جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « mental models » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Background and

Traffic accidents are one of the main challenges in the field of road transportation and safety. Various factors such as the condition of the road, human factors, vehicles and the surrounding environment play an important role in the occurrence of the accidents. Modifying or removing accident-prone points has a significant effect on improving the level of safety and reducing road accidents. These changes can minimize damages and losses caused by accidents. The purpose of this research is to identify the indicators of accident-prone areas of Haraz road in Mazandaran province based on the mental patterns of heavy vehicle drivers.

This research is applied in terms of objective, descriptive method and in terms of data collection and analysis; it is mixed (qualitative-quantitative). Data collection tool is structured interview and Q table. In the qualitative part, by conducting a structured interview with 30 drivers of heavy vehicles (people according to previous records) and analyzing them by thematic method, different opinions were extracted regarding urban accidents (70 statements and 30 items).

Based on the obtained results, six mental models have been presented to determine the indicators of accident-prone points based on the perspective of heavy vehicle drivers.

The result of this research showed that the expressions of sudden reduction in road width, sharp and steep turns with reduced visibility and limited one were the most important factors from the heavy vehicle drivers’ perspective.

Policy makers’ mental models provide a sound basis for Public policies’ forms and contents in every state. Interaction and discourse of the models (dynamics of models) can improve the context quality for policies’ formation. In process of public policy analysis, having an explanation for assumptions, values and mental models of policy makers is the most important function of policy analysts. One of the most common methods in this area is drawing of public policy makers’ cognitive maps. In this article, the method is explored and analyzed in terms of entity, historical evolution, a way of implementation (data elicitation, coding rules, merging and standardization, intercoder reliability, validity and reliability), an applied case in policy making field (presenting and interpreting Excerpt from a pre-crisis cognitive map of former German Chancellor Angela Merkel)  as well as criticism of it. Finally, Implications of the method for policy researchers are presented. This method elicits underlying values and assumptions easier, and less costly than many other eliciting methods.

The present study tries to present the cycle of communication biosystem with approaches of mental models based on theories of meaning. The research method is of the basic purpose type and the qualitative content analysis method is deductive. Gathering information through review of research and analysis of related literature, as well as integration of research conducted is the basis for presenting the findings and explaining the results. The research community includes the basic concepts of studying texts based on unstructured matrices. In the research process, by studying the initial concepts in 6 stages, new concepts have been added. The validity and reliability of the research is based on the reliability of the researched texts. The analysis of previous researches shows that evaluating the communication system with an objective and subjective approach in solving the four communication problems has led to the formation of communication forms in the process of communication elements. Feelings and information processing mechanisms - create the communication cycle of the communication system with the involvement of individuals and professionals. The life cycle of communication will bring life and dynamism to the mind of the communicator and the communicator by emphasizing the "existence of meaning in the mind, not in the message." It is suggested that the life cycle of communication be examined by philosophical explanation of theories of meaning based on the cognitive representation of the mind and seems to lead to the analysis of a new discourse and communication network.