جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « القاعده » در نشریات گروه « علوم قرآن و حدیث »

Al-Qaeda in the international arena and Boko Haram in the borders of Nigeria, are engaging in terrorist activities with an almost similar approach. The terrorist actions of these two groups are so widespread and violent that they have been noticed in almost all countries, even in non-Muslim countries. One of the most important and characteristic features of Al-Qaeda and Boko Haram is their emphasis on religion and political approach. There are many commonalities in the goals, foundations, method and religious approach of these two organizations. Some of these commonalities are the superiority of one's own point of view, a new reading of Islamic concepts, emphasis on Jihad and inviting others, forming a political government, killing one's opponents, and establishing an independent government. The two mentioned sects call only themselves and their followers as Muslims, and with false promises and using the tools of religion, politics and money, they bring many people into their group. Al-Qaeda has a more up-to-date and wider organization; while Boko Haram has a weaker and smaller organization. This essay has made a comparison between the approach of these two organizations with descriptive-analytical method to clarify the differences and similarities between them.

All Islamists recognize the principle of monotheism; but in comparing the relationship between democracy and the Islamic teachings, important conflicts and challenges have arisen between Islamists. Some Islamists maintain that democracy in all its forms is a violation of monotheism, while others have rejected Western democracy but have spoken of the possibility of combining the democracy as a method with monotheism. The analysis of this conflict leads us to the conclusion that the problem lies in the ambiguity in the concept of democracy. The Wahhabis, al-Qaeda, and ISIS groups believe that the elements such as secularism, humanism, and unconditional acceptance of the will of majority, are inherent parts of democracy. So, that is impossible to separate them from democracy. Therefore, the democracy is determined in western version and we cannot have Islamic democracy. But, On the other hand, some Islamists have said: "People's participation and role-playing in government is the essence of democracy, and none of the three elements mentioned above are essential parts of democracy. Thus, Western democracy is merely an example of democracy. As a result, ambiguity in the concept of democracy has become the source of Islamists' verbal and unrealistic differences.

The purpose of the present study is to explore transformations in the course of Salafism. The method of study is descriptive analysis and it deals with how this ideology grew within the contemporary era gradually turning into an operational force making use of violence as its distinctive feature in the Islamic world. Furthermore, relying on the approach of historical process mining and making a distinction between two concepts of Salafia and Salafism, it was attempted to explain the theological framework of Salafia in the early history of Islam from the view of Sunnis versus intellectual background differences. In the light of the above distinction, old Salafism was distinguished from new Salafism and by surveying the intellectual impacts of old Salafism on new Salafism, the practical reflections of this movement were studied within the past 3 decades. The results showed that the transformation of this process is essential by spreading the genuine instructions of Islam having a conspicuous effect in forcing out the violent ideology and practices of Salafis in today’s chaotic world. As we move from the early history of Islam towards the contemporary era, the behavior of those who claim Salafism has distanced from the instructions of the pious predecessors.

Legitimacy of caliph is one of the controversial issues between al-Qaeda and ISIS. Considering the importance and influence of these two groups over other radical and jihadist movements, this study seeks to examine the foundations of legitimacy of the caliph according to al-Qaeda and ISIS or ISIL. It is inferred from the arguments and reasons presented by both groups that they have four principles with the regards to legitimacy of the caliph. First, the caliph should be eligible for caliphate. Second, the caliph takes the caliphate through legal ways. Third, the caliph should command what has been revealed by God. Fourth, the caliph should be opposed to any form of Taghut (tyranny and sin).  These four principles are acceptable to both al-Qaeda and ISIS. However, the discrepancy between al-Qaeda and ISIS is in the application of the first and second principles to the ISIS's caliph. As for the third and fourth principle, these two groups' explanation contradicts the well-known explanation given by Sunnis and Salafists.  They make use of these two principles to reject and excommunicate the rulers of Muslim countries. The present article has reached this conclusion using a descriptive analytical method.

