جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « تصویر بدن » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Beauty especially for women,is important in the modern world.Physical identity in disabled people is different from others.The present study was conducted with the aim of identifying the feminine identity and body image in blind girls.It follows qualitative approach and interpretive phenomenological method.The field of investigation was blind girls in Tehran.The participants were 19 students of Tehran University who were selected by available targeted sampling.The data were obtained through a semi-structured interview and analyzed by Colaizzian coding.According to the findings,female identity from the perspective of the participants includes three general categories:dimensions of femininity,femininity of the blind,and body image.Female identity has inner,physical and social dimensions.The femininity of the blind is formed in relation to social roles,communications,acceptability and social activity.In the attitudinal dimension of body image,attention to appearance and satisfaction with it were rated high in the participants.In the perceptual dimension,beauty was not recognized as a criterion of merit,except in short-term relationships.As a result of the findings,the female identity of blind girls is similar to others in the inner dimension; But visual impairment and its consequences have caused the female identity of blind girls to be formed in a physical and social dimension different from other girls and bring challenges for them.

People suffering from gender boredom obviously suffer from constant discomfort due to the inadequacy of the gender role and current feelings, abundant and continuous interest in identifying with the opposite sex without taking advantage of the specific cultural and social benefits of that sex. Therefore, the present study was conducted with the aim of comparingto compare body image, rumination, and social anxiety in people suffering from sexual boredom and normal people.

The current research was descriptive and causal-comparative. The statistical population included all people with gender dysphoria and trans-sexual members of the support association for sexual dysphoria patients in Tehran province. All normal people living in Tehran province were the normal people of in this study. The number of 50 affected people and 50 normal people were selected according to the available methods. the body image concern questionnaires of Littleton et al. (2005), rumination by Nolen Hoeksma and Maro (1991), and social anxiety by Connor (2000) were used tTo collect data, the body image concern questionnaires of Littleton et al. (2005), rumination by Nolen Hoeksma and Maro (1991) and social anxiety by Connor (2000) were used. The collected data were analyzed using multivariate analysis of variance inand SPSS24 software.

The results showed a statistically significant difference between the two groups in body image concern (F=90.46 and P<0.01), rumination (F=115.01 and P<0.01), and social anxiety. (F=87.95 and P>0.01).

based on the results,The results showed that people with gender boredom have lower body image and higher rumination and social anxiety than non-sufferers. Changing cultural beliefs and increasing social acceptance can play an important role in improving body image, rumination, and social anxiety.

the purpose of this study was to investigate the mediating role of Self-Differentiation between the Self-Esteem and Body image.

this is a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population of the present study includes all Married Women living in Tehran in 2020. That 211 of them were selected by available sampling method and they completed the Body Image Scale, Self-Esteem Scale and Self-Differentiation Questionnaire. the data were analyzed by Pearson Correlation and Path Analysis.

the results showed that there is a significant relationship between Body Image, Self-Differentiation and Self-Esteem (p<0.05), and Self-Differentiation in the relationship between Self-Esteem and Body Image, play a mediating role.

it can be concluded that Self-Differentiation as a mediator can modify the relationship between Self-Esteem and Body Image. Therefore, the emphasis on Self-Differentiation training can be considered in order to reduce the effects of negative Body Image. The results are discussed.

Nowadays With the advent of widespread communication networks,  people‘s lifestyle has been influenced. Instagram is one of the communication platforms that, due to its interactivity and the possibility of publishing and sharing photos and contents, provides the ground for comparison among peers, and also causes users dissatisfaction with their body image, eating disorders,  changing their attitudes toward fashion. researchers have always interested in Lifestyle changes under the influence of social media and the influence of different age groups. The aim of the study was to investigate the impact of Instagram on the lifestyle of Tabriz women in three dimensions of body image, eating disorders, fashion. The statistical population consisted of 385 women aged 20 to 70 years living in Tabriz. The research was correlational and conducted through a survey. Data were collected using a questionnaire and from samples selected randomly. The results showed that there was a significant relationship between the number of hours of using Instagram and women's attitudes toward their body image, eating disorders and fashion. With the increase of using Instagram hours, women's attitudes toward fashion and modern lifestyle increases, and this, affects the way they look at their bodies and encourages them to control their weight and eating disorders. According to the findings, Instagram has the most influence on mode among the dimensions of lifestyle. Underlying factors such as body mass index, age, income, marital status, and employment status were also strong predictors that intensified media influence.

