جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « عاشورا » در نشریات گروه « ادیان و عرفان »

Ashura incident is one of the most important events in the Islamic world, especially in the Shiite sphere, which has left many effects. No event has such a widespread realm in the mental geography of Muslims, especially the Shiites. Despite its broad realm, Ashura incident has been reduced to 10th day of Muharram and less attention has been paid to its backgrounds, causes for origination and consequences. Therefore, paying attention to the various aspects of Ashura incident is important. Although many thinkers have studied and analyzed Ashura, the scientific studies deal with the pathology of the event with an ‘external critique’ approach, less analyzing it with an ‘internal critique’ approach from Imam Hussein’s viewpoint. Therefore, here, the writer – inspired by the analytical model of ‘internal critique’ of Frankfort school – has investigated the desired situation, the existing situation, the reasons for degradation, and the ways for promotion from Imam Hussein’s viewpoint, and has explored the key words based on ‘collocation analysis’ to compare the four political, economic, social and cultural spheres. The results of the study show that Imam Hussein believes in ‘centrality’ of political system. With the change of rule-governed prophetic government into Umayyad despotic government, due to laxity of the religious elites, there came about changes in other spheres as well. The concept of “kind father” as opposed to “spiteful tyrant”, “public treasury” opposed to “rulers’ privileges”, “people’s equality” opposed to “people’s slavery”, and “Book-centrality” opposed to “rulers’ desires” show the transformation of the prophetic government into Umayyad government in the four political, economic, social and cultural sub-systems. The way to growth and guidance was granting blood by the elites such as Imam Hussein.

In Iran, love for Imam Hossein is tied to certain emotional dimensions. The most important goal of the article is to study the interpretation of the interpretation of the meaning understanding of the female pilgrims of Karbala about Imam Husayn (a.s.) and the uprising of Ashura. This research was conducted in Shahid Beheshti Airport of Isfahan, Karbala and Najaf to study the interpretation of the pilgrims of Imam Hussein (AS) with the phenomenological qualitative method in 1401 with the participation of 25 female pilgrims with the technique of focused group discussion and exploratory and in-depth interviews. The sampling method was purposive. In the process of data analysis, using the thematic analysis method, 8 sub-themes, three themes and the main theme of the emotional discourse, inability to understand the agency and cultural norms of understanding Imam Hussein (AS) was formed. Women's understanding of the meaning of Imam Hussain (AS) is traditional and emotional. By analyzing the data, the hypothesis of "women's traditional permanence in the emotional discourse of Imam Hussein (a.s.) and the Ashura uprising" was formed and became dominant as a discourse.

Spirituality as a natural human need has always been one of the issues of human interest and in fact as an esoteric and spiritual aspect of religion, is part of the function of the law that gives meaning to human life. But if this spirituality strays from its original source and document, it will be difficult to find a strong connection between it and religion. The event of Ashura is a crystallization of a strategic model for reviving the spiritual values ​​of Islam, but with the spread of the culture of distortion and confrontation with rationality in many opponents after the eighth century AH, especially in the Qajar period; Murder has become one of the critical factors in the field of contemporary Shiite spirituality.The purpose of this study is to conceptualize the distortions of Ashura as one of the most important causes of the crisis of Shiite spirituality in the contemporary era. In the present study, a descriptive-analytical method based on library research has been answered to answer the question of what effect the contemporary opponent, especially the murder of Tazkereh al-Shuhada written by Mullah Habibullah Kashani as one of the contemporary murderers, has on the crisis of Shiite spirituality. In the contemporary world? The research findings show that quasi-spiritual ideas, such as distortions, incorrect analyzes and the prevalence of untrue and undocumented material in the events related to Ashura, have led to the weakness and decline of Shiite spirituality in the contemporary world.

