جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « non » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

 The aim of this study was to investigating the relationship between intolerance of uncertainty and non-suicidal self-injury in adolescent girls.

 The statistical population consisted of all female students of the second secondary school who were studying in the city of Shush during the academic year 1401-1402. For this study, 380 students selected by multi-stage cluster sampling method. To collect data from Gratz Deliberate Self-Harm Inventorys Questionnaire (DSHI) and Uncertainty of Tolerance (IUS). Data analysis was performed by simultaneous regression method and using SPSS 26 software.

The obtained results showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between self-injury in teenage girls and intolerance of indecision. In other words, the higher the level of intolerance of uncertainty in teenage girls, the higher the self-harm. Intolerance of uncertainty predicts 10.3% of the variable variance of self-injury rate. P >0/01.

Therefore, the results of this research can be used in training, prevention, and intervention for mental health and education professionals to reduce the risk of self-injury and suicide among teenagers

The purpose of this book is to find the answer to the failure of the modernization project in the Middle East. He does this by tracing the fundamental contradictions of the culture of the region. Louay Safi after reviewing the formation of the mentality of development in ideas of Descartes and Kant, then he discussed the comparison of two theoretical models of Marxian and Weberian development. He through giving priority to structures of knowledge and culture, clarifies his position on this matter. The author analyzes the notion of intellectuals in the Muslim world since the beginning of facing with two layers of the Western modern civilization, the colonial and technological progress. He tries to analyze Arab and Muslim scholar's exposure to the problem of tradition-modernity through showing how they deal with of Islamic and Arabic heritage. Safi, finally, believes that a local development will be achieved by meant of an active and critical return to the Arab Islamic heritage; and the path of development leads not only to the West. Although the author claims that he goes beyond the Western models, but in the end, he just presents an overall view, namely the need to refer to the heritage development. Therefore, this work can only be considered as an entry in necessity of the local development. Furthermore, it also can be seen methodological confusion and discord in the book.

The question of the purity or impurity of non-Muslims has always attracted the attention of the Islamic Jurists. The importance of this question has been due to the fact that the social and political interactions between Muslims and non-Muslims were quite inevitable. The present article is concerned first to examine the notion of purity and impurity as viewed by the Sunni and Shiite jurists and then decide what they think of the purity or impurity of non-Muslims. It will finally criticize the views of some of the jurists.

This study aimed to evaluate and compare the quality of life in men addicted and non-addicted city of Assaluyeh was done. The Statistical populationof 106 people addicted and 59 non-addicted people were, Who were selected using random sampling method were compared. Data the Using a quality of life questionnaire (SF-36) were collected and analyzed using independent T-test was used. The results showed that there is a significant difference between groups in quality of life This means that substance abuse may be their quality of life in the four dimensions (physical, psychological, social and spiritual) influence.

The quality of college life means the overall satisfaction of students from the college life as a whole which is affected by different aspects of life based on the theory of generalization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of college life among local and non-local students from non-state universities in Tehran. This study is developmental with respect to the aim and uses survey method for data gathering. The statistical population of the study are undergraduate students and 500 samples are chosen from the universities in the target population randomly and data are gathered using the questionnaire designed by the researcher the validity of the questionnaire has been verified based on the views of 5 experts and using some similar tested questionnaires as a model. The reliability has been estimated using Alpha Cronbach’s index by pre-test of 15 samples about 0.86. To data analyze SPSS software and statistical tests are used. The quality of the college life of students has been evaluated significantly lower than average and the quality of college life of non-local students is significantly higher than the quality of college life of local students. The low quality of college life shows that higher education policies on quality and national resources productivity have had low effectiveness. Dissatisfaction of students, as the key stakeholder of higher education system, from quality of college life could be a starting point to stray away from the higher education missions and philosophies. It is necessary that academic managers and leaders make serious decisions to promote the quality of college life. The higher education without the quality of college life, will be defeating the purpose.

