جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « consumer rights » در نشریات گروه « فقه و حقوق »

A consumer who has purchased a defective car will have rights and privileges after the car is recalled. The car manufacturer is obliged to repair the car, replace the car or refund its price during the transaction. But does the consumer have the right to choose between these three categories of rights? If there is a need to change the car from the manufacturer, will the replacement car be a new car? By researching and pondering the laws of the United States, Australia, and Iran, it is concluded that the consumer does not have the right to choose between the rights resulting from the car recall and cannot choose one of the performance guarantees at will, and in the laws of the United States and Australia, in the case of a car exchange, a new car with zero kilometers will not be delivered to the consumer, or if a new car with zero kilometers is delivered, the difference in the mileage of the defective car must be returned to the manufacturer. Of course, Iranian law is silent on this matter and we do not have an explicit or legal text in this regard that would clarify these issues.

From reviewing the articles, it is evident that supporting consumer rights in marketing is a key issue that plays a significant role in the structure and functioning of the market. Supportive measures, including consumer protection laws, transparent and honest marketing communications, and the use of innovative technologies, can help create a fair and balanced market. These articles demonstrate the importance of further investigation and research in this area and the need for additional actions to support consumer rights in marketing. Consumer rights in marketing are necessary to preserve consumers and ensure ethical and fair market practices. Various aspects of consumer rights in marketing can be addressed, including ethical marketing practices, protection of personal information, resolution of disputes between consumers and companies, consumer protection laws, and corporate liability for consumer harm. A political marketing approach based on the threefold Islamic political model is an appropriate methodology for designing and implementing political marketing. This research was conducted to examine the methodology of political marketing based on the threefold Islamic political model. The research findings indicate that the threefold analysis approach with a focus on the fundamental concept of "needs" is a suitable model for systematic political marketing.

Consumer rights is one of the topics that has been raised after the industrial revolution and the increase of human ability in the production of goods and services, as well as attention to human rights, and with the invention of new technologies, it needs a serious change. One of these technologies is the Internet of Things, which strongly linked to consumer rights due to the lack of direct human control over it and its influence on various aspects of human life. Accordingly, the main question of this research is about the nature, the content and examples of consumer rights in the field of IoT.To collect data, the analysis based on library research. This research involves a collection of some textbooks, Journals, and articles and accompanied by describing the views and analyzing them.The purpose of this study is to achieve an appropriate definition of the Internet of Things and consumer rights and then determine the nature, the examples and content of consumer rights in the realm of Internet of Things.In conclusion, the Internet of Things is an Internet-based service that provides a connection between humans and objects or even animals in the context of the Internet, the scope of which can cover all aspects of human life. It is in this context that the various uses of this technology realized and, as a result, the issue of consumer rights finds meaning in it.

One of the fundamental rights of consumers or services in every legal system worldwide is to ensure the safety considerations. In different systems, both civil and criminal protection issues have been considered for consumer rights. The aspect of criminal protection of consumer is against the producers or suppliers who lack good faith and the civil protection has been considered for the injured against the damage caused.This support is due to the  electronic transactions. The purpose of present study is to explain product safety right in electronic commerce law of Iran.
Method and Materials: The research is descriptive _analytical and the library method has been used.
Ethical Considerations:Right on product safety has been accepted in Iranian Law  in terms of civil protection .But , despite the civil support ,Iran 's law is facing a gap in this regard.
The right to product safety is accepted in Iranian law in terms of civil protection; But despite the civil support, Iran's law is facing a gap in this regard.
Considering that article 51 has been compiled in the e-commerce law regarding product safety, general rules should still be referred to in order to enforce consumer rights.

Warranty in the economic system has the advantage that manufacturers increase the quality of the supplied product in order to reduce the costs caused by the responsibility for product defects, which will benefit the rights of buyers and consumers. The following article tries to explain and analyze the nature, types, conditions and legal effects of the guarantee condition from the perspective of jurisprudence and law by using the analytical and descriptive method based on library data. The results of the research indicate that the guarantee is contractual, additional, contractual, not possessive, separate, not suspended, secondary, not main, continuous, not the one that is usually compensated, and as a modern legal institution, it has a more supportive role for Provides support to consumers. It is necessary to monitor the contracts of products with warranty by the executive and legislative branch, because on the one hand, the guarantees, which are often presented in a deceptive manner and appear to bring more benefits to buyers, may be replaced by additional and mandatory terms of the contract instead of general rules. The responsibility is to harm the legal rights of the buyers and on the other hand, the manufacturer, in order to attract more customers, provides guarantees that he does not intend to fulfill the obligations arising from them.

