to systems theory, husband and wife constitute a parent subsystem on which depends a healthy family functioning. Husband and wife satisfaction is related to their interaction and to how they nurture each other and their children. The aim of this study is to investigate aspects of marital satisfaction and marital status among employed and housewife women in Tehrn. A sample of 400 married (less than 5 years) women were chosen and classed in two groups: 200 employed and 200 housewives. They filled GRIMM and ENRICH questionnaires. The results were analyzed using t-test and frequency percentage methods. Findings showed that the employed women were more satisfied with their marriage and had fewer problems with their husband’s idealistic distortion, and their personality issues. They communicated better with their husbands and resolved conflicts more effectively. They were also more satisfied with their sexual relationships, and their family structure moved towards egalitarian style. Almost 40 percent of the subjects were not satisfied with their marriage reporting it as ‘poor’, ‘bad’, ‘severe problems’, and ‘very severe problems’. Concerning the employed women, 16.5 percent of them, compared to 23.5 percent of housewives described their marriage with ‘severe problems’, and ‘very severe problems’ that could threaten the marriage. These findings imply that the women’s employment had no negative effects on their marital satisfaction, and that employed women were more satisfied with their marriage. It seems that the issue of marital satisfaction needs more attention, help, and treatment.