جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "همگرایی" در نشریات گروه "ادیان و عرفان"

The Hajj not only provides a way to get closer to God, but also offers social, educational, economic and political benefits to pilgrims. Hajj cultural diplomacy has the potential to be effective in creating world and regional peace and security. History has shown that whenever cultural contexts are strengthened, the contexts of resentment and enmity between people diminish, and war and bloodshed succeed, and peace is restored. Unifying diplomacy that brings peace and security is accompanied by rationality and reason, and it is the Hajj ritual that provides the ground for unity and solidarity and avoids strife and division. Therefore, Hajj is a political and social worship that includes a set of divine laws and commands to achieve happiness in this world and the hereafter; And the rituals included in this divine religion are a unifying and peace-creating mixture that if we pay attention to the true philosophy of Hajj rituals and perform its deeds correctly, Muslims can achieve happiness in this world and the hereafter and a single Islamic nation but also above that society. Form an Islamic world. In this research, descriptive-analytical method has been used. The results of the research show that Hajj rituals are an exercise for establishing logical communication and dialogue between Islamic religions; and the correct use of this great Islamic position can bring the Islamic religions closer.

One of the problems of the Islamic Ummah is division and differences, which has caused weakness and backwardness and other problems of the Islamic world. This is despite the fact that Islamic teachings emphasize the unity of Muslims and one of the ways to solve the problems of the Islamic Ummah is convergence and avoiding differences. Hajj as a religious duty has many capacities to realize the convergence and cohesion of the Islamic Ummah. This article seeks to answer the question, what is the role and capacity of Hajj in order to realize the convergence of the Islamic Ummah? The hypothesis of this article is that Hajj, due to its many capacities, including political and social aspects, unificationism, raising awareness and informing about the problems of the Islamic world, can play a decisive role and influence in the issue of the integration of the Islamic Ummah, which the rulers and The elites of the Islamic world should use these capacities. In this article, the descriptive and analytical method was used to explain the discussion, and the topics presented were centered on the thoughts of Imam Khomeini and the Supreme Leader.

Hajj is one of the most important religious rituals, which by gathering representatives from all over the Islamic world in the form of performing the same rituals at the same time and place, strengthens the religious and cultural identity of Muslims in the context of the Islamic Ummah.The main issue of this article is to examine "the mechanism and process of Hajj in strengthening the convergence of the Islamic world". Based on the theoretical framework adopted in this article, convergence can be examined at 4 levels: identity, purpose, coherence and adaptation. Convergence processes are going on in each of these levels. At the level of identity and purpose, political convergence is underway with the index of strengthening civilizational identity, focusing on the common enemy and losing color of nationalities. At the level of cohesion, communication and moral convergence with the indicators of strengthening religious identity and strengthening social capital is established. At the compliance level, there is jurisprudential and economic convergence.Convergence in Hajj at all these levels and processes can be analyzed and investigated in the words and thoughts of Imam Khomeini and the Supreme Leader regarding Hajj.​

Hajj is one of the religious obligations of Muslims, which has various consequences. The purpose of this article is to analyze the consequences of diplomacy and the research question of what are the consequences of Hajj diplomacy and how it affects the convergence of the Islamic world. To answer the question, we put this hypothesis to the test that Hajj diplomacy has political, social, economic, cultural and religious consequences, which are formed by the exploitation and strengthening of it by Islamic governments. The data collection method in this documentary and electronic research is the qualitative analysis method, comparative research strategy and inspired by the theoretical framework of cultural diplomacy as well as the SOAR applied model. The findings of the research indicate that with the establishment of active diplomacy based on Hajj, from a social point of view, Muslims know each other more and lead to the cohesion and unity of Muslims towards each other. It is reduced to the minimum possible to the Islamic countries, culturally and religiously, it causes convergence between religions and the expansion of scientific interactions and lays the groundwork for the emergence of the new Islamic civilization, economically, it causes an increase in income and the expansion of economic and commercial exchanges. With the continuation of this type of diplomacy, the heads of Islamic countries can reach a constructive agreement and solve their basic issues.

Humanities are the sciences of concepts. Ambiguous and minor concepts are in themselves veils of truth more than being our assistants in accessing the truth. The concept of ‘approximity of Islamic denominations’ can be considered as one of the ambiguous and inefficient concepts for which no operational, comprehensive and agreed upon definition exists. Thus, some basic questions can be posed in this regard: “What is the relationship between the concept of ‘approximity of Islamic denominations’ and the concepts such as ‘convergence’, ‘unity’, ‘solidarity’, and ‘Islamic unity’?” “What conceptual and structural critiques can be posted on the existing perceptions of the idea of ‘approximity’?” And finally, “What is ‘approximity’ and what is it not?” In answering these questions, this article is going to offer, through a descriptive-analytical method, a new and efficient definition capable of fulfilling the theoretical and practical needs in the sphere of the convergence of Islamic societies. In this redefinition, which rejects the separation between thought and practice, ‘approximity’ is defined in two general and specific senses. In its general sense, ‘approximation’ is making ‘oneself’ close to ‘someone else’ through one of the ways of ta‘āruf, ta‘āluf, ta‘āyush and ta‘āwun. In its specific sense in the literature of Islamic convergence, ‘approximity’ means intentional effort of any Muslim for ‘growth’ and turning the world into a more divine world through approaching his ‘other Muslim’.

