جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « transcription » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

The article describes the tradition of documentation as a part of written culture in early modem Iran. Unlike book manuscript in pre-modem period, on which one can easily expect that it has the readers and copyists, a traditional qabala or private deed, such as a sale deed, a lease deed, a loan deed, a marriage deed or a waqf deed, which were drawn up at Shari'a courts, one might not expect that it would be read by the public or be copied by copyists. However, historical evidences show us that these kinds of documents also were sometimes referred to again and again. Sometimes they were annotated, transcribed, and registered later. In other words, the qabalas also had their own lives: some information added to them as annotation in the course of time, and their information was transmitted to other type of documents.

Middle Persian texts, including inscriptions, Manichaean, psalm, and Pahlavi texts, still contain many unread or misread words. Due to the many problems of the Pahlavi script, among all the Middle Persian texts, there are more ambiguities in reading and more multiplicity and variety of translations of the Zoroastrian or Pahlavi texts. In this article, one word of Zand of Vandidad and Šāyast-nē-šāyast and three words of Bundahišn have been read and a new reading has been suggested for each of them. The solution of reading these words and similar words in Pahlavi texts, in addition to using textual evidence and linguistic issues, is to review their written form in the manuscripts and to consider various possibilities of their transliteration. Attempts have been made to make each reading in maximum conformity with the written form in the manuscripts, and in case of correction of the word and deviation from the manuscript recording, sufficient reasons whould be provided to justify the proposed reading.

The book of Twelve Ancient Texts is the result of years of research and follow-up by Bijan Gheiby in ancient Iranian texts, especially Middle Persian texts. In each of the articles, the author first presents the sources and then deals with the Pahlavi text, transliteration, translation of the text, lexical notes, and explanation of the ambiguities of the text. This book includes a report on twelve short pahlavi texts such as Wizārišn ī čatrang, mādayān ī yōšt ī Yošt ī Fryān, māh ī Farvardin…, ayādgār ī zarīrān, āmadan ī šāh Bahrām ī warjāwand, Sūr ī saxwan, xwēškārīh ī rīdagān, Rēdakān, Farroxnāmag, čim ī kostīg, āfrīn ī žardšt. This book is very important because of its careful translation of texts and commentaries and the author’s valuable notes. However, the above-mentioned authorship is not without significant shortcomings in terms of scientific principles and methods in correcting and translating ancient texts. These shortcomings have sometimes damaged the principle of authorship. What has seriously damaged the whole collection is the lack of critical correction of the Pahlavi texts; that is, comparing of the manuscripts, transliteration and transcription of the texts, and the mention of the differences in the manuscripts. Obviously, without such a method, reliable translations of the texts cannot be obtained.