جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « urbanization » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

 The growth of urbanization in Islamic Republic of Iran has been associated with rapid social and cultural changes, which its first victims are the native languages of the immigrants to the cities. According to this, the local and native languages in Iran, whose main focal points are villages and small towns, have been exposed to gradual destruction. With the intensification of the challenge, the question arises, what strategy should be adopted in the cultural governance of the Islamic Republic of Iran to support linguistic diversity? The hypothetical answer with a prescriptive approach is that, considering the speed of urbanization and growing threat to linguistic diversity in Iran, the country's cultural governance strategy should be to support linguistic diversity by using multi-level cultural governance: transnational institutions, nation-state, transnational networks, sub-national governments, civil society and place-based participation. The findings of the research, which were obtained using the descriptive-analytical method, while proving the proposed hypothesis, show that with paying attention to the growing threat against linguistic diversity and the existence of a legal vacuum regarding the central government's support for linguistic diversity, the country's cultural governance should not only use the capacity of governmental institutions in policy-making, but should also take a multifaceted view of the capacity of non-governmental, domestic and international organizations as well as international cultural organizations such as UNESCO to take advantage of their facilities and material benefits and spiritual support in order to support linguistic diversity in Iran.

Social welfare is always one of the important topics in developed and developing countries, and they assume it as an effective factor to examine the performance of policymakers and economic planners, which can be influenced by many factors. One of the factors affecting conditions of people’s life is urbanization and migration from rural areas to cities.

In this research, the non-linear effect of urbanization on the welfare of the people living in diverse provinces of Iran has been investigated in the period of 2011-2019. In addition to the urbanization, other variables, such as the average household income and the employment level of adults have also been studied.

The results of the research by using the dynamic panel data approach indicate that there is an inverted U relationship between urbanization and social welfare. In other words, with the increase of urbanization, the welfare level increases at first, but after reaching a maximum level, it declines Other variables were also used, such as average household income and adult employment level, and it was found that there was again a positive and direct relationship with social welfare, and increasing them resulted in growth of welfare too.

It is clear living in cities will not necessarily increase the level of welfare; therefore, in order to prevent the migration of villagers to cities and the increase of marginalization and the overshadowing of the well-being of people living in cities, the level of health facilities, education, employment, and general well-being at the level of villages and non-urban areas should be improved.

Industry and industrialization are prevalent subjects in sociology, evident in the majority of seminal and contemporary works. The current theoretical investigation employs a critical framework and relies on the thought experiment and axiomatization of reasoned statements methods to determine which direct and intermediary mechanisms are most influential in the relationship between industry (technology) and society at large, with a specific focus on social health.This paper posits that the establishment and growth of the industry and its associated technologies in the host communities will result in a multitude of both positive and negative alterations to diverse facets of the social health of the local populace. Thus, ten theoretical statements were examined to elucidate the research problem. Ultimately, several factors were identified as the repercussions and effects of the industrialization process on the social health of cities: unrestrained urbanization development, prioritization of economic gain over other considerations, escalation of immigration and internal migration, heightened heterogeneous population density, disregard for local and environmental needs, and increased urbanization without regard for environmental concerns.The present paper developed a synthetic model that contributes to a novel comprehension of the issue at hand. This model may serve as a valuable guide for future research endeavors.

The present study aims to investigate the modeling of aggressive tendencies based on individual, family and social characteristics of 18-25-year-old boys in Shahrekord city, and based on this, to provide psychological solutions to control these emotions.This research is a field and applied research, in terms of variable control, a survey-type quantitative research, a random multi-stage cluster sampling method, and a data collection tool in the form of a questionnaire. The statistical population of young men aged 18-25 is Shahrekord city and the sample size is 120 young men aged 18-25.The results of the research are based on the value of the T statistic obtained for individual characteristics, characteristics and social characteristics, so it can be said that there is a positive and significant relationship between the individual, family and social characteristics of young people with the tendency to be aggressive.The results of this research show that the modeling of the tendency to aggression is based on individual characteristics, including effective communication skills (emotion management, anger control, problem solving, etc.) and based on family characteristics, including the way of upbringing. Children, parental violence, dysfunctional family and based on social characteristics include social harms, and in order to curb youth violence, practical suggestions should be made and implemented for each of the mentioned characteristics.

