جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « political culture » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Political leaders and elites in every society and political system play a key role in managing the country and making important and strategic decisions to the extent that the national development or non-development of countries is attributed to political leaders and elites. This research investigates the positive and negative aspects of the political culture of elites in the Islamic Republic of Iran.

The current research applies qualitative research, using the document analysis method to study books, articles, and existing documents related to the political culture of the elites.

The most important components of the political culture of political elites in Iran in both positive and negative dimensions are: spirituality and morality, sincerity, simplicity of life, being a people, rationality and scientific orientation, honor and invulnerability, humility, courage and selflessness, worldview.

Negative dimensions: 

self-conceit, exaggeration, law-abiding and relationship-oriented, uncriticism, duality of personality, pessimism and suspicion, ethnocentrism.

The advent of non-state organizations and their involvement in the global arena since the end of the Cold War have brought about substantial changes in the comprehension of public diplomacy and its role within world systems. By conducting an examination of the influencers present in Shia doctrines, this study seeks to clarify the aspects of “faith-based diplomacy” and offer guidance on how the Shia clerical institution can further its diplomatic objectives internationally. From a theoretical standpoint, the study places significant emphasis on the notion of balance of power in its examination of the trajectory of Shia diplomacy. The article examines the theoretical inquiry into the manner in which public diplomacy operates within the Shia faith to further its objectives and establish equilibrium beyond the confines of nation-states. This study aims to examine the hypothesis that the public diplomacy practices of the Shia faith are grounded in the consensus reached by its adherents concerning the fundamental principles and underpinnings of Shia political culture, namely Imamate and justice. By utilizing three distinct forms of diplomacy—specifically, “exchange,” “aid,” and “cultural” diplomacy—its objective is to cultivate the necessary capabilities to accomplish the common goals of Shiites and promote equilibrium among rival communities. This study investigates contemporary Shiite diplomacy in a global context through the application of a “interpretive method” and a comprehensive analysis of scholarly, documentary, and library materials. The findings of this research emphasize the critical significance of faith-based diplomacy in influencing forthcoming global affairs. Furthermore, the article sheds light on the capacity of the Shi'ite institution to utilize its resources and faith-driven diplomatic abilities to facilitate the concurrent growth of its impact on a national and global scale, thus promoting stable equilibriums in the global sphere. This inquiry further demonstrates the significant influence that religious viewpoints have on the formation of geopolitical dynamics.

Trying to implement an efficient model of governance based on Iranian Islamic political culture and indigenous values has always been one of the concerns of thinkers and planners of the Islamic system. Accordingly, many theoretical efforts have been made to achieve this goal, which has been published in the form of writing dozens of articles, books, and academic research. However, we are not yet witnessing the realization of an efficient local model of good governance, and institutional and structural dysfunctions are still the Achilles' heel of this realization. Accordingly, using the background of research literature and the application of meta-combined method, this article seeks to answer the question of what conceptual foundations the Iranian Islamic model of good governance is based on and what categories its explanatory theory is based on?The findings of this study indicate that the Iranian Islamic model of good governance based on categories such as "ensuring worldly and otherworldly happiness of society", "one-sided view of the good governance model of the Western paradigm to man and weakness and inadequacy in domestic political culture." "The rule of reading modern jurisprudential Islam" and "realization of the model of religious democracy" is firm; Also, the higher central category that can be abstracted from the mentioned categories can be explained in the form of "realization of the ideal reference model of governance in the light of modern reading, based on modern requirements, and comprehensive of jurisprudential Islam

One of the distinguishing aspects of different societies is the difference in the values, attitudes and behaviors of their people in relation to politics and the political system, which is manifested in the form of political culture and in components such as consciousness, beliefs, values, norms and political symbols. These components are formed in the context of history and social life and change as societies develop. One of the dimensions of development that includes almost all other dimensions of development and influences the political culture of societies as one of the basic indicators of political development is social development. A look at the index of social progress in 2020 and its adjustment to the index of democracy in different countries shows that social development influences the political culture of different societies. Accordingly, this article intends to provide a theoretical approach to the analysis of political culture by highlighting the role of social development in political culture and reviewing the theoretical and experimental literature with reference to the valid indicators of social development and political culture of countries while answering the question: How does social development change political culture? 

