جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « accountability » در نشریات گروه « علوم اجتماعی »

Certainly ISIS in Syria carried out terrorist operations that can be classified at the same time as war crimes, crimes against humanity, and genocide. But the problem here is whether the actions of ISIS can be, as a failed insurgent group, attributed to the Syrian government. The study showed that the criminal and non-governmental acts of ISIS are not attributed to the Syrian government, and thus Damascus is not internationally responsible for them. Exceptionally, however, if the Syrian government fails or falls short in suppressing and prosecuting ISIS or granting amnesty to its members, their behavior can be attributed to the Syrian government and, the economic, administrative, and judicial violations that ISIS carried out on the lands under its control in Syria can be attributed to the Syrian government if the conditions of Article 9 of the draft articles on international responsibility are met. The basic issue is that, given the overthrow of the so-called ISIS rule and the non-existence of the Islamic State of Iraq and the Levant, who is the authority that would be responsible for the acts contrary to international law committed by that self-appointed government during its span? Therefore, the issue at hand is the international responsibility of the ISIS government, which no longer exists, but the criminal responsibility of ISIS members is another category and is not the subject of this research. While many papers have been written on criminal liability, but the issue of international responsibility due to the illegal actions of ISIS has not received special attention.

 Theft is one of the crimes that has a great impact on the security and sense of securityin the society, the prevention and reduction of which has always been one of theconcerns of the police organizations. Therefore, demanding and making responsible isvery important in the process of crime prevention. This research was conducted with theaim of investigating the mechanisms of making non-governmental organizationsresponsible for preventing theft (the case of study of Chaharmahal and Bakhtiariprovince). The current research is based on the purpose of the applied type, based onthe nature and design of the research in a qualitative way. The tool used in the researchwill be a semi-structured interview. The statistical population was divided into twoqualitative groups: 14 experts in the field of police station performance and 175quantitative groups using Cochran's formula. Data analysis was done using SPSSsoftware and descriptive and survey statistics were used for data analysis. The findingsin the qualitative section showed that accountability mechanisms were identified in fourcategories: cultural mechanisms, social mechanisms, economic mechanisms, andsecurity and preventive mechanisms. The research results showed that strengtheningthese mechanisms can be effective in preventing theft.

In today's world, the non-governmental organizations have proven their presence in many fields, including the welfare field, and it seems that they have an indispensable position in the establishment. They have a system of benevolence and charity. The aim of the present research is to investigate the paradoxical nature of independence and dependence of German non-governmental organizations (principle of subordination) and their accountability mechanisms toward regulatory institutions. Study

This research was conducted with a qualitative approach and documentary method.

Based on the results of the research, the contribution of the mentioned organizations in Germany is expanding by maintaining independence from the government in providing services to the needy people, and they use five accountability mechanisms to respond to the government and government agencies. In Iran's peer organizations, however, due to the existence of a non-functional relationship, there is no independence, and due to the absence of a regulatory system and a coordinating mechanism, their performance is practically not evaluated.

based on the findings of the research and to apply these results in the establishment of the charity system, some recommendations can be made about peer organizations in Iran: 1. Services should be provided to the disadvantaged organization involved in the policy making process. 2. The best services should be given to the needy classes, a managed division of work should be done between governmental and non-governmental organizations. 3. The government should maintain its supervisory role and demand periodical reports from the custodian organizations. 4. To prevent parallel work between the custodian institutions, support should be individual-oriented and based on the national code of individuals. 5. The mission and description of the duties of the custodian organizations should be based on their level of empowerment and organizational capability. 6. A specific system should be set up to apply transparency in providing aid to governmental and non-governmental institutions.

One of the new approaches to development is a good governance model that provides the basis for a democratic development. The main features of this model can be "government accountability to citizens", "rule of law", "democracy", "participation", and " right to choose", and so on. In this model, the supreme power belongs to the people.The main question of this research is that "How is thre Good governance dituation mohammad Khatami(seventh and eights) and mahmood Ahmadinejad(ninth and tenth) government?" The main hypothesis of this article is that "It seems(rule of law,accountability,participation )that good governance indicators in the mohammad khatami government have influenced political development in the mahmood ahmadinejad government on social justic."This paper seeks to compare and analyze the The situation of Good governance approaches in mohammad khatami andmahmood Ahmadinejad to content of the rule of law,accountability and participation in those governments by qualitative analysis using documentary library resources.

