جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "social history" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

One of important features of modern historiography is understanding the relationship between agency and structures, as a basic element of explanation in social history studies. Among the thinkers of social and historical sciences, three distinct approaches to structure/agency can be traced: Activist theories, structuralist theories and Structuralism Genetic. So far, we have not witnessed a coherent effort in the field of presenting a native theory based on the roots of Islamic thought in this field.In this article, an attempt has been made to describe the special approach of Allameh Tabatabai's social historical studies in compare with social science outstanding theories. The consequences of this analyse is that allame’s socital approach is a special form of genetic structuralism. The basic foundations of this approach go back to the theory of validities on the one hand and the theory of community authenticity in Allameh's view on the other hand. In the fild of social studies it is a varieties of approaches from positive objectivism to subjective approach to social affairs. Many social theorists are in the middle of this spectrum but the main issue is combination of subjective-objective from one hand and the agency and structures from other hand.Allameh's view is an answer to this problem but what is An issue that has not been discussed so far is the combination of validity and authenticity of social affairs, how discussed; which is considered one of the complexities of Allameh's point of view.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the capacity of studying contemporary social history based on archival documents of social communication. The issue that is evaluated based on an obvious principle in this article is related to the concept of communication. Since the social life of a human gets its meaning in the interactions and communication with others, can it be said that the conceptual study and thematic analysis of issues related to social communication will lead to the unraveling of all the hidden aspects of social history? Therefore, the main premise of the article is a temporary answer to such a question. From this point of view, it seems that the study of documents related to social communication will, to some extent, lead to the understanding of the state of social history.  For this target, we tested the proposed hypothesis in a sample. Since Abadan was one of the pioneers of the social transformation of contemporary Iran due to industrial developments and the use of modern civilizational components, it creates an appropriate model for measuring the capacity of this research experiment, in the study of these developments and methodological extension to other places. In order to check the aforementioned hypothesis, first, common communication concepts were extracted from a number of international communication encyclopedias. In the next step, the number of 6128 archival documents related to the issues of Abadan city was obtained by searching in the "RASA" software of the National Library and Archives Organization through the "Abadan" descriptor, and through several stages, communication documents were purified and studied in parallel with the study of social history.   The results showed that among the examined documents, 238 documents have standard communication content and are in accordance with international encyclopedias. In other words, the results obtained from the point of view of communication professors generally show that the study of archival documents of social communication is effective in clarifying more than half (54.71%) of the issues related to social history, which is the optimal capacity of archival documents with a communication theme for the study of social history. despite the fact that the problem of society is equal to communication, these types of documents alone do not have the full capacity to analyze and measure social history. It can also be added that the issue of communication as a variable in the analysis of the state of social history has received less attention from researchers in related fields such as communication science, history, sociology, and interdisciplinary topics corresponding to the topic. Therefore, examining this issue in a methodological approach is a new thing. From a theoretical point of view, the use of archival documents as one of the reliable historical sources, within the framework of historicism and the Annales school, has a relatively strong support. This school's emphasis on micro-narratives that intersect with official narratives, as well as attention to the necessity of understanding the state of society in connection with other fields of study such as social sciences and the like, naturally adds to the validity of using archival documents. On the other hand, paying attention to the views of Benjamins and Knoblauch, who state that communication has the ability to include all domains of society's actions, or Habermas's philosophy-oriented views, which emphasize the praxis project such as communication action and the evolution of the human species from both social-historical and technological perspectives. has emphasized the importance of understanding communication in order to understand and identify aspects of social issues, including social history.