The quality of college life means the overall satisfaction of students from the college life as a whole which is affected by different aspects of life based on the theory of generalization. The aim of this study is to evaluate the quality of college life among local and non-local students from non-state universities in Tehran. This study is developmental with respect to the aim and uses survey method for data gathering. The statistical population of the study are undergraduate students and 500 samples are chosen from the universities in the target population randomly and data are gathered using the questionnaire designed by the researcher the validity of the questionnaire has been verified based on the views of 5 experts and using some similar tested questionnaires as a model. The reliability has been estimated using Alpha Cronbach’s index by pre-test of 15 samples about 0.86. To data analyze SPSS software and statistical tests are used. The quality of the college life of students has been evaluated significantly lower than average and the quality of college life of non-local students is significantly higher than the quality of college life of local students. The low quality of college life shows that higher education policies on quality and national resources productivity have had low effectiveness. Dissatisfaction of students, as the key stakeholder of higher education system, from quality of college life could be a starting point to stray away from the higher education missions and philosophies. It is necessary that academic managers and leaders make serious decisions to promote the quality of college life. The higher education without the quality of college life, will be defeating the purpose.

Today¡ leisure time is changing by globalization and using of information technology. Most of people especially women prefer to spend their leisure time by modern technologies. Thus¡ they spend their leisure time to look up satellite programs and use of the internet. This research has done for sociological consideration of the globalization of communications (internet & satellite) on leisure time. Young women in Chalous city of Mazandaran state are regarded as statistical population and statistical sampling is determined 374 persons based on Cochran model. This paper uses related theories in theoretical foundations and finally introduces the theoretical model of the research. Here¡ by using field studies and survey method¡ questionnaire distributed after validation and reliability among interviewees. By data collection¡ they are analyzed based on inferential statistics and using SPSS program. Results show inverse relation between use of internet and active leisure time¡ internet and non-active leisure time¡ satellite and non-active leisure time¡ internet and traditional leisure time¡ use of satellite and traditional leisure time and meaningful relation between use of the internet and traditional–modern leisure time and the satellite and traditional–modern leisure time. Also¡ there is no relation between satellite and active leisure time.

Recent developments in the world, particularly revolutions, coups and wars during the recent century, have led to the development of different theories about social movements. Perhaps, one of the latest theories that has been widely used in the closing years of the twentieth century is the theory of non-violence for bringing about social and political changes in different societies. Imam Khomeini and Mahatma Gandhi are among the leaders who used the theory of non-violence in their struggles. The present paper is an attempt to study the differences and similarities of the ideas of Imam Khomeini and Mahatma Gandhi about the concept of non-violence through comparatively method. The findings of this paper indicate that both Imam Khomeini and Mahatma Gandhi believed in non-violence and applied this method in their struggles; the idea of non-violence has its roots in the religious teachings the two leaders followed; and the anthropology of both the leaders, despite stemming from different fundamentals, gets close to each other and consequently leaves its impact on their method of struggle.

Among the conditions by the jurisprudents for correctness of a transaction is that the exchanged items should be non-restricted or should be free from encumbrance. On this basis, the jurisprudents do not allow the transaction of a mortgaged or endowed item. However, whether this condition is an independent one or not has not been discussed by the jurisprudents. The Iranian Penal Code does not mention non-restrictedness as a condition for correctness of a transaction, rather it mentions some of its referents such as transaction of a mortgaged or endowed item. In viewpoint of some jurisprudents, lack of existence of reason for encumbrance as a condition for correctness of a transaction, causes the condition of non-restrictedness in each referent of this subject to require a specific reason. Hence, according to some jurisprudents and jurists, encumbrance is a general title which hinders any interference which is in contravention with that specific right. Given the multiplicity of emergent referents regarding lack of being non-restricted and association of other’s rights in contemporary era, one may argue that being free from encumbrance is a condition for transaction, opposition to which would lead to the ineffectiveness of the deal.

This research is a comparative study of entrepreneurial characteristics of founders of non-governmental high school in Tehran. The research population was the female and male’s founders of non-governmental high school in Tehran (totally 507 persons). The sample was 213 people (90 women and 123 men) were selected by cluster sampling. The data were collected through questionnaire that measured two entrepreneurial characteristics including personality and cognitive-skill. The results indicated that the entrepreneurial characteristics of male and female founders of non-governmental high schools are relatively good. There is no significant difference between men and women in terms of entrepreneurial characteristics. Ambiguity tolerance of women entrepreneurs and independence of men entrepreneurs evaluated as an undesirable item. Also the personality and cognitive-skill characteristics there are no significant difference in both groups of men and women. There is no significant difference between personality characteristics between men and women entrepreneurs, except in independence and tolerance of ambiguity.

