جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « اقتصاد اسلامی » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Civilization is a set of political, cultural, economic, etc. systems in which human beings, based on their worldview, seek material and spiritual growth towards the desired ends. Civilization requires setting priorities. Which of these systems is a priority for reform? The claim of the present article is that according to the theory of the physical occurrence of the soul, the correction and repair of economic relations is a priority. Because according to the theory of the physicality of the soul, the soul is created by the completion of this bodily substance and its formation is from the materials and elements of this world.On the other hand, according to the view of Sadr al-Muta'allehin, seven things are involved in the difference of human intentions and goals: nature, the condition of the parents, the difference in what the sperm springs from, the difference in nutrition, the difference in their condition in discipline, the existence of a tutor. Differences in the amount of effort in self-cultivation. The first factor is the human nature, which is highly dependent on the family economy, how it runs its business. The third and fourth factors also deal with the important issue of economics. The conclusion is that if the origin of the soul starts from the body and economic factors and good and halal nutrition are effective in human matter and sperm, the micro and macro economy of society is in spite of the lack of originality of the base. As the root of the decline and decline of civilization lies in the field of economics.

The aim of the present article is explaining the views of Imam Ali (AS) on the methods of achieving economic justice in the market system. The method of the article is descriptive-analytical. The economic way of Imam Ali's government is also working in contemporary society by establishing the necessary groundwork and observing its requirements, and it is possible to solve economic problems by updating methods and relying on those principles. Poverty has been strongly condemned in the teachings of Nahj-ol-Balaghah, and the elimination of it has been introduced as a platform for creating justice. According to the teachings of Ali (AS), the market system needs to be Organized precisely, competitive and intelligent, and continuous monitoring of all guilds is one of the most important duties of officials. Illegal economic activities damage the market and harm everyone by preventing people from doing business activities. Governmental officials should refrain from pricing goods and, in addition to creat a cultural and educational environment for all, especially economic actors and marketers, design comprehensive systems in which the supply and demand system - from production to consumption - are precisely managed so that all transactions becomes transparent and ascertain economic justice.

As an emerging science, family economy describes the family based on market exchanges. Its new explanation has caused the family to be governed by a rational order that destroys the individual and family relations. The criteria developed to measure the family economy are rooted in human capital and focus only on the material aspects of the family, while the family as a natural and fitrah-based institution is of a completely different nature from economic enterprises. Therefore, it is necessary to design scales based on Islamic principles and for the comprehensive growth of the family. The purpose of this study is to construct and validate a family economic questionnaire based on the theory of "Gradational family economics”. This theory provides a real and rational explanation of different families’ behavior in matters dealing, somehow, with a kind of economic motivation. It has presented its findings according to which families are fuzzily ranked, based on their degree of growth, into ten categories: enemy, irrational, natural, exploitative, collaborative, cooperative, fair, benevolent, sacrificing, and transcendent. This research has used the directed qualitative content analysis method to extract the family economy evaluation indicators, and conducted a survey on 387 households in Tehran. Results of the confirmatory factor analysis have shown that the data fit well with the factor structure and theoretical basis of the research, and the Cronbach’s alpha, structural reliability, discriminant validity and convergent validity criteria were confirmed as well. Thus, this questionnaire has the desired validity and reliability

The book “Economic Behaviorology According to Holy Quran” is honorable for referring to an important issue on the borders of Economics and for having a Quranic approach. Using the analytical method, the current paper analyses the performance of this book in promoting the borders of discussions on economic Behaviorology. According to the findings of the paper, the book suffers from three main problems namely return between systematic analysis and Behaviorology, making a vague conflict between materialist and innatist Human and Behaviorology in the framework of the perfect rationality approach. Therefore, it could not access its goals. The main problem is the lack of attention to the boundaries of human rationality which is an important issue in Behavioral Economics. Contrary to the findings of the book, there has been attention to cognitive, motivational, and intentional boundaries of rationality in Quranic economic Behaviorology. Therefore, Allah almighty mentioned some solutions.