So far, Iranian carpet studies have mainly focused on "economic" and "artistic" dimensions. The first one considers the carpet as a commercial commodity, while the latter has concentrated on the aesthetic forms of the carpet, such as the motifs, patterns, colors, threads, visual effects, symbols, signs, weaving techniques, etc. These two approaches pay attention to the distinctions of carpet designs in different regions of the country from economic and artistic aspects. Thus, in the conventional historiography of Iranian carpets, primarily "economic matter" and "aesthetic matter" have been at the center of attention.In the mentioned studies, the social history of carpets has usually less paid attention to. One of these areas is related to the lives of carpet laborers in carpet workshops. Women and children can be considered the weakest worker layers in the hierarchy of carpet producers. They can be acknowledged among the main subalterns of the carpet production system. The subalterns whose daily life situation is not clear on the edge of the Iranian carpet production system. The purpose of this article is to know some dimensions and characteristics of the inferiority of women and children in Qajar carpet weaving workshops. To pursue such a goal, the question was asked about the situation of carpet weaving women and children from the point of view of issues such as double work at home and in the workshop (for women). What were the age-sex ratios, working health conditions, and finally the amount of wages and working hours?This study was done from the theoretical and methodological aspects according to the point of view of Edward Palmer Thompson and using the bottom-up approach to the history of Iranian carpets. For this purpose, the lived experience of carpet- weaving women and children, especially their position and role in the Iranian carpet production system, was examined from a social point of view.The scope of the investigation was the Qajar period and the necessary data were collected from the travelogues of this period. Thus, the present study was conducted with a qualitative approach and historical method.The results showed that carpet weaving by women and children was common in urban, rural, and nomadic homes in different regions, and the payment of wages to women and children in the domestic weaving sector was eliminated, because domestic work, including carpet weaving at home, is not considered a "job". became.Regarding age and gender, most of the weavers were women or child girls. Of course, in some parts of the country, boys were also assigned to work as carpet weavers. However, the employment of women and children in the carpet weaving workshop outside the home has contributed to the family's livelihood.Moreover, the present study showed that the weavers in the carpet weaving workshops suffered from physical injuries such as bone deformities due to the inappropriate conditions of the structure as well as the lack of health and hygiene conditions, and some diseases were common among the weavers. These injuries were caused by working very long hours for meager wages that did not support daily life.In short, the results of the present investigation in all mentioned investigated areas indicate that women and children in the workshops were in inferior positions compared to men. Interestingly, the women of the upper classes were also involved in carpet weaving, but in any case, such activities were not included in the framework of paid work. In other words, the employment of women in carpet weaving was almost universal and, in this respect, there was not much difference between the women of the upper classes in the village and the nomads.

The primitive Images on the walls of the caves indicate the desire of humans to represent their lives or express their wishes. These motifs have an undeniable relationship with the macro realities of the production method, political system, power hierarchy and value system. We examine these axes by focusing on the photo as a text. Based on theory and method of semiotics and poststructuralist discourse analysis, we have tried to describe these pictorial texts in the first place; then analyzed the implicit meanings and secondary meanings of the photographs; and Finally, analyzed their relation to the dominant social and discourse trends in the three periods of Qajar, Pahlavi and the first decade after the Islamic Revolution of 1979. The field of the research is family photos in Kermanshah and finally 32 sample photos were selected and analyzed. The analysis of photos of the Qajar period shows the dominance of the patriarchal discourse and assigning the phenomenon of photography to the elite and political class. During the first period of Pahlavi, photography was popular among the wealthy class, and in Pahlavi II, among the wealthy and middle class; in the first period of patriarchy, modernism (Westernization) and in the second period, feminism and consumerism are the central signifiers. In the post-Islamic revolution period, (1980d) with the spread of photography tools among the common people, we can see traditional clothing, the creation of an intimate atmosphere among family members and the reduction of patriarchal discourse. Findings show that overall the process of developments in Kermanshah and national developments in this area are similar. Also, in this historical process, technology has served the wishes of the ruling discourses, but in case of differences between the two, technology has gone its own way and was not necessarily at the command of the rulers.

This article aims to describe the historical role of Reeves in Iranian villages from an anthropological perspective. The term Reeve in Persian refers to a person who is wise and talented and manages the social affairs of the village. Reeves have been elected by villagers for a long time in Iran, dating back to the pre-Islamic era. However, Reeve's management has declined and vanished completely since the Islamic Revolution in 1979, due to political and social changes that undermined their authority and legitimacy.

Methods and Data: 

The method of this paper is descriptive-analytical. It uses historical evidence as well as documentary and library sources to examine the role of Reeves in Iranian villages.

The findings reveal the position and importance of Reeve in the social structure of rural management in Iran. It also analyzes the sources of their managerial power and how changed over time. The findings show how the Reeve system declined and was eventually eliminated due to factors such as land reform, modernization, and revolution.