This research was applied in terms of purpose and in terms of implementation of descriptive research of correlation-prediction type and with the aim of predicting the dimensions of identification based on self-esteem and body image of girls. 

The statistical population consisted of all high school students Areas 2 and 12 of Tehran in the 95-96 academic year and the number was 37,856. The sample size was 433 students Klein  Formulation. One-stage random cluster sampling was used. Identity Dimensions Questionnaire Czech and Tropez, Chen and Underwood (1994) - AIQ-IV Fourth Edition, Cooper Smith (1981)Self-Esteem and Multidimensional Body-Self Relationships Questionnaire Kesh(1990) (MBSRQ) were used. Data were analyzed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression analysis. 

Findings showed that the dimensions of girls ' identity based on their self-esteem and body image were predictable. Adolescents girls' self-esteem had a significant positive relationship with their personal identity tendency. Also, all dimensions of identity (personal, communicative, and social) had a significant relationship with the component of body image appearance tendency.

A high level of tendency to appear is associated with a higher level of tendency to social identity. High levels of self-esteem are associated with high levels of a tendency towards personal identity.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the mediator role of Body Image in relationship between Mindfulness and Quality of Marital Relationship Married Females nurses. The statistical population of the study included all married female nurses in 21 public and private hospitals active in the obstetrics and gynecology department of Shiraz, out of the 9 selected hospitals, 155 married nurses working in the obstetrics and gynecology department were cluster random selected as samples. The questionnaires of Mindfulness (Walach et al, 2006), Quality of Marital Relationship (Chonody et al, 2016), and Body Image (Fisher, 1970) were used to collect the data. The data analyzed by method Partial Least Square and Sobel test. Findings indicated that Mindfulness has a direct and significant impact on Body Image and Quality of Marital Relationship Married Females. Also the Mindfulness has has a positive and significant impact on Quality of Marital Relationship Married Females. Finally, the results of studying the role of mediator variable showed that Mindfulness has an indirect and significant impact on Quality of Marital Relationship Females through Body Image. Based on the results of this study, the techniques of mindfulness play an important role in improving the body image and the quality of marital relationship; therefore, it is recommended that Marital Specialist counseling centers be increased with emphasis on mindfulness skills in the country.

  Gender, as a research area in sociology of sport, is of particular importance. Since women constitute half of the human resources playing an effective role the development of any society. Therefore, in cultural, social and economic development programs, attempts should be made to pave the way for the better utilization of their capabilities and talents to provide the ground for their presence in different social domains and their effective participation in cultural development. One of main areas associated with cultural development in every society is women’s sport participation. On the other hand, through changes in cultural models and lifestyles and their effects on women’s body management, and considering body as a partial reflection of today`s world and its close relationship with life, woman`s identity, the degree of their participation, the study women’s body management as an index of lifestyle has gained momentum. Against this background, the present study aims to test a model in which women’s sport participation is the dependent variable, and the body image (body surveillance, body shame) and body management (tendency toward physical fitness, use of cosmetics and attitude toward cosmetic surgery) have been considered as dependent variables.

Material & Methods The current is study is a survey in which uses questionnaire as a data collection method. Women at 19 years of age and above in Ilam province constitute the statistical population of this research (N=193952). To determine the sample size, using Cockran’s sample size formula, 500 women were selected through cluster random sampling and the required data were collected. This research is of adequate theoretical validity and the reliability of the questionnaire was checked using Cronbach’s Alpha. Reliability indices for the components of the questionnaire include variable body management (Tendency towards Physical Fitness: .75, Use of Cosmetics: .80 , and Cosmetic Surgeries: .91), and body image (Body Surveillance: .83 and Body Shame: .90) all of which fall above the acceptable level of .70. Of course, sport participation has been examined as an observed variable, and since in studies conducted by Berger and Relley (2008), Sliter and Tigman (2011) Ris and Saib (2010) Pififer et al. (2006), Pastor et a.l (2003), Mor and Chadley (2005), Linstorm (2001) and Jones and More (2012), the questionnaire has been used with slight modifications as a standard and internationally recognized and reliable questionnaire. The collected data were coded and analyzed using SPSS 23 and Amos 21 and Pearsonproduct-moment correlation and univariate regression were run to test the hypotheses. Additionally, to test the joint effect of independent variables on the dependent variables and testing the fitness of the model, structural equation modeling (SEM) was run through Amos.

