جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "livelihood" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

One of the basic goals of any society is to achieve economic growth with less fluctuations. In fact, achieving sustainable economic growth and economic stability is one of the main goals of any country. If the existing economic base and the future perspective indicate economic stabilization, the path of long-term investment growth will be strengthened, otherwise, the capital will be inclined to the service, trading and hoarding sectors, and in the long term, it will reduce the economic growth rate. The results of the research show; Unfavorable economic factors such as unemployment, stagnation, inflation, poverty, increasing class gap, devaluation of the national currency and rent have an effect on social dissatisfaction in Tehran.

Native design of buildings is a branch of architecture based on local needs and available materials that reflect regional traditions. The city of Paveh in the northwestern Iranian province of Kermanshah has many valuable buildings, with some dating back to more than three thousand years which are stepped-type based the topography of the land. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of culture and livelihood on the physical and biological space formation of traditional houses in Paveh. Data were collected through measuring livelihood standard, geographical location, and type of materials, culture and environmental factors through observation method in spring 2023 and based on questionnaire as a tool. The data analysis was done through factor analysis and regression tests with Lisrel and SPSS software. Validation of the questionnaire was confirmed through content validity and its reliability was checked through Cronbach alpha (r=0.701). By confirmatory analysis, research components with a factor load above 0.4 were identified and confirmed. The ADJR2 index in the regression test showed that the research indicators predict 61% of the physical and biospatial variance of the traditional houses in Paveh. The component of culture and climate has the highest influence (beta=0.779) on the physical and spatial formation of traditional houses there. The results obtained from the observation method also showed that the cultural, social, religious, livelihood features include the use of natural materials, spatial hierarchy, proper separation of spaces, building houses on top or next to each other and paying attention to the environment, including the correct orientation, the use of brick laying, the appropriate dimensions of the openings, etc. which have been the most important factors in bodily and spatial formation of houses in Paveh.

he purpose of this research is to qualitatively study the phenomenon of early marriage of girls using grounded theory method. This research was conducted with a qualitative method and a data-based theory approach. The studied population was married women of Puldekhtar villages. The sampling method was also "purposive and theoretical sampling". The tool of data collection was "in-depth interview", based on which theoretical saturation was achieved after interviewing 18 of these women. In order to analyze the data, the "Osterus and Corbin" approach was used, and based on it, three stages of open, central and selective coding were used for data analysis. The findings show that the central phenomenon of this research is "early marriage as subjugation". The causal conditions governing this phenomenon include "gender collective unconscious and fear of absolute celibacy". Background conditions include "social supervision as a social blockage, marriage as a moral normative tour and fatalism" and the intervening conditions on the central phenomenon are: "competitive tendencies, inefficiency of university education, livelihood thinking and calculationism". The strategy in facing this phenomenon is "surrender and adaptation" and its consequence is "inhibition from education, dominance and violence, sexual exploitation and mental and motivational crisis".

To do this, we conducted grounded theory and in-depth semi-structured interviews. Also, we used purposive sampling to recruit 15 male and female adults who lived in Tehran. Then, we read the data and coded significant statements and 12 main categories and the core category of ‘erosion of health and livelihood in the crisis and failure of change management’. The results showed that the corona epidemic has affected the quality of people's livelihood and health system, and has had consequences such as physical and mental damage and employment vulnerability. In addition, casual and contextual conditions such as intra-occupational mechanisms, awareness of prevention methods, disease experience, individual's assessment of the government's performance, and the level of social support have been effective in facing these consequences.

Scholars of the history of the Iranian Constitutional Revolution have studied the economic Causes of that Revolution and emphasized the inefficient role of Macroeconomic Structure, Corruption, budget deficit, lack of economic infrastructure, foreign debt, and the negative consequences of iran’s orbiting capitalist economic relations. The present article, while confirming the role of the mentioned factors in creating the beginning of the Constitutional Movement in iran, has considered the economic Causes of the Constitutional Revolution from the perspective of the role of Livelihood factors and examines this issue by emphasizing the basic question that: has the living conditions of iran, in the decade leading up to the Constitutional Revolution, influenced the beginning of thr Iranian Constitutional Movement? The hypothesis of the present Study is that the damages caused by irans political economy in the decade leading up to the Constitutional Revolution were significantly reflected in the living conditions of the people and this caused a crisis in livelihood and consequently general dissatisfaction and revolt and with the unresponsiveness and ineffectiveness of dissatisfaction and revolts, the way has been paved for the Constitutional Revolution. The findings of the study show that The livelihood crisis provided the basis for the formation of livelihood riots and subsequent political demands in the Constitutional Revolution.  The method of the present study is historical with adescriptive – analytical approach. The aim of this study is to explain the relationship between economic variables and the revolutionary movement of Iranian Constitutionalism.

The present study examines the effects of smuggling on lifestyle and livelihood of the border residents

This research is descriptive-analytic, and data were collected using a researcher-made questionnaire. The statistical population includes the frontier villages of Baneh, which are located at a maximum depth of 25 km. In sample selection, cluster sampling method was used at three levels of 5, 15 and 25 km distances that 380 households were selected as a statistical sample.

The results of the study indicate a significant difference in the penetration rate of smuggling at different frontier levels. According to the results, those people who had a livelihood dependent on smuggling of goods had higher economic capital, but their human and social capitals are at a lower level, also most border residents believed that smuggling of goods had a positive effect on their livelihoods and that their economic situation would be affected if the borders were closed.

In fact, the smuggling or Kolbari as an alternative livelihoods has promoted the level of household’s livelihood so that they are dependent on smuggling, especially the economic capital. Although it is implicitly pointed in this paper that influential people and those indirectly engaged in these affairs or those that have a degree of supervisory role are the ones who gain a large part of of the profits of various informal businesses, such as smuggling

This paper aims to find out how the poor met their needs in the market during tough times post- economic liberation era. This qualitative study draws upon theories of everyday life and by ethnographic method. Findings indicate that market development in poor communities made marginal groups, facing a rigid and brutal market, take shelter in more flexible and customer-friendly market for survival; this is something the researcher calls initialization of market, which is a way of realizing needs in a market consistent with the insecure and unstable conditions of the poor. However, the liberation shocks left a set of paradoxes and resistances in poor communities, which in turn led to further weakening of the intimate market’s scope of activities.

Spiritual perfection is man’s ultimate and the loftiest goal in this world which is the only place where this goal may be materialized. Unless one struggles to achieve spiritual perfection in this world, there is no other place where man can realize and attain this objective. Life is what we have from the world. The world and our life in it are more important than they are often assumed. Without doubt, satisfaction in life leads to prosperity and success. Success depends on “life skills” or on acquiring the skills necessary for satisfaction in life. It is therefore necessary to acquire the skills required for satisfaction and contentment in life because one who is deprived of such skills will not achieve success. In order to be satisfied in life, we must have realistic expectations. That is, we must know that the world is transient and mortal and it is not worth having feelings of attachment to it. One of the most important challenges facing man’s life is the problem of earning one’s livelihood which, as per the ahadith [traditions], God has guaranteed. We must therefore be hopeful that God will sustain us as He has guaranteed.