Reeve's role was intertwined with the social context of rural society in Iranian villages. He was a respected and influential figure who managed the social affairs of the village. However, his power were challenged by the land reform program in Iran during the Pahlavi regime. Reeve was removed from the administration of the village, and his role was taken over by the village association and revolutionary organizations such as Education Corps, Health Corps and Agricultural Development Corps. These organizations aimed to modernize and develop the rural areas and promote the ideology of the Islamic Revolution. Thus, in 1976 the term Reeve was erased from village literature, and a village guard (Dehban) was appointed instead.

Key Message: Iranian rural society had given Reeves a considerable authority throughout history. However, their authority varied from one period to another. This paper argues that an anthropological and historical approach to these social realities can shed light on the past history of Iranian society and help to better understand the contemporary social changes.

Songs encompass the main body of knowledge and culture, known as folklore. They are works of unknown producers and singers, passing down from generation to generation by words of mouth. Folk songs, according to most scholars, are the voices of the inferior walks of life who talk to us from the depths of history. The simplicity and sincerity of folklore works, together with other historical documents and references, enable us to reach a much more realistic and sensible view of the social history of communities. This study focuses on the theme and content of the song "Rana" within a descriptive-analytical scheme using library sources and field research to know what capacity the research in the folklore of regions does offer for social history studies. The folklore song "Rana" is a lamentation on the adventurous life of a woman from the foothills of East Gilan and, besides its literary and artistic aspects, refers to the social history of the masses of people and the socio-political structure of this region in the feudalism era, making it relevant in the study of social history.

Borders are the product of history, politics, and power, and border life has its own economy and culture. Accordingly, one of the most important features of the Kurdish regions, which has been represented in various ways in the media in recent years more than other aspects of border life, is the border and informal economy and specific concepts related to it, namely Kulbar, border bazaar, and smuggling. Understanding this type of economy as a phenomenon requires a careful study of the causes, contexts, and mechanisms that have led to the phenomenon of informal economy in a kind of multifaceted synergy. In this study, among the above factors, the focus is on the contexts that underlie the informal economy. The research method was critical ethnography, the method of collecting information was a combination of methods (interview, conversation, focus group, and documents) and the study context was Baneh border market. Findings showed that the outcome of the conflict of political forces and the border position of Baneh has been a kind of trade and border economy throughout history that after the rise of the modern government, became informal and underwent special changes with regional and global developments. At the same time, the most important contexts of this type of economy can be abstracted into four main categories: environmental problems, resource constraints, cultural affinity, and moderate religious tradition. Finally, based on the findings of the present study, negative and positive solutions are presented.

Thinking about history has increased and gained a wide range of changes in recent decades. If we consider the “Philosophy of History” to be the result of these changes, given the almost great distance between us Iranians and the world level of these studies, the importance of the methodical awareness of new studies and approaches in this issue becomes clear. “History by Narrative of Philosophy: From Herodotus to Alain Badiou”, deserves to be read as an outstanding book in this field because of its characteristics. This article is a critical review of the book in the following topics: the ambiguity of the book’s title, the divergent multiplicity of the book’s purpose, the confusion in the chapters and sub-chapters, the ambiguity of the position of this book among the other works in this field, the obvious lack of paying attention to the Eastern and Islamic heritage, Confusion and inconsistency of the terms related to the currents of thought and finally ambiguity in new definition of history. After reflecting on the technical and editorial aspects of the work, the paper concludes that although the book fails to distinguish between the philosophical narrative of history and narrative of the philosophy of history, and so it has been far from the conventional mentality of historians, but it has many useful benefits for them.

Abdul Aziz al-Duri, as one of the most outstanding contemporary scholars, has played an important role in developing new approaches to the history of Islam. His acquaintance with Western historiography schools and his education in the West have been effective in making his views on history different. His interest in economic history, social history, and the spread of historical sources even to the literary sources can be considered as one of his prominent activities in the field of historical studies. Given the importance of his efforts in the field of historical studies, and the need to pay attention to various aspects of his research, an article by Vajihe Kotharāni, who herself is a prominent historian, has been translated into Persian. This article is about Abdul Aziz al-Duri’s method of historical studies.