In Iranian law, Iranian Electronic Commerce Act and Consumer Rights Act, particularly, consider obligation to provide pre-contractual information to consumer. The proposal on a Common European Sales Law also obliges sellers and suppliers to provide information to the consumer, and defines cases of this duty in detail. Although there are significant similarities between the above-mentioned laws in the cases of information, But Iranian Electronic Commerce Act counts fewer cases and for example doesn't mention providing information about seller’s code of conduct or complaints handling policy.  there is a big difference between the two systems in the remedies, in a way that Common European Sales Law provides better consumer protection, because different remedies according to obligations is determined, like as consumer is not liable to pay additional charges when seller fails to comply with information duties. This article, which is based on descriptive-analysing research method, reviewing the relevant laws, seeks to provide ideas for law amendment and stronger protection of consumer rights in Iran in the area of duty to provide pre-contractual information.

The term “consumer and his rights” in its modern meaning has not been used in Imamiyyah jurisprudence and no specific and independent subject has been allocated to it. However, in various jurisprudential debates, some rules and mechanisms have been forecasted for protecting consumer rights. Prohibition of retailing, hoarding, and fainting in the deal are just a few examples of this matter. Using a descriptive-analytical method and collecting and gathering dispersed issues related to consumer and his rights in Imamiyyah jurisprudence, this study aims to show that this issue has not been neglected and specific rules and mechanisms have been considered by jurisprudential texts to protect consumer rights. At the present time also because of the specialization of consumer rights issues and enacting specific protection laws, the governmental Ta'zir Organization has been formed with the primary aim and mission of protecting consumer rights.

Legal systems In most countries, consumer rights are prevalent in the world and they seek to support this cohort of humanity in their country. For example, we see today that consumers' rights in the Constitution of the European Union and in the laws of the member states of the union are considered as fundamental human rights, which indicates that consumer rights as one of the rights The fundamental and fundamental humanity has played a role in the provisions of international law and national laws of the countries. It is worth noting, however, that there are many human rights instruments that, at the global and regional level, have given special attention to protecting individuals as consumers and have introduced these rights as basic human rights, as well as in the light of the judicial process of the court European Human Rights Law, and studying the numerous cases in this regional court. In the area of human rights, we now find that the flow of consumer protection has benefited from the guarantee of appropriate legal and judicial actions. Accordingly, the present study, through analytical-descriptive method and library collection (documentary) has addressed the question of what is the status of the consumer in the light of international human rights?

Artificial intelligence (Al) is one of the branches of computer science that focuses on developing intelligent machines and technologies. The introduction of Al in various fields has doubled the need for examining this subject due to its novelty, insufficient understanding, and lack of clear legislation. Media, as one of the main pillars of today's generation's life and pervasive communication, has played a vibrant and important role in the development of education and culture within societies and families. The integration of Al with new tools and technologies, including media, provides capabilities beyond the past, enabling the impact and analysis of societal information, which challenges concepts such as freedom of expression, privacy, audience rights, and consumer rights. These challenges can cause serious harm to families, which are considered the most important pillar of society. The intellectual property rights system serves technology and development to benefit society by encouraging individuals to expand their creativity and innovation through protection. However, all these topics should be based on public order, good ethics, and the welfare of society. Therefore, in this research, we examine how to deal with the support or lack of support for Al technologies, which can be risky for families and society. Additionally, we explore the appropriate approach towards media that are not under the Iranian intellectual property rights system.

Contra-Proferentem rule states that when a contract provision is vague, the court interoperates it against who has drafted the agreement and favorable to the other party. For years, this rule has been invoked and used in standard contracts. Therefore, the main challenge that we will cover in this article is rationales and applications of it in various areas of law. At the end of this study it is revealed that the rationales of the rule are: reducing the ambiguity in contracts, decreasing unfair terms and redistribution of wealth and its main function is to support the weaker party in standard contracts, asymmetric agreements and etc.; because today one-sided and standard contracts, on grounds of their advantages, are widely used by the stronger party, and deployment of this principle provides the possibility to modify the bargaining power of the parties.

Consumer rights and the need to support it is a common issue of law and economics. Indeed, consumer rights are a set of rules which must be observed by all suppliers of goods and services in accordance with the relevant legal regulations, and the content of the relevant contract. It concerns the rights which are originally aimed at making a balance of trading power between consumers and suppliers. It is called "fundamental rights" in the countries that have recognized this right in their law and regulations. This right is among those human rights which are either peculiar to the rights of consumers or those in which being a consumer is considered a prominent feature. In this paper we investigate the "Iranian Consumer Rights Protection Act" of 2009 and the regulations of the "European Union" under the title "European Law Framework" and "United Nations guidelines for consumer protection". We conclude that "the right of selection and procurement of goods and services," "the consumer safety rights," " the right of sufficient instruction and information, "and" the right of enjoying support" are among the fundamental rights common to all these rules and regulations.

The most of researches on detective goods have emphasis on tort law i.e. restitution, negligence liability, strict liability and … therefore, they have not pay attention to the right to replacement and the right to restitution of detective goods; however, the mentioned rights are more economical and prior to restitution; particularly, there is no damage related to detective goods. This article tries to consider the economic philosophy of right to replacement and right to retraction of detective goods and their position in Iranian Law from the view of economic analysis of law.