جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « Pedestrian » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

In the developed countries of the world, pedestrians and pedestrianism have the first priority in the design and related policies. For this reason, sidewalks and pedestrian lanes should be considered an environment for carefree and easy movement of people. According to the global road safety report in 2015, more than 1.2 million people are killed in road accidents in the world every year, and accidents are one of the main causes of death in the world. The purpose of this research is to investigate new solutions for securing pedestrian crossings. By reviewing the articles and methods that have been done in the past and suggested solutions such as creating light protection in pedestrian crossings, signs and traffic lights, lights that warn vehicles of pedestrian crossing, stepped pedestrian crossing crossings, creating underpass bridges. Pedestrians in crossings with a high volume of pedestrian traffic, removing the factors blocking the field of view, creating a cross lane on the route, also by examining the risk factors of traffic accidents, pedestrian accident points and the role of the police in law enforcement to investigate traffic problems and reduce casualties. have paid.

The street and sidewalks attractiveness has a crucial role in reviving social life and maintaining the citizens security which is a platform of impressing social interactions in city, but unfortunately, they are not attended enough on their height with the lack of policies and community management. This research is aimed at achieving the main article purpose »improving the pedestrian ability with emphasis on social interactions in the Mashhad Koohsangi axis« With descriptive-analytical method, measurement and evaluation approach. It gathers information by library and field studies (Expert observations and distributing questionnaires among users and elites). Thus, the data obtained are interred in Super decision and Excel applications to respectively evaluate and analyze the sub-criteria, components and criteria. Finally, the last scores are gained by multiply and merge weights calculated into each other based on the two groups opinions and the pedestrian ability is evaluated in the mentioned axis. The findings indicate that the security component with a score 0.058 is the most important factor in the Mashhad Koohsangi axis presence of consumers and next, in order; permeability and accessibility, safety, vitality and dynamism, hiking equipment and facilities and readability and imaging Components with scores 0.048, 0.043, 0.039, 0.033 and 0.032 Are located in the following categories of the axis pedestrian ability. The study results also show the two security and safety elements along with the proper access issue have dedicated pedestrian foundation as an important platform in the citizen social interactions development in Mashhad urban streets, especially the Koohsangi.

One of the consequences of rapid growth of urbanization in recent decades has been neglecting human presence in urban spaces, which is the cause of the decline of social interactions of individuals. Today, more principles of sustainable development are in the public domain city. In this regard, since active engagement with life is more than anything else, by providing opportunities for participation, activity and social interaction among citizens, the extent participation in public areas city affect the physical and mental conditions of citizens and the establishment of the goals of sustainable social development are influential. The purpose of the present research is to evaluate the theoretical and empirical methods and identify some effective indicators on achieving social and cultural sustainability the urban spaces and considering the needs citizens in the urban environment of the sample. The current study is descriptive-analytical and surveying in terms of purpose, practical and applied, in terms of nature and method of the study. The statistical tools of SPSS used to analyze the questionnaires of the statistical society and to test the research hypotheses and the final results were presented in the form of goals, strategies and executive policies. Based on the above theory and the results of the questionnaire, Pasdaran Street currently has no conditions. But considering the existing potential, if favorable conditions for walking can be created, it can turn into an urban space to meet the social and needs of citizens in the city of Ilam. If it succeeds, it can be used as a model for the sidewalks in Ilam.

The study of pedestrian safety rules and regulations among Iran and model countries, in addition to assisting to identify potential weak points in Iranian safety rules and regulations towards vulnerable road users, especially pedestrians, can make a guideline to take effective precautions for pedestrian safety rules and regulations improvement in our dear Iran. In this research which is based on present references in Iranian libraries and translation of existing rules and regulations in official websites and systems of the model countries, including USA, Ireland republic, Australia, Britain and Canada, has been strived to identify, not only highway codes, but also rules and regulations, including key risks to pedestrians safety and adopted national strategies among above-mentioned countries, and suggest some guidelines for improving safety level of pedestrians in our country. Meanwhile, the main target of the essay entitled: "reviewing and identifying rules and regulations of pedestrian's safety among model countries, and deterrence and effectiveness of such rules and regulations, and comparing them with relevant paragraphs to Iranian traffic rules and regulations in order to utilize and update them". Comparing pedestrians rules and regulations and fatalities data among Iran and model countries represents that despite of 44.7% reduction in pedestrians fatalities in comparison with the initial year and relatively deterrent laws enforcement towards pedestrians safety and other road users in the 10 years period of the research, Iran still has assigned the most pedestrian fatalities average out of the total ones that represents improper status of pedestrian fatalities ratio out of total traffic deaths in our country that demands more efforts of road safety stakeholders.

One of the major problems of mankind today's urban life, devotion too much to move the cars and the result of the negligence of pedestrian movement and is organizing its spaces.Spaces and public areas is one of the essential elements of everyday urban life and are the most important cities. Walking is one of the most sustainable methods of transport and can be of various aspects of physical, social, ecological, cultural, economic and political development would be sustainable cities. Strategies to improve the safety of pedestrians used to be the most comprehensive in the form of " 3E "(engineering, education, enforcement) is expressed. The separation movement of pedestrians from vehicles in urban areas and also how construction of transverse crossings (overpasses - underpasses - level) in urban and suburban areas to ensure the safety of pedestrians is a good indicator. Key factors in crashes involving pedestrians, such as speed, lack of facilities for pedestrians, are insufficient to pedestrians and lack of law enforcement were sufficient in this paper tried using the method of collecting descriptive - the library of each of these factors examined and analysis should be And strategies for improving pedestrian safety as well as optimize expression in order to protect pedestrians in car crashes has also been studied.