The present article uses a comparative method with a descriptive-analytical approach. The study unit is different countries in 2020, which have been selected by purposive sampling method. Data collection tools include library and documentary studies, including reports from recognized international organizations, books, and professional articles.

The comparison of the situation of different countries in terms of the two indicators of social progress and democracy in 2020 shows that all countries with high social development are considered fully democratic societies and their political culture has a high value. Even in the countries ranked second and third in social development, their political culture has declined in proportion to the decline in social development, and their political system tends to be imperfect democracy. In addition, the countries in the fourth and fifth rank of social development with relatively low social progress scores have relatively low political culture scores, and they have subsequent political culture relative to the relatively low level of social development and belong to the hybrid regimes based on the democracy index in 2020. Finally, the countries in the sixth rank of social development all have undemocratic political culture and authoritarian political regimes.

Findings show that in the process of social development of a society, the indicators of social development influence the dimensions and components of political culture of citizens. The study of the theories of thinkers such as Almond and Verba, Inglehart, Wellsel and Putnam confirms this assertion. In addition, the study of the state of countries in terms of social development and democracy confirms the relationship between social development and political culture. The correspondence between countries’ political culture and their state of social development based on indicators of social progress and democracy clearly shows this. It can be concluded that in the relationship between the different dimensions of development, the social dimension comes first and plays a fundamental and decisive role. Thus, social development takes precedence over political culture. This approach is a theoretical approach called the “social approach” in the analysis of political culture. Unlike previous and common approaches that emphasize the role of cultural, political, and economic factors in analyzing political culture, it considers the role of social dimensions of development to be crucial in analyzing and explaining political culture.

One of the most important and prominent reasons of social and political science thinkers for the political effects of various types of capital is that social capitals are created through human resources such as human skills; Resources that increase people's ability for collective behavior. In this regard, the present research has been conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of economic, social and cultural capitals on the political culture of the citizens of Shiraz.  The survey technique is used in the current research and it is a field study in terms of dealing with the problem under investigation and entering into it. Also, collecting information through Delaviz Social Capital Questionnaire (2004); Questionnaire developed by the cultural capital researcher; Researcher-made questionnaire of economic capital; And finally, the researcher-made questionnaire of political culture was done. The statistical population of Tajqiq includes citizens between 15 and 65 years of age in Shiraz city, based on the census of 2015, the number of statistical population is equal to 1154884 people, and the sample size is 384 people based on Morgan's table; Also, the sampling method in this research is multi-stage cluster sampling. Data analysis using AMOS software shows that the research model is well fitted and meaningful. Also, there is a significant relationship between social, economic and cultural capital and political culture among the citizens of Shiraz.Key words: social capital, cultural capital, economic capital, political culture, generation

One of the common approaches for explaining how a revolution is constructed is to analyze the ideology of revolutionaries. Ideology legitimizes the conflict and facilitates the mobilization of forces by providing an answer to the question ‘What should be done’ and developing a semantic system for the revolutionaries. But some thinkers such as David Snow believe that such semantic systems can’t be reduced to ideology and besides that, the attention must be paid on the frames that conduct the action of protesters. Frames are semantic systems that conduct the choice and position of revolutionaries in an unwritten and even unconscious way and as a mediating factor, they materialize revolutionary ideas and facilitate political mobilization of forces. This article deals with the memories of student movement activists during Pahlavi II in the Oral History Project of Harvard University to examine the process of politicization of student activists by analyzing the dominant frame of their action and choice. The findings show that Tayefe-Keshi is the frame that plays an important role in this process which has the function of developing boundaries between ‘us’ and ‘them’ and reproducing the political conflict and competition in the university.