Rapid urbanization has led to changes in land use in urban areas. The purpose of this research is to investigate the impact of urbanization on land use change in Tehran using systemic thinking in order to gain a better understanding of the consequences of urbanization. The city is a complex, open, and dynamic system, the study of which requires an interdisciplinary approach. The system dynamics approach provides these requirements to address the city. Therefore, a dynamic model will be designed, which will be quantitatively evaluated using the system dynamics approach. This study showed that with the increase in the population of Tehran, the use of agricultural and open land gradually changed until 1404 and it is predicted that the land used for construction will increase. This is the first study that examines the relationship between the phenomenon of urbanization and land use change in Tehran metropolis and is innovative in this respect.

Throughout history, humans have gone through stages to choose the best way of life. From the prehistoric cave dwelling to living in today's megacities and metropolitans, the course of historical changes in the way of human life in this country. In the present study, the historical course of the city and urbanization in Ilam city was investigated. The ancient history of Elam, despite the huge ancient and historical monuments that tell about the history of this city, is still not fully known to historians. How the executive structure of the cities can be used to perform administrative, political, social, economic, police and legal affairs. Cities have a different situation depending on whether they were governed by local rulers or by the government. This research is based on theoretical topics and on the basis of information from historical library documents and objective observations, in a descriptive-analytical method. The information prepared from the available documents has been collected and refined and has been written as an appendix to the observations in the theoretical review. The results of the research showed that the link of political life is related to geographical and human conditions and characteristics in Ilam. Undoubtedly, in addition to the special political conditions of Ilam, the influence of natural factors in the life of this city has also caused the establishment of local and central rulers in this region throughout history.

This study aimed to analyze the impact of the digital city on women's willingness to find a marriage partner through the virtual space in the city of Kerman. 16 female users were selected through a theoretical and purposeful sampling technique. The data collection was conducted through semi-structured interviews and MAX Q DA software version 12 was used to process the data. The findings showed that a significant number of users in the virtual marriage sites were married women who used the anonymity of virtual space to their own advantage. After combining, integrating and comparing concepts, Five common categories were found among married and single female users (chat addiction, having limited experience, evading of face-to-face dating, sex as entertaiment). There were also two specific categories of married female users (disguise of marital status and and low satisfaction with marriage) and two specific categories of single female users (sense of freedom and chat as a cure for loneliness). Based on story line by participants, a core category entitled “chat as a resistance shelter of urban momen” was revealed.

Ibn Khaldun, one of the founders of history and sociology, has been considered by many scholars in the world in recent centuries. The diversity of his subjects has attracted the attention of a wide range of thinkers and researchers in sociology, anthropology, history, economics, political science, educational sciences, geography, and demography. Many writings about his thought show the importance of this great Muslim thinker. But what has received less attention from scholars in Ibn Khaldun's views and works is his detailed discussions of social issues and harms. The present study, focusing on Ibn Khaldun's analytical approach to the study of social problems and harms that has focused on the situation of Islamic societies in the great geography of the Islamic world, with the Documentary Research Method and focusing on the text of his main work the “Muqaddimah” from the descriptive approach has been used to identify, extract and categorize the themes and categories related to this subject in Ibn Khaldun's thought.The results of this study show that seven major social issues and harms have been emphasized by Ibn Khaldun throughout the book, including: the issue of "Poverty", "Marginalization", "Social Welfare", "Employment and Livelihood", "Housing and Shelter", "Social Security" and "Crime and Delinquency". What emerges from Ibn Khaldun's analysis of social issues is his focus on the conceptual framework of Civil Science; That is, it interprets all social issues in relation to the development of human society on the scale of urban life.

