جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « social-economic status » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

In the recent decades, lack of consideration for the environmental effects of various industrial activities, services, and production is the most important factor threatening the human and natural environment in Kerman, Iran. Other environmental issues of this society are reports by official bodies of Kerman on water shortages in Qantas caused by excessive extraction of ground waters, destruction of natural fields, deterioration of rivers into sewers caused by irresponsible behavior, closing down a number of factories, industrial and mining sites by the Department of Environment for failure to meet the standards, hunting of the local wildlife, rangeland and forest fires, excessive use of private and outdated automobiles and their environmental effects, excessive water consumption, excessive use of water, natural gas, and electricity during peak hours, and so on. Numerous issues in combination with the absence of systematic data in this regard aggregates the need for research in this area. Therefore, considering the environmental crisis and frequent droughts as well as new phenomena, including dust storms, it is essential to discuss the transformation of environmental culture in the city of Kerman. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to define the relationship between the environmental ethics and social capital and the environmental culture of the citizens of Kerman in the past decade as well as the present time. Also, the study attempts to determine the predictor variables of the environmental culture for the three various aspects of awareness, attitude, and behavior and for the environmental culture as a whole.

This study was carried out using the quantitative approach and survey research method. A questionnaire was employed as the data collection method for the study. The statistical population consists of people aged 16 years and over residing in the four districts of Kerman, which comprise a population of 634132 individuals according to the 2016 statistics. In this paper, three different age groups were considered: 16-29, 30-49, and 50 and over. The reason for the selection of this age groups was to account for their behavior in the past 10 years, therefore the age requirements had to be defined in a way that the individual’s current age allows for the recollection of their behavior with respect to the environment. It is important to note that the questionnaire was defined for two time intervals, in a way that the respondents were required to explain their environmental behavior in the past ten years in items for present day. In this research, the Cochran formula was used to determine the sample size. The sample size is 384 persons as calculated by the Cochran formula.The research employed random cluster sampling by distributing 400 questionnaires between the respondents, and 374 of the questionnaires were recollected and used for statistical analysis. To describe and analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistics with the SPSS software were used. In this study, the environmental culture was measured in three aspects of environmental knowledge with 5 parameters (recycling with 5 items, efficient use of water with 5 items, air pollution with 5 items, environmental species with 7 items, and dust storms with 5 items), environmental attitude with 25 items in five paradigms (limitation of growth with 5 items, non-anthropocentrism with 5 items, negation of human exemptionalism with 5 items, and dust storms with 3 items),  and the environmental behavior with 4 paradigms (efficient energy use with 5 items, efficient use of water with 5 items, air pollution with 6 items, environment-friendly recycling with 5 items, and local ecosystem with 3 items).

The results show that there is a significant relationship between the environmental ethics and environmental culture. It can be inferred that the interest in the environment is a metaphysical value and pro-environment attitudes are present among the prosperous groups, as their needs for food and security are fulfilled. In this respect, the behaviors can be measured as right or wrong based on this principle: an action is right if it preserves and promotes the biotic beauty, integrity, and evolution and is wrong if it disrupts this condition. Also, there is a significant relationship between social capital and environmental culture. It can be argued that the social capital as an important source of the individuals’ social actions can affect their environmental behaviors. Undoubtedly, as the level of social collaboration, integrity, trust, and participation, as important paradigms of social capital, grow between the people of a society, it is reflected in the society’s civil behaviors and environmental culture and increases the sense of responsibility of the people. Based on the obtained results, it can be said that there is no significant difference between the mean awareness and environmental behavior of the three different age groups. However, the mean of environmental attitude is different for each age group. It can be inferred that the attitudes of different age groups with respect to environmental changes are not equal and the people aged 50 and over show a higher mean. It means that this age group have a more pro-environment attitude compared to the other age groups. Also, the results show that the mean of environmental culture for individuals with high socio-economic status is higher compared to the individuals of lower socio-economic status (employment, income, education, and housing status). As a result, it can be inferred that those who have a higher socio-economic status have moved beyond the basic needs and reached the levels of elevated social needs. Therefore, the sense of environmentalism for these people is higher compared to the groups with a fragile socio-economic status who focus more on the basic needs of life. Also, people with higher socio-economic status are more aware of their environmental responsibilities; therefore, project an improved attitude and a more responsible behavior towards the environment, resulting in an elevated environmental culture.

Cities for the reason of complex nature and increasing growth of urban population and also factors such as inappropriate distribution of representing services in different urban aspects, the price of land, unequal incomes among different groups of people, lack of equal access to facilities and services, and also different urban spaces among residents of different areas have made the cities to reflect a picture of inequality. The thrust of this research is to investigate and compare spatial-social inequality between two areas, Darsyran and Baharan, in Marivan on the basis of the indexes of economic-social status and access to land use of urban services. The present study is an applied research which employs a questionnaire to collect data to analyze the independent and dependent variable questions. The researcher has used SPSS to analyze the data. According to the test results Mann - Whitney u test and confidence level 95% , difference between socio-economic status baharan residents and urban land use services are available to the residents Darsyran.

The present study investigates the sociological factors associated with married young people’s delayed marriage over 30 years old, in Bonab. The theoretical framework of the study is Parsons’ structural functionalism model, Robert king Merton’s theory, William Goode’ theory, Schelsky, Granshaym, Thompson, Giddens and Max Horkheimer theory. The method of the study is survey and statistical Society of it, is married young people over 30 years(between 30-39 years) old in Bonab who were 996.Using Cochran formula and systematic random sampling method, the sample size obtained are 197 people. The results show that, there is a meaningful relationship between variables such as willingness to further education, fastidious, tendency for female youth employment, employment problem of young male feeling and the desire to have a single life with delayed marriage. Also, there isn’t a meaningful relationship between socio-economic bases, the youth trust towards each other and the rigor of marriage in the family with delayed marriage.

The present study aims at assessing attitudes of university students towards addictive substances and identifying the factors affecting it as well as factors influencing the formation of the attitude of the students. Addiction to drugs is a social issue resulting from deviant behavior and there are different reasons for students’ tendencies towards addiction. To do this, the researcher considered a framework combining theories of Crach, Cruchfield, Ballachey, Newcomb, Hess, Jennings, Niemi, Zajone, Bandura and Suterland; six hypotheses were determined to identify factors forming attitudes of students. Accordingly, an appropriate questionnaire was designed and 375 students were tested through multiple- stage cluster sampling. The research method is survey. All data were analyzed through the Pearson test as well the Spearman test, Phi and v-Cramer tests. The results have shown that the attitude of families toward narcotic drugs, how friends treat drugs, the consumption of substances by family members and drug abuse by friends, affected the students attitudes toward addictive substances and contribute to the formation of the students’ attitudes to drugs; whereas, families social- economic status and intimacy with family did not influence the attitude of students.