Pedestrians are the most vulnerable users of roads. By developing walking culture in metropolitans, pedestrian safety has become more important. One of the main and the most practical pedestrian safety equipment is pedestrian bridge. Identifying effective parameters on people’s desire to cross streets using these bridges can increase the bridges’ role in pedestrian safety. Factors such as street traffic volume, street direction, safety islands, bridge distance from the nearest intersection, street refuge, stair type (normal or escalator), bridge tidiness, bridge deck width, and light status are studied in this paper as effective parameters. Percentage of people passing various bridges in different parts of Tehran is calculated. Next, a regression model is developed for finding out the relation between bridge features and bridge passing share. The results show that having refuge on the street and escalator on the bridge are the most effective parameters on people desire to use pedestrian bridges.

A considerable amount of accidents occur at signalized and urban intersections which are the intensive crash places. Therefore in this paper appropriate models that could specify safety indicators have been indicated with existing information by characterized dependant and independant variables for 16 signalized intersections. The results of sensitivity analysis show that the maximum sensitivity of pedestrian crashes is related to bus stop which nears to intersection and increases 21.07 % of pedestrian crashes. This happens because more pedestrians are crossing stations.Discrete turn reduces 20.34% of pedestrian crashes at intersections.

In recent years, pedestrian’s accidents allocated a significant portion of traffic accidents. In Iran; pedestrian have more than 30 percent of crashes and 23 percent of traffic fatalities. In the Urmia city, 60 percent of traffic fatalities are pedestrians. Identify affecting factors in pedestrian’s accidents and provide strategies for reducing accidents in the Urmia city are the purpose of this article. Research method is application of analytical and the method of data collection is library and field. The results show that based on Friedman test affecting factors in pedestrian’s accidents are passing pedestrians crossing the street , walking through the intersection and cross over the front of the bus stop at the station for each test ratings respectively are 13.21 , 12.28 and 12.08. The weakest factors in pedestrian’s accidents are hit by car in reverse gear driven, working or playing in the street and passing pedestrians the line with the direction the vehicle that the test ratings of variables respectively are 5.24, 6.14 and 6.74.

While pedestrian have no relation to motorized vehicle, but they are in more considerable fatalities. 24% of fatalities is allocated to pedestrian during 2007 to 2011 in Iran meanwhile this percent in developed countries was half. In the present study, pedestrian traffic accident features by epidemiological instrument was analyzed. By using this measuring tool, it was cleared that pedestrian death rate was decreased in recent years and from 9 individual reached to 7 per 100000. In addition, in accident occurring, pedestrian bore up more fatalities than other road users. Among them, old pedestrian had more fatalities and percentage.

Pedestrian are one of the vulnerable groups of Guilan accidents. This group comprise 30 percent of fatalities. Rural roads of Guilan have more pedestrian accidents among different provinces in Iran. In the first six month of 2012, these accidents have increased. The main aim of this study is vulnerability study of pedestrian in rural roads of Guilan and presenting strategies for improving traffic safety. In the present study, reaction method for analyzing safety situation is used and crisis points (police checkpoints, pedestrian accident time and road situation) have been identified and finally necessary strategies for studing accident severity is presented. Analyzing accident prone places showed that 25 percent of pedestrian accidents occurred in 10 points of all total roads. By studing these places and points can save 113 lives from death and disability.

Unfortunately, our country every year many people lose their lives in traffic accidents, the costs for our country is very high and sometimes irreparable. The loss of a large number of people in the accident, including ordinary people and intellectuals and elites in ages between the ages of 35 years and the yield of the individual to society, waste is, indeed, irreparable,and Losses resulting from these losses are calculated from a sociological perspective. The findings showed that in the period studied, 72/3% of the dead man and 27/7% were women from the place of death, 12/3% of victims before reaching the hospital and 47/9% of the hospital and 34/8% of the incident and 2/4% died at home main cause of death was head trauma (44/8%) and major rural roads deceased persons (41%) and urban roads (41/1 %) and 17/3% of rural dirt roads and have an accident. 40/2% of those younger than 30 years, 9/7 %years and between 49-30 41/3% were over 50 years old. And 16/6% of victims of traffic accidents at that time were between the ages 18 to 29,it indicated the most victims wrer among the pedestrians who were old and under 10 years old.

The main purpose of this research is to study the role of conformity between Tehrani pedestrians in traffic-light violation. The method used in this research was field research. Observation, interviews and confederates also facilitated the research. The sample size included 287 individuals who were all pedestrians waiting for green light beside the confederates. Chi-square and t-tests were employed to analyze the data inferential statistics and obtain the mean difference of individual's ages in both confirmative and non-confirmative categories, respectively.The results of this research indicated that there was a relationship between conformity and traffic-light violation by pedestrians. Moreover, a relationship appeared to exist between the presence of confederates and traffic-light violation conformity. This study also indicated that a meaningful relation existed between conformity and the answer to the research question. There was no relationship between conformity and the individual's age, education, gender or place of residence. This research indicated that the conformity is one of the major factors of pedestrian light-violation in Tehran.