The purpose of this article is to investigate the factors affecting the inequality of income distribution in Iran with emphasis on the role of migration and urbanization during the period 1695-1695. For this purpose, the data of the Time Series Database (Country Censuses, International Transparency Site) and the World Bank have been used. For this analysis, Vector Autoregressive Model, Johansson-Juselius method and Vector Error Correction Model have been employed. Regarding to results, the effect of the variables’ coefficients is coincident based on the theoretical foundations and statistically significant. Also the coefficient of the error correction method indicates that about 0.62 of the short-term imbalance is adjusted in each period to achieve the long-term equilibrium. Further, on the one hand, in the long run, one percentage increase in the GDP and literacy rates, respectively leads to 0.78 and 1.87 percentage decrease in the income inequality and on the other hand, a one percentage increase in the corruption, inflation, unemployment rate, urbanization rate and migration rate, leads to 2.3, 1.17, 1.53, 2.78, and 4.38 percentage increase in the income inequality, respectively.  Hence, from among the mentioned variables, the effect of migration rates on income inequality is greater than for other variables.

The first purpose of this study is to introduce a happiness scale extracted from the theoretical foundations of Islamic Philosophers. The second purpose is to study and investigate the relationships between some socio-demographic determinants and students' happiness.

This research is based on a quantitative approach and used a survey method. The 4th-year students at Shiraz University of Medical Sciences in the academic year of 2011-2012, whose population was about 6000 people, were chosen as the statistical society and 450 people were selected using the stratified sampling method. The Happiness Questionnaire was compiled with the definition of two types of happiness, sensual-imaginary and imaginary-intelligible, based on religious principles and Iranian society’s values. Data analysis was performed using SPSS software.

The findings of the multivariate regression equation showed that the type of college, the level of urbanization and class feeling have a significant relationship with happiness, but variables such as ethnicity, place of residence, gender and marital status did not have any significant relationship with types of happiness.

The results of this study indicated that social and demographic changes have a sustained effect on the degree and type of happiness of young students, and this requires further studies to investigate this important issue for precise programming in the university and society.

The pivotal role of cities, and especially metropolitan cities, as the engine of development, has made them the focus of population density, activity, and the center of growing challenges and issues. Most of these challenges have focused on human security. The aim of the present study was to explain the need to establish integrated urban management in order to improve human security in these metropolises.

In terms of its objectives the present study is of an applied research type and in terms of methodology it is considered as a descriptive-analytical study and the required data was collected through documentary methods and library study. In data analysis, in addition to descriptive-interpretive methods, statistical and spatial analysis (based on GIS) was employed.

18 metropolitan and the mother cities of the region contain about 34% of the total population and 45.5% of the urban population of Iran. In addition, 52% of the total population and 76.2% of the country's urban population live within 51 km of these cities. They have played the biggest role in GDP and value-added production in the country. The system of governance in these cities has also been suffering from partial and functional-spatial fragmentation.

The accumulation of capital and population density in metropolitan areas has exposed the human security of their inhabitants to various natural and human hazards. In addition, the system of unsustainable separatist administration in these cities has not been effective in improving human security and has been incapable in managing trans-territorial risks due to conflict of interest and inconsistency. Therefore, the establishment of a desirable and integrated governance is necessary to address the content and procedural challenges in metropolitan administration and to promote their social and human security.

