جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "internationallaw" در نشریات گروه "فقه و حقوق"

The fight against corruption has become a major concern of the international community in the last two decades. For this reason, governments have resorted to various methods to combat this phenomenon at the level of the international community and international documents. Among the rules for combating corruption, special attention has been paid to prevention, both criminal and non-criminal, as a criminal policy of global and regional organizations. Commitment to non-criminal prevention, obligations with binding and optional power are divided, most of the obligations of countries in the field of non-criminal prevention focus on institutionalization in the construction of domestic law. Given that the international obligations of governments are accepted and accepted by governments in various forms, how can the implementation and non-implementation of these international obligations be assessed? And if the commitments of the governments are not fulfilled, what is the guarantee of the fulfillment of these obligations and what will be the responsibility of the conflicting governments that have not created the capacity for prevention? Examining these commitments in the field of non-criminal prevention confirms that, firstly, the international community's approach to prevention is an effective tool for economic crimes, and secondly, governments in various documents have different obligations in the field of non-criminal prevention of corruption. .Can have international responsibility.

Although the structure and foundation of contemporary international law system, often based on the opinions and ideas of the schools of positivist and therefore the sovereignty of states is central to making the rules of international law, but it should not be forget that the existence and validity of human rights now often speak of it, is not risen from will of the states. Human Rights Today is a new version of the natural law yesterday. Apart from this, more and more influence of principles & opinions of natural law on the body's of contemporary international law system became more obvious manifestation whenever The traditional system of making rule could no longer meet the requirements and needs of the international community in all areas, So The Declaration "Martens clause" came to government approval. Thus we have witnessed new development in the field of construction and payments of the most important sources of international law: custom. An evolution in response to the needs of the day.

This article presents a more human, dynamic, and holistic perspective of cultural heritage, closely referring to the currently observed changes in its conceptual development. It argues that the conceptual focus of cultural heritage has shifted alongside three interrelated and complementary directions: 1) from monuments to people; 2) from objects to functions; and thus 3) from preservation per se to purposeful preservation, sustainable use, and development. Conclusions are drawn in favor of an adequate reexamination and readaptation of the conceptual framework of cultural heritage, based on accepting its new functional socioeconomic dimension and integrating multiple perspectives from a variety of academic fields.