Environmental performance not only strengthens social legitimacy, but it also leads to a positive, competitive context, since it increases the productivity, and stimulates innovation in environmental performance it is highly important to adopt effective strategies to reduce the environmental consequences of industrial activities. Today, to protect the environment, the eventual goal is to achieve sustainable development in the form of economic programs harmonious with the principles of environmental protection and preventing the destruction and depletion of renewable and non-renewable resources. Environmental performance not only acts in the direction of strengthening social legitimacy, but it can also lead to a competitive force, because it increases productivity, stimulates innovation and attracts the organization for high potentiality in environmental performance. The existence of the educational programs on environmental assets can change the common mental assumptions about the importance of the environment, which subsequently changes the environmental culture. Researchers in this field showed that environmental education has a positive relationship with environmental culture. Management support for environmental projects is one of the most important factors in expanding and strengthening the environmental culture in any organization. The purpose of this study is to investigate the role of women in the board of directors on the environmental performance of companies. In terms of the practical purpose and in terms of the type of study, the current research is a library field, using past information in a retrospective approach. In addition, it is a type of quasi-experimental research in the field of descriptive research. Based on the research method, correlation is that in this type of research, the relationship between variables is analyzed based on the purpose of the research. In this research, the required information was collected by an extensive study of research articles and research background in this field. To collect the required data, it was also used through viewing the financial statements and notes attached to the financial statements, other reports of companies and the stock exchange organization. To achieve this goal, the data of 160 companies listed on Tehran Stock Exchange during the years 2016 to 2020 were collected and analyzed. The research method is logit regression and panel data. The Findings show that the women’s participation on the board of directors of companies has increased the environmental performance. This research indicates that the presence of women in the board of directors has a positive effect on the environmental performance of companies. Even in the European Commission, a plan has been presented to introduce a mandatory quota of women on company boards, based on the fact that companies with more female directors on the board are better managed than men on various issues (European Commission, b 2012). Akbari (2012) concluded in his research that women in most countries take more practical actions to protect the environment and optimal use of resources than men. The results of some studies display that the presence of women in the board of directors positively affects the environmental performance of companies. Women’s participation on the board can increase the company's ability to create and absorb various resources (such as; knowledge, communication, reputation, and information) to perform the responsibilities of managers on behalf of shareholders. The combination of skills resulting from gender diversity on the board leads to the creation of the necessary expertise to focus on consulting, legitimacy, and communication channels, in addition to the above, increases the company's attention to complex environmental issues and leads to improvements in the environmental performance of companies. Therefore, our research provides valuable direction for those firms working to improve both their boards’ gender diversity and their environmental performance. According to the obtained results, it is suggested that Tehran Stock Exchange Organization and the subject managers pay more attention to the environmental performance of the companies in the capital market and impose requirements to increase attention to the environmental issues of the companies admitted to the stock exchange. Also, due to the wide range of problems and dilemmas related to the environment, environmental education is necessary in the society. Therefore, more measures should be to complete and executive planning, to raise the public awareness and general environmental education for all sections of society, especially women.

the level of trust in any society can also reflect the status of social capital in that society.The purpose of this study was to Analyzing the effect of accountability of Red Crescent Staff on the trust of people in earthquake-hit rural areas of Salas-e Babajani Township. The methodology of the research was descriptive correlation. The statistical population of the study was 2630families of the earthquake-affected people in rural areas of Salas-e Babajani Township. Which 404 households were considered as the statistical population. By Using Cochran formula, 200 of them were selected as a statistical sample and studied by stratified random sampling method. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by three faculty members from the Department of Entrepreneurship and Rural Development at Ilam University. The reliability of the questionnaire was 0.87 using Cronbach's alpha, which indicates that the reliability of the research tool was suitable. Data analysis in both descriptive and inferential statistics were performed using the SPSS21 software. Results showed that between ethical accountability, legal accountability, financial accountability, functional and structural accountability, information accountability and accountability There was a positive and significant relationship between cultural institutions of relief workers (0. 650) and people's trust at the significant level of 99%.The results of regression analysis showed that the variables of moral and financial accountability explained 58.8% of the varianceof the dependent variable of trust. Also, The ethical accountability variable with a beta of 0.558 had the highest effect on the dependent variable of public trust.