Discussion of Results &Conclusions From the 500 respondents, based on the place of the sport activity, 175 did sport at home, 95 in parks, 160 in the nature and just 96 in sport clubs. The women in Ilam province participate in sport activities as follows: hiking: 310; stretching execises: 123;, climbing: 95; physical fitness (aerobics, fitness and …): 62 volleyball: 32; badminton:19; , treadmill execises: 17, Futsal: 12 and yoga: 10. The findings show that women participate more in collective and low-cost exercises. Additionally, the findings show three-quarters (74%) of women in Ilam exercise between 10 to 699 minutes on average. At the same time, only 8.33 percent of them exercise professionally and regularly and most of them (2.4 percent) have irregular exercises between 10 to 120 min for pleasure or for health. The average participation of Ilam women in urban areas (138 minutes) is significantly more than rural areas (97 minutes). In addition to more sport participation, women in urban areas, in comparison to rural areas, exercise more professionally and regularly and the number of organized athletes in cities is more than that in rural areas. Of course collective exercise is more popular among rural women. The findings of the analysis and research model showed that body image has a greater effect on women`s participation directly (β = .34) and indirectly (β =.33) and in total with .a 67 effect size had the greatest effect on sport participation. The tendency toward physical fitness,, out of body management dimensions, has a moderate positive effect (.45) on women`s participation, whereas tendency toward cosmetic surgeries has a reverse weak effect (-.12) on women`s participation. Tendency towards using cosmetics did not have an effect of women’s participation. In addition, R2, the squared multiple correlation coefficient was reported to be .56 which indicate that the two variables of body image and body management and their components explain up to 56% percent of variance in women`s sport participation. The finding of this research provide a partially different model, meanwhile confirming the theoretical perspectives and research background regarding the effect of body image and body management on sport participation, because in the analytical model of the research, in addition to direct influence on sport participation, body image influences sport participation via body management. But in Ilam province, because of difference in cultural values towards Western societies, women, from among different alternatives stemming from their self-image (body image), focus on special dimensions of body management (including physical fitness and use of cosmetics), based on accepted and expected norms while cosmetic surgery is advanced as the third dimension of body management comes in contrast to sport participation. That is, as the result of body shame, women choose between cosmetic surgery and sport participation and here the accepted alternative of the majority of people in the society is sport participation

Given the significance of attitudes and beliefs in worries about body images، the present paper aims at studying the relation between worries about body images and illogical beliefs and gender-relatedattitudes. In a descriptive-correlational study، 150 female university students were asked to respond to a questionnaire about body images، illogical beliefs، and gender-related attitudes. The results of correlations showed that the worries about body images have a positive relation with feeling too desperate to change، expecting approval from others، and emotional irresponsibility. Such worries had positive relations with physiological attitudes، structural functionalism، and radical feministattitudes، but had negative relations with liberal feminist and separatist attitudes. The results of the regression analysis revealed that 44% of variance of worries about body images can be justified by illogical beliefs and gender-related attitudes. The results of the study show that illogical beliefs and gender-related attitudes are effective in worries about body images.