This article aimed to identify the effective ethical-religious roots on primary entrepreneurship within capitalism, in order to firstly present Islam's view on the ethical-religious roots; and secondly, to state the basic teachings preventing the dilemmas that the Western economic system has been suffering from. The research was done by content analysis and semantic methods. The results suggest that some of the ethical-religious roots of primary entrepreneurship in capitalism are not accepted by Islam. In addition, “Economic greed” that isn’t acceptable in Islamic view, is contrary to the Bible too. Islam firstly, does not encourage achievement motivation, which is one of the most important characteristics of entrepreneurs, by sanctifying wealth and mere profit; Islam encourages it by inviting to development of the earth and ultimately to Allah mercy and grace. Secondly, in order to improve personal and public life while preventing the capitalist dilemmas, Islam advises entrepreneurs to maximize efforts to increase income and return wealth through zakat, charity and job creation.

In the public sector of Islamic economy, a wide range of issues bordering on ethical, social, political and cultural considerations are taken into account, in the evaluation and selection of public policies and programs; but it doesn't mean that in the Islamic public policy sector, decisions are taken with an endless ideology and without a logical framework. A study of the views shows that the evaluation of policies and programs in Islamic economy has a multi-layered structure. In the first layer (virtuous politics), all general public criteria (legitimacy, efficiency, equality, freedom and independence) are evaluated in the program, and none is sacrificed because of conflicting situations. In the second layer (jurisprudence of priority), conflicting situations are considered and using the rules and priority criteria, all the public policies and programs are classified into the four objectives of "preserving the principle of Islam and the Islamic system", "preserving the lives of people", "preserving social excellence" and "preserving the growth of material well-being ". Each of these is ranked in three levels of "necessities", "requirements", and "ornaments". In the third layer (jurisprudence of weighing), the policies and programs are ordered one after another, using the criteria for measuring and social costs-benefit analysis at the level of the "ultimate expediency of each case", and whatever is likely to have more benefit to the Muslim community is chosen.

Poverty and economic inequality are concepts that lead to different social consequences for human societies. The creation of this social phenomenon is due to the reasons that each social, political, and economical thinker based on his school of thought has clarified parts of it, and subsequently enumerated solutions to solve it. This article is shaped in response to this social phenomenon and wants to explain and analyzes the social causes and consequences of poverty and economic inequality and its solutions from the perspective of one of the Muslim thinkers who have widespread works to this field, namely, Sayyid Qutb (1966-1906). To do this, at the outset, the concepts of poverty and inequality are separately described from a sociological view and in the sequel, the causes of the creation of this phenomenon, its consequences, and its solutions are being explored in Sayyid Qutb's Thoughts. Indeed, in this article, it becomes clear that the deviation from the path of monotheism is the main cause of the domination of this crisis in the Sayyid Qutb's approach and his solutions for this phenomenon is determined.

Lack of theory in among the main challenges of Islamic social sciences.  Some experts have attempted to theorize by suggesting philosophical and methological subjects. The book  “Theorizing in Islamic Economy, Analyzing the Possibility of scientific Theorizing in Islamic Economy and its Methodology” is witten by Hassan Agha Nazari for active students and researchers in Islamic Economy. In this book, the author strives to employ both the theories of philosophy of science, Islamic science phylosophy and Islamic teachings to produce a theory in Islamic Economy. This article describes and evaluates the main idea of the book, namely the method of scientific theorization of Islamic Economy.