The reason for convergence, and the way divergence took place in Islam are the issues that have as long a background as the history of the religion, especially because, as Koran says, all human beings first formed one nation who came to diverge as a result of their differences. Thus, the prophets were God-appointed to eliminate the causes of division and establish unity among humankind again. Disconnection or connection in each and every society depends on the latter’s thoughts and beliefs. To establish an Islamic and united society first we should seek to reform the thoughts and beliefs of Muslims so as to be able to root out division of beliefs. The present article first explains and analyzes the primary causes of divergence among Muslims during the event of Saqīfah, the rule of the Ūmavīds and regression to the aristocracy of the Age of Ignorance (jāhīlīyyah). Next it examines the root causes of the decline of the Islamic societies with its main analytic focus on: abandonment of Islamic jurisprudence and ījtīhād; syncretism and metamorphosis of religious concepts; divisive theosophical disputes; the infiltration of foreigners’ thoughts.

Based on Quranic verses and Islamic traditions, as well as human experience throughout history, unity and convergence are two significant and effective factors to organize and to have the community achieve its purpose and objective. Along with them, progress, prosperity, dignity, authority and creativity will finally lead to sovereignty on the earth. On the contrary, lack of these two elements in the society will cause superiority complex, ethnic and sectarian prejudice, dispersion and blessing deprivation for them, and ultimately it will lead to humiliation and colonialism. Therefore, unity and solidarity in directing society towards progress and excellence have an important and crucial place. The greater the unity among the people, the faster the movement of people towards the ideal society. The alliance is justifiable in various areas and domains, because it can sometimes be built upon beliefs and occasionally it can be based on nationality and race and finally sometimes this role can be played by homeland and geography which directs people towards unity and sympathy. Therefore, the alliance has various foundations which can be justified by ideological, social, racial and geographic approach. One of those foundations is the belief in Mahdaviyat and its basic and common components, such as reappearance of Imam Mahdi, waiting for him and their certainty, the names and characteristics of Imam Mahdi, his relatives, global governance, spread of justice as well as other factors which have been accepted by all Islamic groups and it is an important issue to form an alliance between Muslims and Islamic communities. Therefore, the current study has dealt with the role of these factors for the convergence of believers in this genuine Islamic belief, through expressing and focusing on some unifying elements and it is going to answer this fundamental question "what is the role of Mahdaviyat in the convergence of Islamic world?"

By creating deprivation in the life of their citizens, the authoritative governments who are dependent on the trans-regional powers in Middle East prepare the ground for ideological and political divergence due to democratic demands among them. The challenge between the political discourse of Shiism and the radical Sunnism may be analyzed from this angle. This divergence is developed by information services in some countries, aiming at weakening the political authority of Islamic world. Islamic movements, with a democratic approach for getting out of this social crisis, are trying to gain their real status in various areas of the Middle East. The present study seeks to answer the question of what the effect of the Shiite political discourse and universalism with a democratic approach on reproduction of modern Salafism is. (Question) The speculation of this article is that the evolutionary trend in theoretical framework and the practical structure of the Shiite political discourse and its link with the universal discourse stimulate the rivalry of the Sunnite radical discourse, and the anti-democratic radical Sunnism has heighten the crisis in Islamic world, intensifying violence in the region and throughout the world. (Hypothesis) Achieving democratic convergence as a solution for the aforementioned discourse can be useful for getting out of the crisis. (Goal) The data of the main sources obtained through historical studies using the interdisciplinary method made it possible to reconcile the discourses. (Method) promoting peace and universal coexistence and developing Islamic democratic convergence in theoretical and practical domains in line with fulfilling the interests of the trends involved are among the achievements of this article (findings).

The city of Baghdad, under the Buwayhids (the fourth and fifth centuries A.H.), witnessed the exchange of views between the Twelver Shia and various other Muslim schools of thought, including the Asharite school. Such exchanges resulted in either similarity or differences of viewpoints. In this paper, it is explored how the issues of collaborating with an illegitimate ruler, waging a war against a Muslim ruler, war among Muslims and the holy war (or jihad) were discussed among such various schools. The gradual domination of Asharites over other schools led to the demise of rationalism, philosophy and ijtihad within the Muslim community, bolstering the institution of Caliphate, and weakening the Hanbalite school of thought. The Twelver Shia and Asharites had opposing views on the issues of legitimate political and religious leadership, the position of rationality in understanding religion, and the legitimacy of ijtihad. Theoretical differences between the Shia and Asharites resulted in the weakening of the Bwayhids and the Hanbalites, as well as the strengthening of the Caliphs and their support for the Asharites.