One of the most important consequences of Iranians' bio-virtualization is the possible changes in the political norms and attitudes of the society or the political culture. Political culture in Iran as a cultural space that shows how people relate to the political system as much as it is influenced by various phenomena such as revolution, the structure of the political system, government agents, etc., it is likely that the emergence and expansion of social networks be affected. The scope of this research includes professors, experts in political science and communication sciences (political communication), and political sociology who have been selected by the method of snowball. Three methods of a systematic review of the texts and literature, exploratory interview, and researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect research information and data. Delphi panel is implemented in three rounds. Among the 28 components proposed by the experts in the first round, 7 components approved in the second round are in order of importance and priority: lack of trust, criticism/destruction of the political system, political extremism, autonomy, xenophobia / alien paradox Orientation, non-participatory / protest orientation; and biased behaviors. Finally, in the third round, the most accurate and important indicators were selected for each of these components. The most important achievement of this study is the introduction of two components of Iranian political culture that basically belong to the age of modern media: criticism/destruction of the political system and non-participatory / protest orientation.

Elite political culture plays an important role in political development or underdevelopment, as can be acknowledged; the development of political culture is a necessary condition for political development, and the political development of societies is always measured by political culture. On the other hand; Attitudes and worldviews of elite political culture, if democratic, will lead to economic and social development, In the meantime, factors are influential in determining this type of political culture, the most important of which is social capital within the group. This article examines the relationship between intra-group social capital and political culture in a quantitative and survey manner. The sampling method was simple random sampling method and 214 political elites of Khuzestan province were selected as the sample. To assess political culture, Tessler standard questionnaire and researcher-made social capital questionnaire within the group were used. The results showed that the amount of social capital within the group was somewhat high (18.44) but the average political culture was moderate (19.154). The results also showed that there is a positive and significant relationship between the dimensions of social capital (trust, cohesion and intra-group participation) with political culture. And more than 19% of the variance of the political culture variable was explained by the two variables of intra-group trust and intra-group participation. In general, it can be said that social capital within a group can cause changes in the political culture of society.

Textbooks are considered by social science thinkers to be one of the most important tools for inducing political culture and socializing students. Among the textbooks taught in junior high school, social studies textbooks play the most important role in political socialization and the transformation of political culture in adolescents. This study is aimed to investigate the typology of political culture in high school social studies textbooks for the first year of the 2017-17 academic year based on the theory of Almond and Verba. The method of this research is among the quantitative content analysis researches. The statistical population of the study includes the civic section of all high school social studies textbooks in the first grad. For doing the research, the components of Almond and Verba political culture were extracted according to the political categories of the studied books. Findings show that there is no considered output for the political system in the studied books, there is no category in the field of participation in the textbooks of social studies in the first year and only the categories of awareness and expectations have been focused. It has been noted that attention to awareness has been more than expected. In general, the induced political culture of the studied books is of the parochial-subjective one.

The study of the sffectiveness of the neo- middle class on the neo- ideas and the indicators of the good ruling party is one of the most  important topics of the social and political sciences. If competition and participation, common order mangements ( facilitative and  responsive government), empowering of the civic organizatins  and political culture known as key- roles of the middle class over the good ruling party ( rule- governing,  transparency, justice and responsiveness) known as the post- revolution of Iran, the question is: what is the role of the neo- middle class over the idea of the good ruling party?
As the transition of the good governing and its improvement, is under the pledge of the facilitative government and the  social trust among the citizens and the government, the recognition of tne new middle class and the government and their relations together, is a must. The findings of this study shows that the solidity of the good ruling party under the shadow of the facilitative and devoper government is a requirement of the thinking  and instrumental talents.  Focusing on the civic organizations, competition and partnership and how to deal with the  neo-middle class  is with the political culture of the democracy.
The  theoritical frame for the analysis of the topic is the  reconstruction with the descriptive- analytical and historical approaches.

