جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « methods » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Participatory governance is one of the successful approaches in public management and community administration. This approach reduces many challenges and problems in society and leads to an increase in social capital. To solve complex and multi-layered social issues and problems, successful governments work hard to improve public participation. But sometimes the lack of knowledge of effective methods and tools in this approach makes it not optimally used. In this article, the methods and tools of participatory governance in the socio-cultural field are examined. The method of this research is content analysis and using this method, data has been collected and checked with the help of library and internet sources, and then, by analyzing the collected data, the methods and tools of participatory governance have been extracted. In the following, with the help of 32 experts and academic and organizational experts in this field, the desired components have been identified with 17 indicators and in two main categories of methods and tools. The findings show that 8 methods of voting, surveying and polling, consultation, collective decision-making, production of common literature, networking and team building, information sharing, and collective work are among the most important methods of implementing participatory governance and 9 tools such as social media, social innovators, voluntary groups, a system of criticisms and suggestions, virtual platforms, educational texts, art, commanding good and forbidding evil and holding meetings are among the most important social and cultural tools of participatory governance in the country.

The phenomenon such as Ideological war, immigration, globalization, etc. make dialogues among religions inevitable. The Christians comparatively are the main players to have dialogue among religions so, their clergymen have been trained many techniques to be successful in this matter. Meanwhile this issue has been mostly neglected among Muslims who are the most important target for dialogue. The main issue in this essay are as below: -What responsibility the university has in dialogue among religions? -is there any contradiction between the expecting role-playing of university and its responsibility? -How university can access the needed results? It seems, it is university’s responsibility to have planning and strategy for teaching dialogue among religions which is truly possible through peace and social welfare and research, Because the infrastructure for teaching dialogue among religions should be knowledge-oriented, effective, ethical and value-base. This knowledge beside formulating values and goals of religions, it creates respects to cultural and social features of different religions. The current essay has been assigned to formulate the necessity of teaching dialogue among religions at university by descriptive- analytic method.

In this article, "Shariati's methodology" in the field of religious studies has been reviewed from the perspective of humanities. Here, the author has tried to ask and inquire upon the question of what is the basis of Shariati's methodological view on the category of religion. Then, in order to test the Shariati's approach in the sociological study of religions, the author has tried to explore the Shariati's methodology based on a critical approach. Of course, the author has tried to critically review the discussion of Shariati's "methodology" in the context of the humanities by relying on Shariati's own works rather than secondary literatures. Of course, the author has tried to critically review Shariati's discussion of "methodology" in the context of the humanities, relying on Shariati's works, and the point is that most of the works have been indifferent to Shariati's text, and his critics have even wrongly argued that Shariati does not discuss the methodology of the humanities in general, and religion, in particular. But a critical reading of the text can lead to more fundamentally different results, and our attempt has been to examine this dimension of Shariati's thought.

Recent advancements in the social impact assessment of science have shown the diverse methodologies being developed to monitor and evaluate the improvements for society as a result of research. These assessment methods include indicators to gather both quantitative and qualitative evidence of the social impact of science achieved in the short, medium, and long terms. In psychology, the impact of research has been mainly analyzed in relation to scientific publications in journals, but less is known about the methods for the social impact assessment of psychological research. Impact assessment in the domains of educational psychology and organizational psychology presents synergies with bottom-up approaches that include the voices of citizens and stakeholders in their analyses. Along these lines, the communicative methodology (CM) emerges as a methodology useful for the communicative evaluation of the social impact of research. Although the CM has widely demonstrated social impact in the social sciences, less is known about how it has been used and the impact achieved in psychological research. This article unpacks how to achieve social impact in psychology through the CM. In particular, it focuses on the theoretical underpinnings of the CM, the postulates linked to psychological research and some key actions for the implementation of the CM in relation to the design of Advisory Committees, working groups, and plenary meetings in research. Furthermore, it shows how the CM has been implemented in illustrative cases in psychological research. The article finishes with a conclusion and recommendations to further explore the ways in which the CM enables the social impact of research in psychology..

Critical analysis of scientific productions highlights the strengths and weaknesses of authors and avoids the weaknesses. Achieving the desired perfection in the compilation of academic resources is possible after explicit and constructive criticism. In this article, “Scientific Research, Its Foundations, Methods and Principles, Procedures”, written by Mostafa Robhi Alianhas, been criticized. The results of the critique and review of this book show that this book, despite some strengths such as the use of many and varied sources, the use of exercises and tables and diagrams that have played an effective role in explaining and teaching concepts, however, have many defects in the field of form and content, unfortunately. The most important formal defects include lack of strict observance of general rules of writing, interpretive and syntactic errors due to incorrect use of words and combinations, lack of formal comprehensiveness due to lack of introduction and methodical conclusion. The most important content shortcomings include repetition of the subject, incomplete arrangement and chaptering, superficial and hasty review, reliance on compilation and collection, and as a result, lack of critique and innovation.