The family is the fundamental part of all societies and institutions and it is the most important factor in the transfer of culture and civilization. Marriage is the basis of family formation. On the other hand, divorce is a threat to the collapse of the family, and it will cause harm to individuals and society. Many studies have examined various cultural, economic, and social factors affecting the divorce. In the past decade, social and economic developments in the world have faced changes, challenges, issues, and needs, and the family has been increasingly threatened by various and complex causes and factors. When the functions of the family encounter problems, such as biological, social, cognitive, emotional, and economic functions, its members gradually lose a sense of satisfaction and ultimately lead to the collapse through divorce. In Iran, economic, social, and economic issues, including employment of women, issues related to inflation, unemployment, and other issues have a significant impact on the occurrence of divorce. Since the unemployment rate and inflation rate have unfavorable effects on household incomes both in terms of earning and the power of purchase and the cost of households, economic dimensions can affect the instability of families. The linear combination of unemployment rate and inflation rate is known as the misery index. On the other hand, the inflation rate in the society will increase this index, and it also increases pressure on families and dramatically on couples . Several studies have looked into the effects of variables, such as unemployment, inflation rate, urbanization, economic growth, literacy, education and so on. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of the misery index on divorce in Iran.
Review of the theoretical literature
According to the Roy’s (2010) view, unemployment changes affected misery by two channels. First, unemployment can affect the non - financial sector of living quality. Rising unemployment on one side may results in personality change, and this could potentially lead to a divorce. Second, an increase in unemployment could affect the excess of living by changing the amount of expectation that a person could reach by marriage to the unmarried period. The financial sector of life depends on the possibilities of missing the couple’s jobs and the wife, which depends on the unemployment of the couple.
The relationship between divorce and unemployment from different angles and from different sociological and psychological theories can be explained. In other words, there are often sociological and psychological theories regarding the explanation of applied divorce. There are four theoretical approaches in relation to how unemployment affects the divorce, and each has different conclusions about their connection.
a) Stress approach, b) Divorce cost approach, c) Hybrid approach, d) Individual competency approach
Inflation can affect divorce with a decrease in income and wealth.
Inflation has affected income by raising interest and reducing the actual value of consumer wealth, as inflation reduces income and wealth and increases the divorce (Schaller, 2013). Although it is expected to increase in the economic boom periods, many studies have shown that the persistent and high inflation rates affect the economic growth and thus the well-being and the power of buying in the society (Eltejaei, 2012).  Therefore, it should be theoretically expected that high and permanent inflation should have negative effects on marriage. Indeed, the rise in inflation affects the cost of living and the expense of household expenditure.
Review of the empirical literature
Roy (2010) studied unemployment changes over the possibility of divorce using data from Australia during the period 1994 - 2007 and concluded that changes in unemployment affect the separation of married people.
Amato and Beatti (2011) studied the relationship between unemployment and divorce by using data from 50 states of Colombia from 1960 to 2005. It has been shown that unemployment has a positive effect on divorce.
Hellerstein (2011) conducted an empirical study of unemployment and divorce rates using 1976 – 2009 data and concluded that there is a negative relationship between divorce and unemployment.
Nasrallahei et al. ( 2013) investigated the analysis of factors affecting the divorce by stressing the economic variables and women’s literacy over divorce in Iran using panel data model during the period of 2002 - 2007 in 28 provinces of Iran. The results of their study showed that there is a direct and significant relationship between unemployment, the literacy rate for women and urbanization.
Fallahei and Deldar (2016) investigated the impact of inflation and unemployment on the divorce rate in the provinces of Iran using panel data model during 2002-2012. They concluded that inflation, unemployment, education level, and urbanization have positive and significant relationship with divorce rate.  This study examines the effects of factors such as the misery index which is a linear combination of inflation rate and unemployment rate, the divorce in Iran during the period of 1981-2015 using Auto Regressive Distributed Lag (ARDL) method. The Engle-Granger methods in studies dealing with small samples (the number of low observations) do not have the necessary validity due to the lack of short-run responses between variables, as the resulting estimates are not unbiased and therefore, the hypothesis testing using ordinary test statistics such as “t” is not valid. For this reason, the use of methods which has short-run dynamics and leads to more accurate estimate of the pattern coefficients are considered. Additionally, the short-run model is estimated. Then, the boundaries and statistics of Banerjee, Dolado, and Mestre are investigated. In the case of long-run relationship, the long-run model is estimated. Besides the classical assumptions the normal distribution of the residual distribution of the model, the consistency of the variance heteroskydasitsity, Ramsey reset test, the serial correlation and structural stability were carried out.
E 5.1. Model Specification
In this study, the relationship between the Misery index and the divorce rate in Iran during the period 1980-2015 using the ARDL model were investigated, the model was expressed as follows:The model described the variables as follows:LMIS: The log of the misery index (Inflation Rate Unemployment Rate)
LDIV: The log of the number of divorces registered per year.
LURB: The log of urban population
LLIT: The log of literacy rate
LPGNI: The log of real per capita income.
LHCE: The log of household consumption expenditure
εt: error terms
5.2. The Stationary test of Variables
Augmented Dickey-Fuller unit root test was used to test the stationary of variables, and the results obtained from this test are presented in table 1.
Table 1. Results of stationary tests (ADF)
Variables    Condition    t-Stat    Prob     LMIS    Constant and Trend    -1.32    0.8647    I(1)
LMISΔ    Constant and Trend    -5.31    0.0007    
LDIV    Constant and Trend    -4.38    0.0078    I(0)
LURB    Constant     -1.04    0.7230    I(1)
LURBΔ    Constant     -4.89    0.0005    
LLIT    Constant and Trend    -0.42    0.9825    I(1)
LLITΔ    Constant and Trend    -3.93    0.0215    
LPGNI    Constant and Trend    -3.58    0.0483    I(0)
LHCE    Constant     -1.65    0.4430    I(1)
LHCEΔ    Constant     -5.46    0.0001    