This survey research aimed to investigate the relationship between the use of foreign media and political cultures. For this purpose, 410 citizens aged 18 years and older living in 22 districts of Tehran were included in the sample by stratified sampling method, and using research data collected with a questionnaire, research hypotheses were tested. According to the descriptive findings of the study, the citizens of the statistical sample tended to liberal political values, socialist political values, and Islamic political values, respectively. According to the research results, with the increase in the use of foreign media, the tendency to liberal political culture increased, but the tendency to socialist and Islamic political cultures decreased. Another result of the research was that with increase of information and communication independence of individuals, the tendency towards liberal political culture increased but the tendency towards Islamic and socialist political cultures decreased.Keywords: Foreign media, globalization, information and communication independence, political culture

Political culture refers to the political knowledge, political awareness, knowledge, tactics, tastes or political attitudes of citizens. In Iran, the issue of politics, participation in elections, presence in various socio-political arenas and citizens' political awareness of parties and candidates show the growth of their political culture. The main purpose of this study is to study the factors affecting the political culture of citizens in the period 2001 to 2021. The research method was meta-analysis (quantitative), the statistical population was 45 documents in which 23 studies (survey, correlation coefficients, significance level and sample size) were selected by non-probability method. The results show that there is a significant relationship between political capital, mass media, social capital, economic capital, cultural factors, psychological factors and national issues with political culture. Due to the heterogeneity between the above studies, modifier variables have been used. The results show that among the ethnic groups of Turks (0.23), Fars (0.21), Turkmen (0.20) and Kurds (0.18) have an effect on political culture as mediating variables and their overall effect is equal to 0.18%. Among the statistical population, university professors with a value of 0.34 and students with a value of 0.29 and academic elites with a value of 0.26% had the most impact as a mediating variable on political culture

One of the factors influencing political development is the orientation of the political system and the political role of the individuals in that society. These political orientations and actions of individuals could be different among social classes. (According to economic and cultural capital) The present study seeks to identify the political culture of social classes.

This study was conducted with a survey method and by questionnaire with a sample size of 400 people in Ardabil in 2019.

The results showed the type of political culture of the middle class and the lower class is the subject – parochial and political culture of upper classes is Participant. Results of analysis of variance and Scheffe test showed that there isn’t any significant difference in middle and lower class political culture but the upper-class political culture had a significant difference with middle and lower class political culture. Confirmatory factor analysis of political culture indicators was performed by Amos Graphic software and the variables of social class, age and gender in relation to political culture were significant by regression test. In totally, there is a gap between the political system and individuals in society.

The political culture of the social classes in Iran shows the gap between the political system and the people, institutional distrust, avoidance of authoritarianism and complicating the issue of politics. Thus, political culture has grown in the minds and thoughts, but it has lagged behind in behavioral and practical dimensions, which can be due to the "costs of political activity", or due to the "political culture" that has existed in Iran throughout history. . Also, due to the political culture of the middle and lower classes are not significantly different and the type of political culture of these classes is the subject – parochial, these classes have become politically inactive and have affected the political development of society.

A review of the history of Iran's development in the second Pahlavi period shows that the country's economy was suffering from endless turmoil and the country's senior decision makers could not even properly identify these problems. Using the theories of Rentierism and Patrimonialism, this article has tried to show how in the process of formation of the modern state in Iran, a special way of governing based on political, economic and administrative corruption was formed. The article shows that the use of oil revenues in political economy and patriarchal relations in political culture led to bad governance in Iran. The main question of this article is about the most important causes of inefficiency of governance in the Pahlavi era?  The research method in this article was to analyze the content of the lived experience of the managers of the Pahlavi period in accordance with the oral history of Harvard. The article shows that ignoring the basic requirements of modern governance and the constant weakening of institutions, political elites and social forces led to the inability and collapse of the Iranian political system.