The empiricism from its emergence in the 19th century to the logical Positivism and Falsificationism in the 20th century has had its effects on sciences in its period. These effects in Economics include matters such as: the separation of the prescriptive Economics, renaming the Political economy to Economics, converting the identity of Economics into an instrumental science, effecting on the economic heuman, the change in the method of theorizing and writing of scientific articles, spreading of econometrics and neglecting history of economic ideas and so on. The empiricism has effected unwantedly on economic ideas of Islamic theoresians so that the Islamic economic system does not be counted as of Economics. This leads to some kind of interior incompatibility in the Islamic Economics and likewise the positive and prescriptive dimensions of Islamic Economics be explained with the analytical tools of the Mainstream Economics. The explanation of these issues in the Mainstream and Islamic Economics and its factors is introduction to the reconstruction of the Islamic Economics

The Islamic Republic of Iran faces issues or concepts in the economic spheres that have never had any similarity in the field of opinion and practice. Therefore, the Islamic Revolution itself is required to have innovation and initiative, theorizing and modeling in these new economic fields. One of these concepts is "Resistance Economics." The subject area of the resistance economy that has been set up by the Supreme Leader is very wide. "Resistance Economics" is a theoretical and practical foundation for modeling a specific type of economy that has been actively preparing itself to deal with sanctions. The Supreme Leader used the term "resistance economy" for the first time, so need to explain his statements in order to understand the goals, criteria and indicators. Therefore, this research seeks to answer the question of what are the indicators of resistance economy from the point of view of the Supreme Leader. On the other hand, Mazandaran Police also have a high potential for dialogue and institutionalization of this concept among the community due to the extensive presence and contact with all kinds of the population, hence the presentation of institutional approaches Resistance economics in the provincial police command is another goal of this research. The research method is descriptive-analytical and utilizes library resources.

The book "thematic interpretation of the Holy Qur'an with the economic approach" for the students of economic sciences and the humanities in order to link with in the realm of economic issues, published. the emphasis on the valid interpretation of the Quran with the practices of the subject of the Economic Sciences Biology including the objectives of the author of this book. On the other hand at the same time paying attention to economic issues and propositions economics such as microeconomics and macroeconomics, economic activities, and particularly the State ownership in the field of production, distribution and simple impression, and yet the economic efficiency of the verses to the hands of the audience, according to the book title in the wake of them . Despite such developmental efforts during this economic effect in the interpretation of literature, case report and extent of content text takes the opportunity to discuss important economic sectors including the financial issues of the day. He also did not discuss the numerous issues of banking , usury and money  , and in some cases also signify not enough and known interpretative methods.

The holy Quran as the eternal miracle of the prophet of Islam (PBUH) requires an accurate understanding, in order to receive human life approaches which are not possible except through interdisciplinary studies. On the one hand humanistic sciences such as economy have not gained full credit and success in solving recent problems and answering the set questions. Suggested conventional economy policies in reducing poverty advises the correction of social institutions and does not pay much attention to “family” as a subject, when Islam looks at “family” as the basis leading to society concerning its social, cultural and economic aspects and suggests clear instructions and policies. In the same way, interdisciplinary studies enable us answer these sorts of questions. The following article has analyzed the role of moderate consumption on poverty alleviation in families by looking at Islamic teachings. If family’s economical patterns are formed based on Islamic teachings, these ideologies and beliefs of moderate consumption and poverty alleviation will be effective. Income, moderation, contentment and personal status are the required axes in drawing an Islamic life style based on justice and poverty alleviation in society. In practical approaches of this research we may point at the relevance of marriage and poverty alleviation, effect of priority in the couples’ consumption and also economical teachings of parents to their children in the formation of moderate consumption patterns in Islamic family.

The content of the book "Dimensions of the Resistance Economics in the Oil Industry" includes the text of the general policies of the resistance economy, the correspondences and statements made in this regard, the history of the oil industry, and the actions taken by the Ministry of Oil in pursuit of a resilient economy. Meanwhile, an attempt has been made to define a resistance economy in line with Islamic economics. Although this article is not proven. The structure of the book is news and sermon and has not been used sufficiently from scientific sources. Therefore, there is no analysis of the relationship between the resistance economy and the oil sector. The above work is applicable to general information on resistance policies and some of the Ministry of Oil's programs in this area and, despite the author's views, is not a complete reference in this field. In this regard, it has been attempted to briefly explain the axes related to the crude oil and natural gas sectors in line with the resistance economy and identify the strengths and weaknesses. The analysis included cases that the book did not refer to and could be used as an introduction to future research.

