جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « مقایسه ی تاریخی » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Women have never occupied an equal status as men in science. An investigation of women's roles and participation history in science implies that there is not a great difference in the status of women in science between Iranian and western women before 20th century. Women's education in Iranian and western history had been based on domestic roles and ethical virtues until late decades of 19th century. It is in the beginning of 20th century that women's academic education in Europe surpasses Iranian education. In the contemporary era, women occupy a lower status than men in both Europe and Iran. Women's entrance in university in all educational levels in Iran is similar to Europe. Women leak in the pipeline of scientific achievements more than men in a similar manner in Iran and in the west. But there is a distinguishable difference in the quantity of leakage in achieving statuses such as university staff membership, scientific institution or scientific elite organizations membership and managerial positions occupancy. Sociological theories account two factors of women's participation and external exclusions as the explaining factors of women's status in science. We suppose that the gender gap in scientific statuses is best excluded by applying theories of exclusion and equalizer policies.