In this article was been criticized the explanatory and interpretative function of the book of "Politics of Knowledge in the Islamic world: The convergence of knowledge and ideology in the Seljuq period" from two positive and negative aspects. The cultural status of the Islamic society, especially from the standpoint of knowledge and its relationship with the political institution in the Seljuq period, is one of the privileged and lesser known aspects of Islamic culture and civilization. The author of the book, using the theories of Louis Althusser and Michel Foucault, has examined the relationship between the two institutions of politics and knowledge in the Seljuq period. Some outstanding Notes of the book were Importance of subject and different producing of it, Fluent and understandable translation, focus on an important, complex and new topic in the research, explanation and interpretation of the subject using a variety of historical and geographical sources, But in the book can be found many imperfections as the failure to provide an understandable description of the subject, inappropriate generalization, and inattention to the historical research method, some intermittent themes in the original text, and some inappropriate equivalence, and typic and editing errors in translated text.

This article focuses on the critique of the book "The Crafters and Their Business Life in the Safavid Period: Essays in the Socio-Economic History of Iran" by Mahdi Kavani. This work was considered as the first independent book on the subject. The author influenced the views of the nineteenth-century thinkers of Western Europe which explored some of the social developments in this age and tries to prove that the Safavid government was preventing the formation of powerful independent autonomous merchants and, consequently, the economic dynamism of this period. This work is organized in six sections and 31 sub-sections. After the first part, which includes the general introduction of the work, The section examines and analyzes the dimension of the effect and then introduces the author and translator. But the most important part of this review is the background of the research on guilds in Iran and beyond, and analyzing the effect of the content. The latter section is presented in two parts: introspection and outsourcing critique.
This critique is the first output of the "Review of the Impact of the Research on Social History" Which has been reorganized in the framework of the Council for the Study of Texts and Humanities Books.

The institution of temporary marriage in the social history of Iran has been an established institution. However, it has had different forms and functions in different historical periods. Although temporary marriage has never been widely accepted by the general public, this institution has prevailed in Iran to this day. Therefore, the question of why temporary marriage has been created and has endured in the social history of Iran has remained unanswered. In the present paper, the institution of temporary marriage has been investigated using the functionalist model (based on the integration of functionalist theories developed by Bronislaw Malinowski and Robert Merton). The findings of the research were interpreted through a comparative-historical analysis method and based on historical writings and documents. The findings have been classified and explained into four historical periods. These periods are: “The Ancient Iran”; “From Early Islam to the Safavid Dynasty”; “From the Safavid Dynasty to the Qajar Dynasty”; and “the Qajar Dynasty”. According to the findings, based on the patriarchal culture of society, generally the institution of temporary marriage had responded in a legitimate way to individual needs such as sexual needs, reproduction, security and livelihood, and to social needs such as the issue of heritage, solidifying social relations and establishing social connections. Nevertheless, this institution has had dysfunctions and hidden functions which this paper addresses in a comparative way.

Khānsār was one of the principal cities of Isfahan district in Qajar era. The city is mentioned repeatedly in historical texts and visited frequently by European travelers Khānsār was celebrated in Qajar era for presence of significant cultural and artistic figures in the city as well as production of various commercial products. The remnants of commercial monuments such as Qajar bazar or Kārvansarā are few and we merely can trace them in the historical sources or the minds of residents. Yet studying the causes of development and decline of the city may help in taking decisions for renovation of its prosperity. Since any independent studies have not been done on this issue, this paper is presenting the results of field and documentary studies of the authors on social and economic circumstances of Khānsār during the Qajar era.

Study about social aspects of history is a subject which has net been considered so much in our country. In the last years personal diaries, political narrations and events such as the nationalization of the oil industry, biography of prominent politicians such as Amir Kabir are yet the most famous historical studies and has not been considered so much to the rational, economic and cultural history and generally to the social history. One of these subjects is the social condition of women (trafficking of peasants, women and girls). In this article the main subject is girls trafficking in Sistan and Kerman in 1335 A.H means eleven years after the issue of Constitutional system. The purpose of this research is to study the causes of this phenomenon and the reasons of its happening and consider the documents which are achieved from the archives of National Library and Archives of Iran related to the selling of girls and its reasons on the threshold of Constitutional Revolution. The research method is descriptive-analytic and based on searching documents by library sources.