The present study aims to Sociological explanation of political culture and the components of ethnocentrism and traditionalism affecting it in the metropolis of Ahwaz. The data of this study were collected by survey method from a sample of 384 people who were selected from a population of 781091 citizens aged 18 to 65 years living in the metropolis of Ahwaz by stratified random sampling. The dependent variable (political culture) became operational with three dimensions of political values, political attitudes and political knowledge and its relation to independent variables, including ethnocentrism and traditionalism, which are a combination of the theories of Inglehart, Elazar, Habermas, and Almond Verba; Hypotheses were made and tested. The data collection tool in this study is a questionnaire whose reliability was estimated through Cronbach's alpha coefficient and the data were analyzed using SPSS26 and AMOS software at both descriptive and inferential levels. Findings showed that between the two variables of ethnocentrism and traditionalism, the variable of traditionalism has a positive relationship with political culture and ethnocentrism has a significant negative relationship with political culture. Also, regarding the relationship between ethnicity and traditionalism and the dimensions of political culture, it was found that ethnocentrism has a significant positive relationship with political values and a significant negative relationship with political attitudes and political knowledge. Traditionalism also has a significant positive relationship with political values and a significant negative relationship with political attitudes, but traditionalism has no significant relationship with political knowledge.

This paper looks for to study the factors affecting the contribution of citizens in paying municipal tolls. Using survey method, the data collected by conducting a self-constructed questionnaire. 500 residents (above 20 years old) were selected as sample by conducting random sampling method. Findings showed that the average mean of participation in the payment of municipal tolls among respondents was 31 of 55. In other words, the respondents' participation level in this field was below the average level. Among dimensions of participation, the highest mean was belonging of behavioral dimension and the lowest mean was belonging to propensity or emotional one. The independent variables (i. e. the satisfaction of municipal services, the social responsibility, the citizenship awareness, the sense of anomie in urban management and the sense of belonging to urban and neighborhood) were significantly associated with participation in payment of tolls. Multiple linear regression analysis indicated that these variables are able to estimate up to 28% of the dispersion of the payment of tolls. Finally, the results showed that deducting and tacking tolls as local taxes shall be consistent with the economic condition of citizens, to increase the public participation in paying of local taxation.

The book, “Understanding Political Philosophy in the Context of Social Life” written by Mel Thompson and translated by Narges Tajik Neshatia, was published by Pegah Rosgarno Publications in 1397. In this book, the author, adopting an audience-oriented strategy and paying attention to the issues and phenomena of the political day, has emphasized their analysis in the framework of political philosophy. One of the remarkable features of the book is the use of historical routines and trends in paying attention to the fundamental and modern concepts of political philosophy versus political science and reviving the normative attitude towards political affairs. In this article, the book is reviewed from the perspective of method and theoretical basis and analysis of data, and in general concludes that despite the use of new methods of writing, and structuring the text, and creating a content and form appeal to the audience, this book has not been able to show a proper analysis and explanation of the application of political philosophy in the problems of the social day. In this article, the reason for such a situation in the author’s strategic departure from attention and focus on political philosophy, from the fourth chapter onwards, scattering and confusion in the design of very diverse topics and phenomena and semantic and conceptual imbalance in expressing the views of philosophers and political thinkers are observed.

One of the influential factors in political development is the key factor of social capital. The current study seeks to investigate the effect of social capital of Non- Governmental Organizations of Markazi province on the political development. The desired indicators of social capital are trust and cohesion. Putnam, Coleman and Fukuyama’s theories have been used and has applied a survey method (questionnaire) and documental method and by using Amos and structural equation modeling, confirmatory factor analysis is performed and descriptive statistics were obtained using SPSS. Cronbach's alpha coefficient for 21 items is ./925 and has an acceptable amount of reliability. The statistical population includes the members of NGOs of Markazi province that is 1304 people and a stratified random sampling has been used. The sample size is 384. The finding of the research reveals that social capital of non-governmental organizations has a positive and significant effect on the political development. They play an important role for the manifestation of the socio- cultural aspect of the Revolution and for the synergy of all talents and capacities for organize the political goals of Iran and to fight enemies and to face challenges ahead.