جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "unemployed" در نشریات گروه "علوم اجتماعی"

The average duration of unemployment is more important than unemployment rate. Because the unemployment duration is a dynamic criterion, while the unemployment rate is a static criterion. The main purpose of this paper is to determine the unemployment duration among unemployed people aged 20-39 years old in Iran by age, gender, and province of residence in 2006, 2011, and 2016. This is a generational - cross-sectional research in which the general population and housing census data have been used. The technique of data analysis was the calculation of the Unemployment Life Expectancy (ULE) using the life table, which was performed with R.v.3.2.3 software. According to the findings, six models were identified to explain changes of ULE: 1- Model of continuing increase of ULE; 2- Model of temporary increase of ULE; 3- Model of unexpected increase of ULE; 4- Model of stabilized ULE; 5- Model of continuing decrease of ULE; and 6- Model of temporary decrease of ULE. The first, third and sixth models indicate that the employment age is delayed among the population aged 20-25 years old in most provinces during 2006-2008. The population aged 20 years in the provinces of Kermanshah, Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmad, and the Lorestan have experienced the longest unemployment duration, while the population aged 20 years in the provinces of Yazd, Semnan, and Khorasan Razavi have experienced the shortest unemployment duration.

Despite the fact that money plays an important role in people's lives, attitudes and behaviors, there are little empirical research to examine the factors influencing these attitudes and the beliefs of individuals about their money and their behavioral styles, and the psychology of money is one of the neglected fields of the science of psychology and communication.in the other hand with regards to the increased willingness of women to employment in recent years, this study aims to explore the attitudes towards money in employed and unemployed women in Kashan city and explore the impact of demographic and personality traits on its. The results of this study show that women look at money as a source of security, not power, and that the amount of money reflected their efforts to achieve it. Also, empoyed women tend to retention of money and inadequate than women who are unemployed. In addition, women over 40 years are more likely than women in other groups to retention of money. As well as, higher income groups significantly belive their income is reflect of their effort. The results show the significant but weak relationship between personality and money attitudes.

The purpose of this study was to compare health-oriented lifestyle among employed women working at educational centers with unemployed ones. This research used survey methodology. The statistical population included women working at primary education of the area 1 in Yazd in 2012. The sample size consisted of 120 individuals randomly selected by Cochran formula. For the comparison between the lifestyle of employees and non-employees, the sisters of 120 women not employed helped to collect data. The main tool for data collection was the standardized questionnaire of LSQ through interviews. Validity through face validity and reliability through Cronbach's alpha was calculated. According to research findings, there was a significant relationship between health-oriented lifestyle of employed and non-employed women. Findings showed no significant relationship between lifestyle and living conditions. The results of the correlation analysis indicated that there was no significant relationship of age with family size and lifestyle; however, education and lifestyle showed a significant relationship. Multiple regression analyses indicated that respectively education and age explain ten percent of health and lifestyle changes.

relatively young population of Iran, experiencing difficulties due to the Imposed War, embargos, and immigration to Tehran looking for a job, show the necessity of this research which is concerning the frequency and severity of psychopathology in unemployed young men of Tehran. It has been a causal - comparative research. 229 employed and 248 unemployed 25-35 years old men in Tehran, were selected according to their ages, educations, and marital status, data has been gathered by using demographic questionnaire and SCL-90-R software Raw. Numbers and the means of the employed and unemployed groups were compared by "t -student". For evaluating the amount of severity and frequency of symptoms, "Chi- square", were used. The mean of the 9 dimensions and 3 general indices GSI, PST, and PSDI between two groups were compared. The mean values of all 9 dimensions of SCL-90-R and 3 general indices in unemployed group were significantly higher than the employed (p<0.95).The highest rate in the unemployed: obsession–compulsion scale (1.29), their lowest: 0.57 (sensitivity in reciprocal relations). The highest mean in the employed: obsession–compulsion scale (0.97) and their lowest in sensitivity in reciprocal relations scale(0.46).The frequency of psychopathological symptoms in the unemployed was 32%,and in the employee was 0.27. Severity of psychopathology in unemployed men were significantly more than employees. The frequency and severity of psychopathological symptoms in the unemployed men is significantly higher than the employed. With respect to the unemployment regardless of being the cause or the effect, the young unemployed men need both a job and psychiatric treatment.

The present article investigates and compares the situation of poor women exclusion based on variations and components of exclusion. The primary research question is whether social exclusion status among women of different groups, specially the employed/ unemployed and native/immigrant women, vary? Have the women been able to join intergroup networks through working outside home and receive support from such groups? Are poverty and social exclusion similar phenomena and occur together in the life of poor women?In order to collect data quantitative (survey) and qualitative (interview) methods were used. The main aspects of social exclusion, including exclusion from support networks,¬ social relations, social participation, are measured. The statistical sample includes 169 women (who are under coverage of Komite- ye-Emdad, Malard villages, Shahriar). Taking advantage of inferential test, the difference in exclusion rate between groups is investigated in terms of employment (the employed –the unemployed) and residence (native-immigrant). The qualitative method is used to arrive at a profound understanding of women’s life experience in relation to some components of exclusion. A sample consisting of 51 women were determined purposefully based on various specifications, and interviewed.The results of social exclusion status among the two groups of native and immigrant women indicate that native poor women enjoy the strongest bonding support network in terms of supportiveness and, in other words, they experience the least exclusion in comparison with the immigrate women. Also, native poor women are more active in informal social activities than immigrant women. The results of the research indicate that participation of some women in labour market contributes to making intergroup ties and profiting from their sources. By virtue of the fact, the employed women enjoy the strongest and the most heterogeneous intergroup support network than those who are unemployed. Further, the economic activities of such women have provided more extensive supportive scope and more supportive sources. In other words, intergroup support networks for women are not often networks for getting ahead, but they are networks for getting by. Furthermore, the changing status of woman's employment in labour market and their problems in social relationships eliminate the possibility of accessing intergroup support networks.Moreover, findings of this research verify that social exclusion and poverty are not similar phenomena and dont occur necessarily together. These findings illustrate that although these women are poor according to Komite-ye-Emdad's indicators, but they are not excluded in all comparable dimensions and in the same degree.