Mystical literature is part of the literary heritage created by mystic poets under the influence of Sufism.Mystical themes have been deeply connected with the literature of stability since ancient times, and after the holy defense, its connection has become deeper.Mystical themes not only have a special place in the poems of the prominent mystical poet of the past, but also in the poetry of contemporary poets of stability, especially Azizi and Qazveh.Sustainable literature that is tied to the historical event of Ashura And warriors, by setting an example of Imam Hussein (AS) in protecting the honor and zeal of the homeland and resisting oppression; He chose martyrdom, which is a red and mystical death and the attainment of excellence and perfectionAnd Qazveh and Azizi in the era of holy defense with the benefit of mystical themes; The literature of sustainability is adorned with mystical themesAnd with poems in order not to care about carnal and worldly belongings, they decorated themes such as love, unity of existence, annihilation and survival, manifestation, astonishment and mystical mysteries such as butler, may, makdeh, ruin, contemporary literature.In this research, which has been done by descriptive-analytical method, while presenting the evidence of the example of the poets in question, the analysis of mystical concepts based on their poems is mentioned.And then in conclusion, two poets have benefited from mystical concepts, especially the voluntary death of martyrs.

Considering the importance of the manifestations of religious art in the great religious traditions of the world and their role in strengthening the religious beliefs of the faithful, the paper examines the subject from different aspects including the manner of relationship of religions manifestations with Divine theology and Divine presence, the relationship of these religious works with religious acts and rituals, aesthetic aspects and many issues. Using an analytical-theoretical approach, the paper conducts a brief investigation into the theoretical principles on the religious art in the Imamite tradition and Orthodox Christians to study the position of figurative narrations, religious symbols and icons and their role in the preaching of beliefs to the followers of the two ancient and wealthy traditions. Of course, owing to the wide range of religious artworks, emphasis is put in Imamites on presenting a vivid picture of the Event to Ashura and in Orthodox Christians of Crucifix. In the historical investigation of each of these instances, the general view of each religious tradition has been expounded.

The Islamic revolution of Iran had a great, deep and different impact on western theoreticians, and created ample challenges for western world in an age when the presence of religion in the society was considered null. This caused a lot of theoreticians to pay special attention to Islamic revolution. Because of the religious nature of Islamic revolution as well as the Shiite beliefs of most Iranians, some of the theoreticians have studied this phenomenon from the religious viewpoint. After a long time of negligence, the orientalists noticed the role and importance of Shiism and Shiite beliefs and their efficacy in political and social events in Iran, and acknowledged the great potential of Shiism and Shiite beliefs. Western thinkers regard the role of religion a great one in the revolution of Iran, because it has been able to affect even the non-religious or quasi-religious groups. The Shiite school, with its deep teachings and beliefs such as Mahdawiyyat, the clergies, the religious scholars and leadership, Ashura, martyrdom and unity, has been able to establish the greatest revolution of the century, a revolution that is difficult to be fully appreciated by many thinkers.

With the establishment of Twlever Shiism under Safawids, there emerged a dual procedure as for the power in religious system. As soon as legitimizing the government went under the scholars, and with the diffusion of rites and rituals, criticism and negation of power came under the main symbols of Shiite rites in Āshūrā and Muharram.The writers of the present article claim, based on the approach of religious functionalism, that it seems that in a historical change, with diffusion of rites and rituals, Shiism has shifted from legitimizing the government into negating it. A great part of this change has been affected by the symbolic diffusion of negating political power in religious rites and rituals.Iranian kings in Safawid and Qajar periods would help to diffuse Shiite rites to enhance their own power. However, with the people’s attention to these rites, criticism and negation of the king’s absolute power turned into the most important symbol of Shiite rites.

How horrible tragedy of Karbala is that all the scenes of angry feelings، and sacrifice and love. About the great event of Ashura، has spoken in many different ways، but many of the fundamental mysteries of this uprising and martyrdom، the need to pause and carefully. One of the varied and important aspects of this incident، then it is mystical، that whenever such a sharp and subtle mystic adventure in perspective is And long-mystical concepts are consistent with your language and poetic imagery allegory and take advantage of the power supply، it is evident from new angles. This paper is an effort to achieve the elite Iranian mystical literature of the ideas of two warriors in Sufism Ashoura Mohammad Balkhi Rumi and aman Samani. The author has tried first with the famous works of two poets And bounce with the help of the description and analytical interpretations and books The most prominent aspect of their thoughts to the mysticism Ashoura And then citing verses from the works of these two poets، Ashoura mysticism in the poetry review. And finally with the common points and differences in comparison to the ideas of these two great poets.