This study aimed at determining personality traits, cognitive strategies of emotion regulation, attachment styles, and brain-behavioral systems as predictors of impulsiveness, active and non-active addiction potential among university students.
All the male students of Azad University of Ahwaz in the academic year 2013-2014 constituted the statistical population of this study. The number of 360 students was selected from this population as the sample of the study via simple random sampling method. The participants filled out Addiction Potential Scale, Barrett Impulsiveness Scale, NEO-Five Factor Inventory, Hazan & Shaver's Attachment Scale, Behavioural Inhibition System and Behavioural Activation System (BIS/BAS) scale, and Cognitive Emotion Regulation Questionnaire. Pearson and Canonical correlation coefficients were used for data analysis.
The results of canonical correlation analysis indicated that the strongest relationship with the first Canonical dimension existed between impulsiveness from the first set of variables (dependent) and Behavioral Activation System from the second set of variables (independent).
People with a higher Behavioral Activation System have also a higher level of impulsivity. This is of vital importance in the treatment and prevention cases.

Many scholars believe that the absence of a scientific understanding of sociology Reference groups and students in particular in terms of their function leads to significant mistakes and lapses in dealing with youth. The purpose research is Sociological analysis going to investigate the relationship between social identity with the type of selection is the reference group Kermanshah Razi University students. The study was quantitative survey method and 313 students, the population of 10015 people Razi University in Kermanshah with non-probability quota sampling method collected and analyzed. For the analysis of data correlation test through SPSS statistical software have been used Cramer Fi. Registration- non-membership reference group of students in three dimensions, membership, insiders - outsiders, pluralist and combination indexed the results show that the correlation between social identity dimensions (religious, national and global), with the reference group dimensions (membership-insiders, non-Registration- outsiders diverse mixed) existed, but between ethnic identity and membership the reference group relationship existed

Mehdi Golshani has argued that religious beliefs not only direct scientific researches and the applications of science, but have a key role in justification and assessment of fundamental scientific theories. Mikael Stenmark agrees with Golshani only upon the first claim, but has his counterarguments against his second averment. In this article, attempts have been made to demonstrate that the non-epistemic values, such as religious ones, have an indirect role in assessing scientific theories. To do that, the thesis of transient underdetermination and its use in the case of quantum mechanics with the standard interpretation and Bohmian mechanics will be employed.

The issue of the look at a non-Mahram with the aim of marriage is different from the prohibition of the look at a non-Mahram. Regarding the prior importance of the look for marrying, the purpose of this research is to investigate the judicial limits of the look at a non-Mahram with the aim of marriage, its reason, and ambiguous cases of this issue. The following questions also have been answered: what are the limits of allowable look? Does the permission of the look depend whether the proposer first does elementary searches about the girl and like her from all aspects or he can judicially have a look at her before doing searches? Are boys permitted to have a look at many girls in order to choose a girl with the aim of marriage? What is the reason the look at a non-Mahram is permitted with the aim of marriage? This analytical-descriptive research concludes that the proposer is permitted to have a look at the girl›s face and two hands, hair, and even body over her clothes and just the aim of marriage will not be enough to have the permission of the look at many girls. In addition, reasons for the permission of the look are the followings: not to harm men in paying the dowry, and to marry consciously in order to form a stable family on the basis of love and affection.

As a representative set of rules and regulations and general law and discredit the policies and thinking, setting principles and objectives of criminal policy, and of course the main source of law is also a good criminal policy. This study aims to examine the effect of legislative measures in preventing non-criminal traffic violations after the rate change of law enforcement is handling traffic violations. Non-criminal prevention, through a set of actions that reduce or Azbynbrdn Jrmza causes and circumstances of the crime indicate inadequate to prevent crime from happening is. The aim of this study is determining which categories of legal non-criminal actions had an impact on the rate of traffic violations. This study is among the applied research and from aspects of data collection method is descriptive survey. The survey instrument was a questionnaire whose validity and reliability is provided. The study population consisted expert Tehran and major accidents, 71 people were questioned by rey distributed and then collected data was analyzed. The findings suggest that preventive non-criminal legal measures in the field of social prevention and situational prevention has had a great impact on the rate of traffic violations. In this context, according to results, reduce drivers committing traffic violations in situational prevention and social prevention component on social protection sector, had the greatest impact on the rate of traffic violations.

Throughout the history, women have played an outstanding role in social, political, and economic transformations. Today, despite widespread developments in humanities and natural sciences, women contribution in economic and occupational activities is still low. In developmental plans, a question that is often posed is whether or not women limited contribution is due to traditional and religious beliefs. In this research, 16 developed and developing countries (bothMuslim and non-Muslim) were selected and the status of women in Muslim and non-Muslim countries was compared through statistical analyses of women contribution in the labor market of these countries. Ultimately, through numerical taxonomy it was shown that the countries that have provided better occupational conditions for women enjoy better economic indices, and religious differences have played no role in women rate of contribution.