The present study was conducted with the purpose of marital enrichment package based on reality therapy on the accountability and empathy of the marriage volunteers. It was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and control group design. The statistical population included all marriage volunteers who attended consultation and psychological service centers for pre-marriage consultation in the city of Isfahan in the third quarter of 2019. 30 couples were selected through multi-stage clustered random sampling method and they were randomly accommodated into experimental and control groups (each group of 15 couples). The experimental group received eight sessions of marital enrichment package based on reality therapy during two-and-a-half months. The applied questionnaires included California personality questionnaire (1987) and empathy questionnaire (Jolif and Farington, 2006). The data from the study were analyzed through ANCOVA method via SPSS23 software. The results showed that marital enrichment package based on reality therapy is effective on the accountability and empathy in marriage volunteers (p < 0.0001) in a way that it succeeded in accountability and empathy in marriage volunteers. s.

The importance of accountability in any political system is so important that the existence of the system depends on it because it prevents internal corruption and inefficiency. In this article, using a descriptive-analytical method, the manner and mechanism of the macro system of accountability of the executive branch in the Constitution of the Islamic Republic of Iran is discussed. Since the Islamic Republic of Iran is based on a religious democracy, accountability is of particular importance in the constitution; Accountability to God based on the aspect of Islam (principles 4 and 56) and accountability to the people based on the aspect of the republic (principle 6). In the Islamic system, the issue of accountability of the three branches of government, especially the executive branch, to legal institutions and the people has been considered so that the envisaged mechanism can be evaluated in two general areas: Which is recognized by the people.

In general, social and economic systems can be defined in terms of common sets of common expectations for each behavior. Therefore, accountability can be considered as a factor that connects the research and development system to industry. In this regard, after examining different models in the field of learning and innovation in society and research and development and accountability, a comprehensive new model that introduces important approaches in research and technology and organizational accountability including: managerial accountability, bureaucratic accountability Political and social accountability, market accountability and professional accountability have been extracted. Then, for each approach (dimension), ten components with different metrics (fifty metrics in total) are considered. In this research, acceptance of research and technology has been used as a new paradigm to make organizations more responsive to internal customers or employees. In this regard, after confirming the appropriateness and efficiency of the model by academic and gas industry experts (managers and experts), the main and secondary hypotheses in a field study using the gas industry data were tested and the results show that It is that the review of bureaucratic, economic, managerial criteria, market index, customer orientation and political, social approach and after reviewing through t-test, the coefficient of effectiveness of each of the indicators was measured and ranked. The basis of ranking, management index with a coefficient of 0.412 and bureaucracy with a coefficient of 0.571 in the acceptance status indicate that the research and development accountability model is successful and can be considered in policy and planning.

Accountability is one of the requirements of any organization to stay in the field of competition and gain the trust of relevant stakeholders. Accountability in organizations such as the police, which is part of the criminal justice cycle, is more effective, more durable, and less costly if it is based on remedial methods. The present study aims to assess the impact of the level of accountability based on the restorative approach on the satisfaction of clients referring to police stations.

The present research method in terms of data is quantitative, and in terms of applied objectives and nature is of correlational type. The statistical population of the present study includes 25 + clients holding high school diploma or higher and working with one of the state organizations or private companies; and on 23 August, 6 September and 21 September 2018, referred to seven police stations in Greater Tehran and  were selected through cluster sampling. Simple random sampling method was used based on Morgan table, and 322 out of about 2000 people who referred to selected police stations in six days in connection with court cases were selected. A researcher-made questionnaire based on theoretical foundations was used as assessment tool in the present study. The validity of the instrument is calculated by Cronbach's alpha and its value is 0. 85. The indicators introduced by Klein (2011) have been used to confirm its validity. The present data was analyzed by regression and paired t-test in SPSS 22 package.