substance abuse is one of the most important intricacy that threaten the health of different people especially youths and unemployment is also a problem in developing and third world countries that in addition to evil economic consequences is said as a tendency toward crime, guilt and mental diseases. Some studies show a relation between tendency toward substance use and unemployment and all of these researches show that unemployment is a risk factor for substance use. Unemployment persons relate with a lot of people in a day and they have a lot of leisure that spend with others and do activities during a day. The aim of this study was to compare leisure between two groups of Iranian unemployed male youths; drug users and non-users. This casual comparative study enrolled 200 unemployed young men (20 -30 years) who had referred to job centers of Isfahan. The subjects, selected via cluster random sampling: were divided into two groups: group 1: those who had used substance during the first 6 months after unemployment (n=65) and group two: those who had not used any illicit drugs during this period (n=135). The two groups were compared in terms of leisure. Some instances such as: unemploying for at least 6 months, lack of substance using before unemployment, aware satisfaction in cooperation with research are used as entering criteria and experience of mental diseases and substance use before employment used as exit criteria.Data collecting means was checklist that was made by researchers. This checklist was prepared after review of reference and qualitative study in unemployed who refer to employment centers of Isfahan and they didn’t use substance after 6 months of unemployment. It was questioned from unemployment in research about period of unemployment and do you used substance until and if they used substance they should answered "when they used for first time". If person had used substance before unemployment, he was thanked and that checklist didn’t give him. Filling of check list was lasted 15 minutes by any sample. Statistically there isnt meaningful relation between married situation and education level, age and number of family member in two groups of unemployed who used and not used substance(P<0/05).Average of numbers of time in each day such as: listening to music, friendly speaking, participated persons in friendly speaking, addicted participated in friendly speaking, friendly speaking with addicted persons were reported more in unemployed who used substance when compared with non used unemployed (P<0/05).Our logistic regression model showed that substance use could be predicted by mean hours of friendly speaking with addicted a day in last week (OR=2/606,CI: 1/600-4/244, P<0/001), mean hours of friendly speaking with non addicted a day in last week (OR=1/122,CI: 1/025-1/229, P=0/013). in this research numbers of friendly speaking time with addicted and non addicted are predicators of substance use in unemployed male youths. It is suggested that policy makers pay attention to this factors in their macro- programs about fight against opiates.

Periodical revision of regular surveys is inevitable and essential to keep or to raise their efficiencies through making necessary improvements in designing process and application of available methods, usually such improvements or adjustments could affect the Comparability of the data time series so that it may not permit such comparability easily.It is important to note, however, that despite the benefits of improving current survey, changes should be approached cautiously and the effects measured and evaluated. When possible, methods to bridge differences caused by changes or techniques to avoid the disruption of historical series should be included in the testing of new or revised survey. The present study aims to ensure the comparability of Unemployment rates from the two Labour Force Surveys (2005 and 2006) and the Household’s Employment and Unemployment Characteristics Surveys (2002 to 2004) by adjusting such rates based on the standard definitions. The methodology that implied in this research is a librarian method. It is based on documents, information and data that Produced and accessible in this area from related resource. The Household’s Employment and Unemployment Survey is suffering from a considerable overestimation in unemployment rate because of sum deference’s between its definitions and international standard definitions, mostly caused by lack of care for the criterion "Seeking work" in the survey implementation and processing its results and undercount employed with work house of 16 or less and self employed in agriculture sector. Comparison of the adjusted rates in the years from 2002 to 2006 is indicative of reasonable increase in Unemployment rate in 2005 and 2006 as compared with the preceding years. The extent of such an increase is not observable on the basis of figures released from the two surveys in the years mentioned. As a result of using different definitions and criterias for dividing work age population to employed, unemployed and inactive in new and old surveys, the resulted unemployment rates by those surveys are not comparable directty. In fact we can compare above rates just after reconstructing them by the same definitions.

This study tests the validity of two significant theory of unemployee's mental health. The first theory latent deprivation model proposed by Jahoba argved that paid work provided both manifest and latent functions that associated with financial income and psychological needs respectively. The second theory is the agency restriction model, considered individuals to be ‘socially embedded agents striving for purposeful deter- mination.Participants were assessed on measures of psychological distress, the latent functions of employment, financial strain, neuroticism and a measure of labour market satisfaction. Results show that latent functions of employment and financial strain were able to contribute to variance of psychological distress. Findings are related to former mentioned theories.