At present time most countries of the world had always been considered the non-agent anti-jet fighter cannon as one of the most effective and permanent defensive style against the civil or foreign threats. Also in Iran regarding the strategic position of the east frontier localities of the country، since a long time ago south Khorasan for reposing in the course of Silk Road in commerce and merchandize transaction and by having the most common boundary line with Afghanistan had been enjoyed proper and special importance. Among this the role of non-agent anti-jet fighter cannon and territory logistics and specially the logistics of frontier localities becomes salient. One of the proper anti-jet fighter cannon strategies in frontier localities of the province for confrontation with threats is the establishment and expansion of boundary small markets activities because this small markets has been the obvious evidence of the people’s participation in economic affairs of the region which can caused the permanency of frontiersman and prevent their continuous immigration and this matter leads to the stable expansion and security of the region. This research with descriptive-analytic method and by reliance to the library and field sources (the interviews and authors observations) has been considered the role of Mahirood’s small boundary markets of Sarbisheh in undertaking the safety of the frontier localities of the province from the viewpoint of non-agent anti-jet fighter cannon. The study findings of the present research indicates that this small boundary market from the past years has been as one of the important crows of the beginning of occupation، stabilization of the frontiersmen population، decreasing of privation and the expansion of commercial relations with neighboring countries and permanently has an outstanding effect in economic activities and establishing the safety of Sarbisheh region and even all of the province.

Sexual harassment is a type of violence against women. It is defined as the range of behavior and imposing undesirable sexual accompanied with rape and pussy lust look. In this study the rate of types of sexual harassment (verbal, non-verbal and physical) and its effective factors (social and economic) among women were closely examined. Survey method was done through distributing questionnaire among 350 women 25-50 years old from Sari, Mazandaran province were selected by multistage cluster random sampling. The results indicated that all women have experienced the non-verbal harassment, ninety five percent of them physical harassment and about ninety percent have experienced verbal harassment. The hypothesis testing indicated that there is a significant difference in the rate of verbal and non-verbal sexual harassment among women with different educational and marital status. Furthermore there was also a significant difference in the rate of the verbal harassment experiences among Employed and non-employed women. The correlation coefficient proved that the rate of all three types of sexual harassment (verbal, non-verbal and physical) was higher among younger women with fewer children. victim's characteristics such as being young and their presence in public places (based on their education and activity status) can increase the risk of being raped or harassed. Therefore women of all socio-economic characteristics are subjected to sexual harassment. In fact the experience of such social vulnerability is rooted and affected in gender variable. This phenomenon is caused by social inequality, besides cultural and social structure play significant roles in its creation, preservation and survival in society.

In today's modern world, an important part of the children and adults’ education programs occurs their children's leisure time; the way of spending the leisure time in teenagers can be effective in their growth and efficiency, which certainly manifests in the future of those children and the society. The present study aimed to assess the amount, type and the way of spending leisure time in children and adults living in slum and non-slum areas. This study was a cross-sectional survey. The research population consisted of all the children between 7 and 18 years old living in Khorramabad city. The number of children and adults in the time of data collection were 200; they were selected randomly among children and adults living in slum and non-slum areas of Khorramabad. The required information was collected using a questionnaire. The results showed that the higher and the socio-economic status of the families, the more amounts of and fruitful the leisure activities children and adults (r539/0). And also there is a significant difference between the amount, method and type of leisure activities for children of the two regions. It was also found that slum children, due to economic or cultural poverty of families, were forced to work in their leisure time and sometimes faced social and physical problems.

Achieving full employment is the most important economic issues mentioned in the vision statement of Iran in 1404. Employment prevents the community from many of the social anomaly and also provides a relatively safe and secure area for community. However, current studies indicate that labor market development, such as creating jobs, is highly influenced by geographical location. Hence, it is expected that labor market development in the border provinces does not differ from non-border provinces. Furthermore, the security has influenced by this distinctions .Accordingly, this paper tries to investigate the possible differences between labor market development and its impact on security measures in the border provinces. Using data from border and non-border provinces in Iran during the Forth Development Plan, the results of this study indicated a significant correlation between the levels of labor market development and the security measures. In policy making perspective, this findings show that developing labor market in border provinces can increase the security factors, and this can boost the national production.