As can be seen in table 1, LMIS, LURB, LLIT and LHCE variables are stationary in one difference and LDIV and LPGNI are stationary in level of variable.
5.3. Estimation 5.3.1. Short Run results of model
The short run result of estimated model is showed in table 2.
Table 2. Results of  Short Run model
Variables    Coefficient    t-Stat    Prob
LMIS(-1)    0.348    2.72    0.0117
LDIV    -.005    -0.1    0.9189
LDIV(-1)    0.030    0.53    0.6013
LDIV(-2)    0.147    2.69    0.0126
LURB    1.414    2.95    0.0069
LLIT    -0.757    -1.79    0.2949
LPGNI    0.779    4.93    0.0000
LPGNI(-1)    0.174    1.79    0.0859
LHCE    1.250    3.90    0.0007
C    -22.45    -4.24    0.0003       F    Prob
0.98    0.98    237    0.0000

5.3.2. Diagnostic tests of classical assumptions
The results of the diagnostic tests of classical assumptions are shown in Table 3.

Table 3. Results of Diagnostic tests
Test    t-stat    Prob
Serial Correlation    2.14    0.1408
Ramsey Reset Test    0.59    0.4493
Normality    4.27    0.1182
Heteroskydasitsity    1.36    0.2587

According to the results of diagnostic tests of classical assumptions all of four classic assumptions are confirmed.
5.3.3. Long-run Results of Model
To investigate the existence of long-run relationship, Banerjee, Dolado, and Mestre’s test has been used. The amount of statistics of the table with five independent variables is equivalent to -4.43, whose absolute value is smaller than the Banerjee et al. table statistics.
The results of the long-run estimators are presented in Table 4.
Table 4. Results of  Short Run model  
Variables    Coefficient    t-Stat    Prob
LDIV    0.264    2.02    0.0547
LURB    2.170    4.53    0.0001
LLIT    -1.161    -1.15    0.2576
LPGNI    1.464    6.97    0.0000
LHCE    1.919    4.96    0.0000
C    -34.466    -11.53    0.0000

The results obtained from the estimation of error correction model indicate that the long-run relationship between variables is present and the error correction coefficient is equal to -0.65. In fact, it indicates that the short-run model in each period will adjust 65% of the errors to reach the long-term model.
5.3.4. Model Stability Test
Figure (1) shows the result of CUSUM and figure (2) shows the result of CUSUMQ test in the estimated model, according to this result there is no structural failure, and the estimated coefficients are stable during the research period. Therefore the estimated model does not have any structural changes.
Figure 1. Result of CUSUM Test