The biggest problem in evidence collection of crime scenes is not only the quality and quantity of the available equipment, but also the lack of training, not using new techniques and methods of evidence collection due to the importance and effective role of material reasons in the crime scene. It is offered for those who deal with crime scene investigation and gathering evidence and reasons in some way, to gain the necessary training and experience in this field, so the purpose of this study is to scientific promote the crime scene investigation experts and laboratories by studying libraries to identify evidence collection methods were determined from the bite site of the victims. The effects of biting are among the unique material reasons resulting from the surface pressure on the other surface, which are observed in two-dimensional and three-dimensional designs and by using powder spraying methods as well as molding, which is unique to three-dimensional designs of biting effects. Among the proposed methods, which itself has a high technical diversity, is the method of shooting with a camera and special filters that cause the least damage to the work itself and allow experts to evidence collection several times. Photography using ultraviolet light, which accurately shows details, and infrared light, which can illuminate the basic features of works, can provide accurate and usable works for experts to document.

Understanding various methods in educational preaching is important. In this research we attempted to provide ways of educational preaching base on the general principles of preaching. The method used to achieve this goal is a library method. The results show that general principles of preaching can be converted into seven principles of education which can categories in two general parts: general (including ambition, diversity, multi-purpose and harmonious behavior), and special (including sensory perception, reduction of
disruptive factors and convincing). The general principles include all methods, but each specific principle implies only its own methods. Methods such as repetition, exposure to results of actions, use of allegory, and the like are obtained from the principle of sensory perception. The principle of reducing disruptive factors consists of three methods including reconciliation, censorship, abominate and friendship, and the principle of persuasion also implies methods of love, comparison, debate, and so on. The results of this research indicate that it is possible to take advantage of various methods in Educational preaching.

Based on the Islamic worldview, there is a special strategy for sexual education, which has advantages and disadvantages compared to other views. In this regard, this research has tried to explain the religious strategy based on religious sources in order to show the strategy of Islam towards this field in order to achieve the Islamic model of sexual education. Drawing the lines of Islamic thought in sexual education and orienting its educational guidelines and targeting the activities of educators and parents in the field of exercising, as well as the proper application of the documents and instructions for sexual education can show the necessity of this research. Findings of this study show that, in the context of the theory of sexual education, the view of Islam in this field of education, contrary to other ideas, is not merely world-oriented and not exclusively future-oriented but the enjoyment of the worldly benefits is no contradictions with the original purpose of divine proximity. In addition, sexual education continues in Islam before the birth of a person until it is in worldly life. Also, based on dimensions of human existence and attention to the basics of the formation of arbitrary behavior and according to the orders of the religious sources, three cognitive, emotional and behavioral areas were inferred on three levels of context for the implementation of educational guidelines.

Internalizaon of Efaf is one of the significant subject areas of Islamic educaon. It refers to the acons taken by a trainer to create and reinforce connence in the trainee. The present study seeks to idenfy the methods of internalizing the moral value of Efaf in the light of Islamic and psychological texts. Examining the contents of the Islamic texts on the issue of Efaf, this paper draws out from them the related methods by making content analysis. The research findings point to the influenal methods (behavioral ones) for internalizing Efaf, which are: 1. exemplificaon and seng a paern; 2. affecon, compassion, and devoon; 3.maintaining self-esteem; 4. habituaon and adjustment; 5. encouragement; 6. punishment; 7. hypothesizing; 8. exerng aracon; 9. prescripon and proscripon; 10. consulng; 11. conniving and disregarding; 12. representaon; 13. Playing games; 14 benefing from art; 15. poetry, lyrics, didacc literature; 16. quesons and answers.

Drug abuse and its crimes is one of the biggest problems in all countries, including Iran. According to available statistics More than half of the prisoners in connection with drug Remain in jail As increasing numbers of addicts And various anomalies of Addiction In the Community Marker Lack of effectiveness of the preventive measures taken in the country. Accordingly, given the need to determine the most effective method of contraception Of crime and drug addiction in society, In this research by examining a variety of practical strategies for prevention Including faith-based substance abuse prevention, rule-based and community-based (Family-centered, prevention-oriented educational institutions, community-based), Relevant indicators based on the criteria specified, The questionnaire has been set to act. 76 persons and experts active The Committee on Prevention Coordinating Council member organizations that are struggling with drug Ardabil, How to complete the questionnaire and opinion In particular, the effect of preventing a variety of indicators, Prevention of drug addiction and crime have action. According to information obtained from the questionnaires, Practical strategies for the prevention of crime and drug addiction, Family-based prevention is the most effective prevention.

Context and

Restorative justice tries to manage shareholders of criminal phenomenon and with improving the efficiency of the criminal justice system seeks to redress and repair the damages caused by crime and involvement of people, local communities, criminals and victims in a collaborate environment. In this paper, the credibility and status of restorative justice in the legalsocial system in Iran and Canada are discussed.

Present paper is attributive and used library-based resources.