In this paper, the issue of a plane tree in the village of Zar-Abad, located in the Alamoot of Qazveen (Iran), known as "the bleeding plane" is examined, from an anthropological perspective. The author regards the issue as a "totally social phenomenon", and tries to look at it from different angles, exploiting various techniques. It is found that the plane's secretion is not blood, but is a type of resin that, unlike others, dries out. No link was also established between the secretion and the day of 'Āshoora, as it can be noticed in other times during the year. There is, however, no deception, because what people conceive is the result of their attitude towards the phenomenon, and what they feel counts more than the reality per se.Keywords: anthropology, the bleeding plane tree, phenomenology, 'Āshoora.British Colonialism and the Indian Shiite State of Awad (1722-1856 AD)Dr Mohammad Hossein Manzoor al-Ajdād and Mansoor TrafdāriThe shiite state of Awad was established by Mir Mohammad Amin, an Iranian known as Sa'ādat Khān, in the Awad region of India, in 1722. His successors regarded themselves as the agents of the Mughal Empire based in Delhi, and were called nawabs. In 1819, the British encouraged them to use the title of shah, indicating their independence. In the famous Buxar battle, nawab Shoja' ud-Dowla, the Awad ruler, trying to help Mir Qāsim, the former ruler of Bengal, fought the British East India Company, which spearheaded British colonialism. His defeat led to the Benares treaty, in 1765, which provided the British with many concessions. They were allowed to have a representative at the Awad court, who had a significant role in encouraging Awad's high ranking officials to work for the British. In the early nineteenth century, the Awad state, which was very important for the Shia in India, became a British protectorate. Eventually, in 1857, Awad was annexed by the British, and became part of British India.

In this article, the authors provide an analytical assessment of the 'Ashura event, without focusing on the details. For this purpose, four elements of devotion to God, revolution, defense, and reform are considered, while the attention has been paid to the social and cultural background of Imam's uprising and the rationality behind it. A rationalistic approach to the 'Ashura uprising has been followed in this paper, emphasizing doctrinal and kalami viewpoints.

Poetry and literature have been valued very highly among the Shia. It may be said that the Shiite Imam's skill in poetry and their encouraging of true-hearted poets persuaded them to compose for the sake of God, rather than for their own material wishes. On the other hand, the Shiite revolutionary movements of the Umayyad and Abbasid periods provided a rich context for the development of Shiite poetry and literature. This has been so particularly after the event of Ashura and the martyrdom of Imam Hossein (PBUH) and his companions. Another important event that has inspired Shiite poetry and prose during centuries is the event of Ghadeer, when Prophet Mohammad appointed Imam Ali as his successor. Some Shiite elegist and their laments are examined in this paper.

Being an international language used in reliable scholarly reference books, English enjoys a unique status among the world languages. The present article is an attempt to study “ashura” in a number of English reference books. The study shows that ashura is looked at more from a Sunnite perspective introducing it as a day of “recommended fast” rather that a Shiite one. Only few of these sources have handled the matter from a Shiite point of view.

At first this article answers to the question why the oldest Persian elegy in the 4th century A.H. allocated to Imam Husayn (peace be upon him), and spoke of the factors that caused any works from the time of the Master of the Martyrs (peace be upon him) not to be available for us; then it examines the Shia difficulties and the emergence of proper fields and political developments of the Shiites in this century. It results that the oldest Persian elegy for the martyrdom of Husayn b. 'Ali (p.b.u.h) was that of Kasai Marwazi (4th century A.H).At the second part, it mentions the poems of the poets from the beginning until now so that the first Husayni poets were Kasai Marwazi (4th century A.H), Naser Khusraw, Kawami, Anwari, Zahir, as well as more than 72 poets to the end of 13th century that composed some poems at the threnody of Abi Abd il-llah (p.b.u.h.) and the effects of 'Ashura culture on their poems are well apparent.Growth, richness and florescence of Persian literature, at least in threnody part, are in debt of 'Ashura culture and this is sensible and apparent in the poems.