The findings indicate that professional accountability, organizational accountability, sovereignty (political) accountability and police legal accountability with a restorative justice approach with 0.39, 0.46, 0.32 and 0.44, respectively, as well as restorative justice training for employees has  equal to 0.76 impact on people's satisfaction. The results of the research show that while  focusing on  and  developing accountability indicators including organizational, legal, professional and sovereignty accountability; and training manner of  implementation of restorative justice methods such as mediation, holding local meetings and compromise circles via getting  help from local community, the police could enhance public's satisfaction.

Many representatives entered the Islamic Consultative Assembly and finally left after 4 or 8 years, but there is no record of citing the quantity and quality of the presence of representatives. There is no monitoring process on their performance and the commitment to accountability is not institutionalized. However, they represent a significant population of people. In this article, we seek to examine the mechanism and challenges of parliamentary accountability in the legal system of the Islamic Republic of Iran.

This applied research was conducted by qualitative research method and content analysis of interviews with managerial and supervisory experts of organizations. Parliamentary accountability and finally 4 dimensions of rules of conduct, transparency of performance, organizational oversight, legal oversight were identified as challenges to parliamentary accountability.

Parliamentary accountability as a demand from its representative in the matter of legislation is an important issue that studies show has not been seriously formed in Iran, but today the political awareness and demands of the people increase this need at the community level. Is pre-formed. The community wants its elected representative to have a benchmark for evaluation and accountability

Conflict is one of the crimes that can disrupt social security in society. There are many reasons for conflict, and one of the reasons is due to property disputes. The aim of this study is investigating the role of police management in preventing conflicts caused by Property disputes in Koohrang Township. The present research is applied descriptive-correlational in terms of research method and field research (survey) in terms of data collection method. In order to collect information we used a self-made questionnaire in three components of police accountability, police discipline and the interaction of police with other organizations, which was compiled in 22 items. Data was analyzed using SPSS software and descriptive survey statics were benefit to analyze the data. The results indicated that there is a significant relationship between police management in the three components of police accountability, police interaction and police discipline in preventing conflicts caused by Property disputes. The findings of regression analysis show that disciplinary and component management are able to predict 27% of conflicts caused by Property disputes. It had been showed that strengthening police management and it's components, including the components of police accountability, police interaction and police discipline in the township could be effective in preventing such conflicts.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of organizational democracy indicators on women's psychological capital in the organization. The statistical population in this study is female employees in the Humanities and Cultural Studies Research Institute. The present study is descriptive-objective in terms of practical purpose and in terms of type of method. Standard questionnaires have been used to collect the data required in this study. Analysis and testing of research hypotheses have been done in two sections: descriptive and inferential statistics. In the inferential statistics section, through the laser software, using the model of structural equations and path analysis coefficients, the effect of organizational democracy indicators on women's psychological capital has been studied. Based on the results of the structural equation model, the indicators of critical participation, justice and accountability have had a positive and significant impact on women's psychological capital in the Humanities Research Institute and Cultural Studies. Also, there was no significant relationship between transparency and equality indicators with women's psychological capital.

This study aimed to determine the relationship of parents’ religious orientation and responsibility to high school students’ resiliency. The study was descriptive correlational. The population consisted of all male students in third grade and pre-university secondary schools in the academic year 95-96 enrolled in Khoramdeh city schools from among whom 258 students were selected random cluster method. Alport’s religious orientation question -naire, Nemati accountability and Connor and Davidson Scale questionnair -es were used as tools for research data gathering about each of the students; after collecting data, 247 students’ and their parents’ questionnaires were correlated using Pearson correlation and regression analysis. Findings showed that the religious orientation and resilience (P<0/01) as well as accountability and resiliency (P<0/01) had significant positive relationship. The findings showed that both variables religious orientation and respon -sibility cannot predict the students’ resilience.

This research aims to investigate social and cultural factors affecting women's participation in implementing cultural policies in Isfahan. Research hypotheses have been developed with emphasis on the theoretical support of the research and the research method is a quantitative survey type. The statistical population of the research is women of Isfahan, which according to Cochran formula 384 were selected as sample size. The findings of the two-variable regression analysis in this study showed that women's access to modern technologies, women's awareness of citizenship rights, women's knowledge and education level, and the extent of women's responsibility for their participation in implementing cultural policies has a direct and significant effect However, women's political alienation has a reciprocal and significant impact on their participation in implementing cultural policies.