Restorative justice has different principles and is executed in the form of several methods such as mediation, family group conferencing and victim- offender circles. Today, because of the ability of restorative justice, many countries implement it. Iran still does not have much influence on the discourse of restorative justice in the legal system and still certain models of the classic criminal justice rules on it, which in several respects cannot permit intervention of local communities and victims of crimes and gives prevailed power to the judiciary system as the main authority. Canada is among leading countries that institutionalized this discourse in its legal system, and uses reconciliative procedure for many crimes.

The present study shows the existence of a systematic practice of restorative justice in the criminal policy of Canada and its apparent interaction approach to criminal policy in Iran.

Studies show the distant past to the social fabric of communities, models and ways of resolving disputes between individuals was used. For example, in primitive societies governing the tribal system, settlement of claims and disputes will be done by the elders and tribal leaders. In this form, public trust and confidence in the peaceful, peaceful place, his claims were judged by them and the trust, this procedure leads to community cohesion and solidarity is, and the community of split and segregation was maintained. Models and methods of geographical analysis dispute resolution is a new approach in this regard. This document is intended geographic analysis models and techniques resolving disputes in the villages of the region of Sistan approache will be studied. This research method is descriptive - analysis to gather information about the library, documentation and field methods The using of SPSS analysis and GIS was and the purpose of the research objective indicators of the status of claims settlement procedures in the form of a point indicator was then evaluated by comparing identification components concessions for vulnerable people and can be made in result need. Factors related model proposed in this paper analyzes are determined to ensure that 90 percent were significant in explaining the dependent parameters. Finally, planning a trust, the greater tendency of villagers to address the basic steps to be taken out of court.

Science and technology has provided in communications new tools for Actors in the International System. Media in the field of psychological warfare are the best and most modern propaganda tool for the realization of the goals of Western Countries. After the Revolution, United State of America due to blocked channels formal diplomatic, has used propaganda tools, in particular against the Islamic Republic of Iran. USA use propaganda against Iran through VOA TV and Radio channels and Radio Farda. Now Voice ofAmericaTV, every day, 5 hours, produces diversified and effective programs witha focus onnews from Iran. Parasite program is the most interesting (according to its practitioners) its programs. This research uses the content analysis method for investigating the program.
The result of this research showed that themes in the program are indivisible in three political, social and economic contexts. Techniques such create division and conflict division and conflict (6%), Sweeping generalizations (some true), encouragement and Card stacking each with5% where the most using.

We live in a world where the pace of life it is great to have around in such a way that every day inventions and new discoveries are made and the subsequent methods and Practices are also changing. In such a world where every day is different from the day before، adapting and Adjusting to it، along with science and Academic achievements and eyes shut and Ignorance، backwardness، naturally، the couple said. Language of the creatures is one of the categories and the content and Themes and Even its shape is consistent with the present Otherwise rehash and Handful of information and rather old and Old No performance will be. Arabic is not the exception to the rule since the traditional form of teaching is the field، must change Changes in curriculum and methods of rats be discouraged from students and wave the consequences are not irreversible. This paper is referred to in other emerging fields of foreign languages، some headlines and the new approach is proposed، which is to update and the use of Arabic literature can help.

A paramilitary organization like Basij can fulfill its own various missions in social, cultural, political and security fields provided that it organizes its missions and tasks effectively and efficiently, and benefit from the existing options. One of the methods is psychological operation. The present research is to look into the mechanisms and processes of benefiting from efficient psychological operation by Basij. In this research, survey method is used to achieve its major and minor objectives. For this purpose, the sample comments of 72 managers and experts familiar with mission fields of Basij measured through benefiting from a selfmade scale with validity of 0.87. The results indicated that firstly, majority of the respondents consider benefiting from psychological operation essential. Secondly, through benefiting from psychological operation, Basij can conduct its missions more effectively. Thirdly, among strategies of psychological operation used by Basij, some strategies are more effective. Fourthly, some psychological operation techniques are more effective than others. Finally, Basij should use some strategies, methods and techniques of psychological operation more than the others to enhance its efficiency.

In the newly published textbook of historiology for pre-university students، subjects like literature، art، and mankind have been used to introduce and discuss many of the fundamental topics in the field. It has been mentioned that the connection between history and these sciences has an important and delicate role in informing the readers about the truths، providing them with a new insight. Since in real life situations، students’ account of different subjects is holistic، this integrated approach in the newly published book can open their eyes to new perspectives، and also provide them with new opportunities regarding history and historiography. In this way، they can recall and reconstruct their roots and identity inspired by noble values. Therefore، the book has been reviewed by some of the opinion holders and experienced teachers after the book was written، and before its use in educational settings as a textbook. These reviews provided new insight into how it can be revised in order to be more effective and proper in the teaching-learning process. It is worth to mention that comparing to the other books in the field، this book benefits from a new approach and its content and the number of pages are compatible with the syllabus guideline. Furthermore، notable weak or positive points have been considered. In this study، data gathering has been done through open-ended questionnaires and interviews. In general، the results Reflect some positive and some negative reviews، and in some cases constructive suggestions are introduced.