Today's world, recognized as "the age of information", is a world in which media has penetrated into all and each aspects of human life in an unavoidable way. As one of the most advanced visual media tools, Satellite TV has been increasingly accessible for Iranian public in recent years, facilitating cultural and taste changes among Iranian families. Satellite programs, advertisements and images change people's attitudes regarding body and believes about beauty. They contain profound impacts on people's understanding and perception of their bodies and their level of self-esteem to such a degree that many may actually take initiative and begin to manipulate their body in order to conform to such beauty norms and ideals. Now, women and young girls in particular, because are primarily evaluated and commended according to their physical attractiveness, are more than men inclined to try to obtain fit and attractive bodies. The present paper aims at examining the effects of media images- which promote the ideal of beauty- on body image and self-esteem. In doing so, we introduce a relatively unknown variable named appearance self-schema as a moderating variable, whose role is examined in the process of media impact on body image and self-esteem. Although various studies in the past have paid attention to the role of media in body management and body image, fewer studies have actually considered the role that variables such as appearance self-schema can play. This variable is crucially important not only for understanding experiences of body image in everyday life, but for understanding the amount of investment people have in believes and assumptions related to importance, significance, and influence of appearances in general. Methods and Materials: This is a quantitative study, with experiment as its main strategy. Research sample was randomly selected from among female graduate students of the University of Isfahan who lived in University dormitory and were divided into two groups of experiment and control. Limiting research sample to on-campus students and graduate level is due to make sure of the paring principle between the two groups of experiment and control, and also to make sure that we can control the accessibility of the groups to satellite TV programs. In order to measure body image variable, Tomas Cash's (1997) standard questionnaire was used and in order to measure the level of self-esteem, Rosenberg's questionnaire. Also, appearance self-schema variable was measured using Cash's et al (2003) standard questionnaire. Media images, including pictures of attractive and bodily fit women, were sent to members of the experiment group via email as incentive to see how their perceptions might be influenced. Via pre-test, subject's information were obtained before the incentive is put into effect, that is, scores for variables of body image, self-esteem and self-schema appearance. Then for a period of one month, members of the experiment group were sent image incentives while control group members were supposed to see no similar images. At the end and in post-test, the scores of both groups were again measured to see what changes might have happened. Discussion of Results and Research findings indicate that being subject to Satellite TV images does in fact influence body image. Those subjects who watch satellite programs advertising beauty products and physical fitness or films in which attractive, beautiful and fit actors play, have a more negative attitude toward their appearance and body. This is because, we assume, seeing these models takes the standards and criteria of beauty at a higher level among subjects and makes it difficult for them to feel competent upon comparison. This upward comparison produce a negative feeling about one's appearance and body. Also, being subject to media images has a meaningful relationship with appearance self-schema in the sense that those subjects who are more subject to attractive media images obtain a higher score in appearance self-schema variable, which means appearance becomes more of a priority and centrality in their lives, pushing them toward more involvement in appearance-managing behavior. These subjects tend to interpret their life events according to appearance more than others. In fact, appearance turns into a kind of schema for them to process information and influence the interpretation of subsequent information as well. However, being subject to media images does not have a meaningful relationship with the level of self-esteem in this research. In order to account for this, we would argue that as an enduring structure, self-esteem is rather inflexible and resist influence in the face of short-term motivations. Its vacillations are not fast. Therefore, although seeing attractive media images can influence attitudes toward body and even make it negative, it is unlikely that subject's levels of self-esteem change dramatically. As another finding, a meaningful relationship was found between appearance self-schema score and body image score. The variable of appearance self-schema indicates how much one invests in his or her physical appearance. Subjects with higher scores in appearance self-schema are individuals for whom appearance constitutes one of the most important aspects of existence and interpret most of their everyday event according to it. For these individuals appearance self-schema does have a moderating role, in the sense that the mere encounter with attractive images would not make their attitudes toward the boy more negative, but it depends on how much of an important matter the appearance is for them. In other words, those individuals for whom appearance is very important tend to become more influenced upon seeing media images.

Paying much attention to one's appearance and body is one of the major consequences of today's consumer society which has manifested itself in going on diets, body building, and losing weight. The present article aims to study the factors that affect this tendency among women residing in Isfahan. To do this, 340 women aged 20-42 were selected using a stratified sampling technique. Bourdieu's and Goffman's ideas along with those of Giddens and exchange theory were used to construct a theoretical framework that associated certain variables to tendency toward physical fitness. The findings showed that the mean for tendency toward physical fitness was 43.2 (expected mean was 33). The results also showed that a woman's perceptions of men's views regarding women's shapes, wanting to be liked by others, and usage of mass media were positively associated with tendency toward physical fitness. The association between satisfaction with one's body and tendency toward physical fitness was reverse. No association was found between age, and socio-economic status and tendency toward physical fitness. Regression analysis indicated that three independent variables (women's perceptions of men's views, wanting to be liked, and spouse's education) together could explain 24 percent of the variance of the dependent variable