Figure 2. Result of CUSUMQ Test



In this research, the effect of the misery index on the divorce in Iran during the period of 1981–2015 was investigated using the ARDL with distributed lags. Based on the results of the classical assumptions, it was observed that in the estimated model distribution of the residuals is the normal model. The identical model is the variance and autocorrelation is not observed between the residuals of the model.Also, the Ramsey reset test indicates the correct definition of the model. The CUSUM and CUSUMQ test also showed that the model has structural stability.
The results obtained from estimating the model showed that the misery index in the short-run has no significant effect on the divorce in Iran, but it has a direct and meaningful effect on the divorce in Iran in the long term. Thus, the unemployment rate and the rate of inflation and their linear combination increase the divorce rate in Iran. Therefore, in the Iranian economy by controlling inflation and increasing employment and reducing unemployment, the pressure from the two variables reduces the pressure and stability of the families from the economic dimension.
Real per capita income, urbanization, and expenditure of households in the short and long run also have direct and meaningful effects on divorce in Iran.
This study was extracted from a Masters thesis titled “Determining the Relationship between Misery Indices and the Divorce Rate in Iran” which was authored by Nafiseh Majdzadeh, supervised by Dr. Reza Zeinalzadeh, and approved by Faculty of Literature and Humanities at Isiamic Azad University Kerman Beranch.
All authors contributed in designing, running, and writing all parts of the research.
The authors declared no conflict of interest
There is no ethical principle to be considered doing this research.

Social science scholars have distinguished three tribal, rural and urban livelihoods and have undertaken research into the proprietary morals of all three. In other words, every human being, according to the needs of his or her livelihood, seeks a solution and satisfies his / her needs, and the need for science follows this rule, and the researchers believe that the urban production method is a more favorable ground for science and this is the rise of the priests. At the beginning of the Abbasid era, we were faced with the emergence of a scientific movement, which coincided with the rise of major cities and architects. In this paper, we attempt to put the theory to the test that the factor of livelihood can be a very strong cause of the decline or decline of science and this method as a theoretical method for studying the history of science in the period. To be taken into consideration in the Islamic Iran. In fact, this article seeks to find an answer to one of the most important questions in the history of science, whether the boom and stagnation of science in different historical periods can be due to society›s livelihood and the needs appropriate to that system of living? In fact, what effect did the livelihood have on the growth of science in Khorasan? This paper aims to explain that after the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate for some reason the cities of Khorasan grew after the establishment of the Umayyad Caliphate and this made Khorasan rich. In fact, the livelihoods of people and the movement of capital have had a tremendous impact on the growth of science as well as the relocation and migration of scholars from civilizational centers (achievements).

The purpose of this research is to identify and explain the sociological aspects of women's addiction in the suburbs of the city of Arak.For this purpose, five main components of the neighborhood, namely population density, population heterogeneity, inconsistency of goals and facilities, relationship with perpetrators and the culture of poverty, and their impact on the addiction of women living in these neighborhoods have been examined.A sample of 374 people was selected through a simple random sampling method of 14,450 women living in 9 sub-urban areas of Arak.The study showed that addiction in the suburbs of the city of Arak has a high level, and 5 indicators of these neighborhoods have been highly and highly evaluated.The results of regression analysis showed that the correlation coefficient of the regression model and drug use variables were 0.970 and 0.941.The results of path analysis indicated that the effect of factors such as location density, population heterogeneity, inconsistency of facilities and goals, relationship with delinquents and poverty culture on women addiction is significant.

Demographic changes can affect all facets of development, including gender equality, as one of the main components of development. This study aimed at investigating the relationship between changes in population composition and gender equality in Iran during 1956-2011. The relationship is studied with a descriptive-analytical approach using secondary data and time-series models at national level. The data was obtained from Statistical Center of Iran’s population time series and various censuses’ data. Findings suggest that Composite Gender Equality Index improved considerably during the study period, and urbanization, age structure of the population, as well as women’s average age at marriage, significantly affected the composite index of gender equality. Besides, AR (1) and MA (2) components of the fitted Arima model have expectedly shown significant effect on the gender equality’s variations. Three independent variables, aggregately accounted for 33 percent of gender equality’s variance during the study period.