Several works have been written about Saudi Arabia’s role in the recruitment of Jihadi forces to ‎send to other countries. This is while studies are rarely written about the situation of the ‎Islamists inside Saudi Arabia. In this paper the biography of 240 people from Saudi Arabia is ‎examined and these questions are answered: who was joining the al-Qaeda organization inside ‎the peninsula? And to what extent are they different from other jihadist countries? In the answer, ‎a general outline of the historical roots and bases of terrorist movements in Saudi Arabia in 2003 ‎was presented. In the second step, statistics on the distribution of militants will be presented ‎based on criteria such as socio-economic backgrounds and their geographical roots and tribes.‎

To study the ideology and the activities of Alqaedah groups in Islamic countries is one of the regional necessities. In his paper (AQAP’s Ideological Battles at Home and Abroad), Robin Simcaks claims that the Saudi Alqaedah is very powerful. He reviews their operations, and refers to influence of this group in Yemen, accompanied by other counterparts like, Muslim Brotherhood and Huthies. He also mentions the separation between Aiman Al Zawaheri and Abubakr Baqdadi. Based on some evidences he talks about closeness of Saudi Alqaedah and ISIS, but at the end he rebuttals the theory that the two groups have joint each other. And then by referring to influence of Saudi Alqaedah in Yemen and impact of ISIS on it, he reviews the Huthy movement in Yemen. He maintains that the Huty movement is the natural outcome of poverty and political problems in Yemen.

Located in the South of Arabian Peninsula, Yemen has always drawn Muslims attention to itself since the early days of Islam i.e. early years following the delegation of prophecy. Muslims of this region are known for bravery and revolting throughout the history. They have played an important role early history of Islam. Al-Qaeda as one of the main contemporary Salafi-jihadist groups has a base in this area. Having merged into Al-Qaeda in Saudi Arabia, this group has changed its name into Al-Qaeda of Peninsula and extended its domination in the region. The present writing tries to review their activities and approaches in the peninsula. We are going to review issues such as: the process of its formation, their line of thought, important figures and leaders and their operations in the peninsula. A deep research in the books and different websites regarding the issue reveals that the Al-Qaeda of Peninsula is one of the main Salafi- Jihadist groups in the Middle East which has been able to gain recognition through a detailed planning. By publishing the magazine of Almalahem (Epics) both in Arabic and English, they have exported their ideology and activities beyond borders especially to Europe and U.S. By a close look at the Al-Qaeda’s activities in the peninsula, we realize that this organization tries to represent his ideology, which is to oppose America and other similar governments, by referring to Unbelievers as a distant enemy next to the Muslim governments as close enemies.

The term Ignorance is one of the key basic concepts used in the Salafi Jihadism. The peak of the usage of this term refers to the area after the Seyed Qutb’s time. A time that had outcomes such as: the expansion of takfiri groups, religious wars and Islamophobia in West, all of which discredited Islam in the eyes of universal community and showed Islam as a religion of violence. Some of the main groups are, The Jama’at al-Muslimeen, The Jama’at al-Jihad , Al Qaeda, and ISIL. All of them have used the concept of ignorance to achieve their own goals and make certain rules such as takfir out of this concept. this concept of ignorance used by these Salafi Jihadist groups and the special way of making certain rules based on it have caused irreparable damages such as massacre of innocent Muslims, destruction and underdevelopment of Islamic communities, civil wars, Islamophobia, to Islamic world. Long years of repairing may only fix small part of these damages.

Seyyed Qotb is one of the great theorists in Ikhwan al- Muslimin (The Muslim Brotherhood) group. He develops his ideas and thought among youth and young adults through writing some books such as: “Fi Zelal al- Quran” and “Maalem fi al-Tarigh”. He states some issues such as social justice in Islam, current ignorance of people, division of the world to two parts: Islamic part (house) and disbelief part (house), and named all governments Devil, finally he introduced Jihad (holy war) or Hijrat (holy emigration) as a solution for them. Expressing such subjects had a noticeable impact on Arab Youth, so that some jihadi groups such as al-Qaede were formed after his execution. They follow seyyed Qotb in method and thought, but in jurisprudence and beliefs follow Wahhabism Salafism scholars such as Ibn Taymiyyah. Likewise, Abdollah Azzam states that I was the student of four teachers; Seyyed Qotb in thought, Navavi in jurisprudence, Ibn Taymiyyah in belief and Ibn Qhayyem in spiritual issues. Therefore, Al- Qaedeh is the mix group which got its strategic concepts from Seyyed Qotb and got their beliefs from Wahhabism. Today we observe that Wahhabism invite Arab youth to war and jihad through abusing Seyyed Qotb ideas, though their goals are not compatible with Seyyed Qotb targets.