In the modern world, there is more short relationship among people. Therefore know themselves more with physical and visible characteristics rather than different or similarities in ascribed and achieved characteristics. The appearance of an individual is considered a sign identity. By the other words, what we can see in appearance account as main source of communication, interpretation. Among all of these characteristics, body constitutes the most direct and accessible base that can carry and play different forms of lifestyle and identity, so it is essential. It is perceived that body is a social and cultural reality. Therefore it is conceptualized by sociological theories such as social regulation, social symbols. This research applied the sociological theory of symbolic interaction and social structure of body in order to explain socialization of body and main concepts of the body. These theories portray that family, media, school and peers could influence on socialization. Body image is constituted in the life careers women. They learn how look at their body, how managed their body and how change their bodies. This process passed from family especially in childhood career, school and peers especially in adolescent career and finally media throughout of their life. The overall aim of this study is to explore of social factors influence on women to perception of body image. Alongside with the main aim, this research also seeks to test some hypothesis. The main hypothesis included: 1- there is relationship between spouse attitude and body image in women, 2- there is relationship between women body image and their socialization such as family, school, friends and media, and 3- there is relationship between women body image and age, educational level and marital status. This is a survey research that adopts a descriptive and analytic method. Statistic society is women of 18 to 40 year-old the city of Isfahan with a population of 106,573. The sample size was calculated according to Cochran formula, 384 cases, and method of sampling was a multistage sampling. In first stage three regions have been chosen according to the Isfahan council information. Then each region divided to the blocks and one of them chooses as statistical unit, finally, the cases have been chosen randomly. The element was questionnaire consisted by research team according to the research theoretical framework. It included two separate parts questions which evaluated both socialization of cases and women body images. The questionnaire validity was provided by scholars and its reliability was calculated according to coefficients Cronbach's alpha (r = 0.70). The data was analyzed by SPSS software. In this line, table distribution frequency has been employed to show descriptive data and tests of Pierson, F and T has been used to analyze the relationship between variables. Discussion of Results & Findings showed that mothers, sisters, friends and peers had the most effect on people’s appearance and dress. It is showed that there is relationship between attitudes of family, school around perspective, the use of media and influence of media and age with body image. But there was no significant relationship between management and body view with formation of body image. Also with t-test, relationship between marital status, education and occupation was assessed. The data show that there is a negative relationship between age and women body image. It means increasing age among women could decline their body image and their satisfaction around their bodies. The data also show that single girls had better body image in compare with married women. It is also suggested that increasing educational levels among women could raise women consent related to their body image. The main aim of this study was to study social factors influence on women to perception of body image. The results showed that variables of family, school, peers and media significantly had correlation with body image. The results showed that the major variable in constitution of body image is media. The results also showed that women relatives, school and family also impact on women body image but their influences are not much as media. The results of this research are corresponded with the results in other countries in the matter of media. They show that increasing using media could decline the women consents body images. Family also had a significant impact on women body image has been reported by many research worldwide. The findings of current research confirm their findings. The results of this research showed that relatives and friends had empowered influence on the women body image, so that women body image impactions of significant others had more negative body image among cases. However, it seems socialization can be effective in information of body image during individual’s lifetime. Because according to the results, women high level educated had more attention on their body images in compare with women low level educated. The results of this research also are alongside with other research in Iran and out of Iran. According to the findings it is suggested the researchers consider on perception the processes which each variables such as family, friends, peers, school and media could changes the women body image during a long time period. It seems understanding these processes could be resulted through a qualitative method research.

The Purpose of the present study is to examine the relationship between mass media، self-esteem، body image، and make up based on Festinger’s social comparison theory. A sample of 601 female students studying in universities of the city of Shiraz (consisting of Islamic Azad University، Payam-e Nour، and the University for Medical Sciences) participated in this study. We used survey method and prepared a questionnaire for data collection. The students were selected via Festinger’s table with an error margin of 4%. Festinger’s theory was also utilized as the theoretical framework. In this research make up was examined in its two aspects of ‘practice’، and ‘thoughtful make up’. The findings of this research show that a large proportion of our respondents used make up and were also inclined to use make up and that interestingly enough، a large proportion of the same respondents were dissatisfied with their body image. Further، significant negative relationship between self-esteem and dissatisfaction of body image and tendency to use make up were found. In addition، there were significant positive relationship between dissatisfaction of body image، practicing، and tendency to use make up. Finally، different types of media had different relationship with use and tendency to use make up، self- esteem and body image.

The main purpose of this study is to describe gender differences in body image and to explore the influences of some socio-psychosocial factors on it. The study has been conducted via survey method and data has been collected by self-administered questionnaire. The present statistical society was all students of the University of Mazandaran in 2010. Overall, 360 students were selected through availability sampling as the final research sample. Descriptive results of the study show a significant gender difference in the body image satisfaction, that is to say that women or men are more dissatisfied bodily.Moreover, analytical results indicate that; such variables as appearance orientation (body investment), body embarrassment, body surveillance and self esteem variables could significantly presuppose the level of body satisfaction among total sample. However a substantial gender difference has been witnessed in influencing body shame variable. In other words body shame variable, in addition to body investment and self esteem- as components of self objectification variable- are predicting factors of body satisfaction among women (and not men), illustrating the severe effects of social expectations from ideal body of the females and internalization of them compared to men. Furthermore, there is a gender difference in the level of body investment, signifying that young females compared to males, report greater investment on their bodies and engage in extensive grooming behaviors. Finally, students with a sense of self esteem had greater sense of satisfaction over their body image.