With the generalization of neoliberalization in recent decades, some changes have been made in the Third World’s cities to remove barriers to capital accumulation and capital flows. An obvious example is a change in the use of urban space. In this research, we try to present a theoretical model explaining the influential factors of the change of urban land use using the approach of the political economy of space. For this purpose, with regard to urban and global factors affecting the land use change, we presented a theoretical model of the political economy. Then, in order to design a theoretical model about influential factors on urban land use change, we combined the urban and global factors. The findings demonstrated that to propose a comprehensive explanatory model, we need to consider the internal factors for the Third World countries.

The aim of this research was sociological investigation of the causes of Sexual deviance in the Qom city. The present research is of kind which has been performed by survey and documentary method. Statistical Society was sexual deviant persons in prisons of Qom and which where 346 sexual deviant. The volume selected sample has been obtained about 346 sexual deviant in Qom prisons on the basis of Cochran formula. The information needed for this research has been calculated by using questionnaire and interview performed in one presence but in two local prison and Qom locals .Degree of alpha of prison questionnaire is 0/802 shows (stability and reliability) but question of questionnaire were sever standardized questionnaire for that calculated credeity. The Pearsons correlation coefficient is used for hypothesis testing. Studied the independents variables urbanization, immigration, theft and neigbour mobility and his effect in sexual deviant.The results show the sever regreesion variable that had powerful relation between mobility in neigboure and sexual deviant. Other relation is immigration and sexual deviant result that are uphold our hypothesis. K

Under the influence of urbanization¡ various socio-cultural factors transform people’s lifestyles. Lifestyle represents itself in leisure activities¡ clothing¡ nutrition¡ body management¡ architecture and interior design. This study aims to examine the impact of socio-cultural and economic factors on the lifestyle of the inhabitants of the villages converted to cities (Khaf and Rshtkhvar Counties) in Khorasan Razavi Province. Theories of Ibn Khaldun¡ Weber¡ Veblen¡ Simmel¡ Bourdieu¡ Giddens and Cheney provide the theoretical framework of the paper¡ and the method of data collection is a questionnaire created by the researchers. The results show that there is a significant relationship between social and cultural factors and the lifestyle of the inhabitants of the above mentioned areas. Beta factor assessment reveals that social factors with a beta of 0.266 have the greatest effect on the lifestyle of the villages converted to cities and cultural factors with a beta of 0.193 are the next in importance. Overall¡ most changes in lifestyle in Nashtifan and Salami are caused by cultural factors¡ while in Jangal¡ these changes are due to social factors.

Under the impact of urbanization, a variety of socio-cultural and economic factors influence to change people's lifestyle. Lifestyle preferences of people are demonstrated in their leisure activities, clothing, nutrition, body management, architecture and interior layout of their homes. This study aimed to examine impact of social, cultural and economic factors on the lifestyle of the inhabitants of the villages that have become as a city in Khorasan Razavi Province of khaf and Rushtkhvar. The theoretical framework of the study was based on the ideas of IbnKhaldun, Weber, Veblen, Simmel, Bourdieu, Giddens and Cheney. The research method utilized was survey and data gathering tool was a questionnaire. The research population consisted of all the residents of three centers in the provinces of Khaf and Roshtkhar in horasan Razavi state of which, using a quota sampling technique, 337 individuals were selected as the sample. The results showed that social participation (r=0.116), political and administrative organizations (r=0.013), transportations and communication network (r=0.030), the spirit of individualism (r=0.218), class identity (r=-0.006)' indirect and secondary relationships (r=0.083), (as social factors), cultural and educational facilities (r=0.019), media consumption (r=0.276) and cultural capital (r=0.043) (as cultural factors), and consumerism (r=0.229), shopping (r=0.007), inclination to speculate (r=0.038), the fading of mutual support (r=0.001) , and economic prosperity (r=0.128) (as economic factors) are significantly related to lifestyle.