The present study aimed at unraveling the relationship between training, resistance economy and lifestyle in Islam. To reach thispurpose,this article investigated the Islamic viewpointoneconomy based on Quran and a variety of hadith and narrations from the prophet of Islam (PBUH) and his household, as well asIslamic scholars. The study followed a qualitative method. It collected the required information about its three main concepts from reliableresources,then the key terms of the study were defined based on the gathered data and analyzed to investigate the relationship. The findings of the study revealed that resistance economy, to a large extent, is the Islamic approach to economy, but has been overlooked in ourcountry. Consequently,Islamic lifestyle (regarding cultural and economiclife) had encountered a lot of problems.Based on the results of this study, it is recommended that economic planners become familiar with the theoretical principles and methods of Islamic economyand design powerful economic organizations and structures based on them. Furthermore,all members of the society should be trained based on Islamic approaches to economy.As a result,proper Islamic behavior is disseminated in the society and can be expanded tocover the economic lifestyle in Islamic culture and civilization.

Complexity theory refers to study of adaptive complex systems. We cannot explain and understanding of theses system by contemporary paradigms that based on linear equations. The current methods in social science have not power of researching any kind of these systems. We can study public policy as a complexes system for complexity science. in this paper, we exploring adaptive complex systems, their characteristics and justify implications of these systems for public policy making

The aim of this study is to discuss the method of teaching economics with a localization and modernization approach. Since the field of economics is constantly evolving and progressing، achieving this goal requires continuous modernization. Therefore، teaching economics with localization and modernization approach is inevitable. The localization of economics in all societies requires much attention to the structure، conditions and realities of the economy as well as the norms and values ​​of the societies. In Islamic societies، such requirement means that economics has to be thought with an Islamic approach. The key to succeed in this matter is the availability of economists who are well aware of Islamic economics with great experiences in teaching and conducting research and also the availability of relevant materials and textbooks in this field. According to the findings of the study، the first step in teaching economics is to begin with critical evaluation of the concept of economic man and to continue with investigation of some methodological considerations. To this end، it is need the scientific theories should be considered as a set of explanatory propositions explaining the causal relationship between the variables involved. These propositions consist of presumptions، normative propositions and positive propositions. Religious beliefs and moral values are highly effective in structuring the presumptions and creating and developing the scientific theories. The study indicates that the education system should give a great priority to the way of thinking about economics and using creative approaches. Likewise، blind promotion of economic theories should be avoided. We should not give any ideological importance to the presumptions and the dominant analytical approaches، and one must avoid acceptance of these presumptions and theories without adequate attention. Unlike the dominant claim in the economic literature، the actual behavior of people is severely affected by moral considerations and consists of a very rich set of values and moral preferences. The empirical evidence shows that in developed societies like the United States، Germany and Russia، as well as communities such as migrating tribes of Indonesian، people’s behavior is not based on selfishness. In the present time، people show significant interest in moral and religious approaches، and the Islamic societies are faced with high demand for providing Islamic economic texts and teaching economics with Islamic approach. To this end، it is necessary to arrange and draw up economic courses with an Islamic approach for undergraduate and higher levels، particularly as regards microeconomics.

Recent evaluation of the educational system of economics in Iran shows that different views have been presented in this regard. Lately, the view that got popular, is the segregating approach. This approach, which yet continues, believes that the lessons which are related to economics must be taught all together and the lessons that are related to Islamic Economics must be separated from these lessons and be taught as a whole. This paper criticizes this segregating approach and proves theoretically that this approach faces different philosophical, methodological and practical challenges. After that, it suggests a synthetic approach as a substitute for the segregating approach and shows that this approach has different theoretical merits. In this approach, Islamic economics is not confined to some special lessons but is widened considerably in a way to include conventional lessons, as well.