جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "psychology of ethics" در نشریات گروه "اخلاق"

Humans in their nature and innately have the motivation to perform moral behavior. But why do people not have the motivation to behave morally in some situations? Or even have the motivation to behave immorally. They become careless and evil. The same problem exists in the moral teachings of religion. The main question of the article is, "Why do religious people or those who claim to be religious, knowing the moral requirements of religion, do not have the motivation to perform moral actions?". Or sometimes they act against the moral orders of religion. So what is the relationship between religious beliefs aimed at moral propositions and moral motivation? Since the concept of "motivation" and related theories are discussed in "psychology" and the concept of "moral motivation" is one of the important and key topics in "moral psychology". For this reason, this article with a descriptive and analytical method tries to explain the factors and obstacles of "moral motivation" from a new perspective called "psychology of religious ethics" by referring to some verses and narrations. The result is that internal factors such as "weakness of will", "Faith" and "irreligiousness" and overcoming "desires and instincts" and "lack of awareness" and carelessness are obstacles to moral motivation. Also, external factors such as family, education and training system of society, real and virtual social relations and government behavior are effective in moral motivation of people.

Religion as a twin phenomenon with the human race has had many functions in the social life of humans, including its effects on the unity and difference between them, which is the subject matter of the present essay. Analyzing this matter by an ethical and psychological approach is the aim of this paper. The research method is the case study of Islam and, in doing so, analyzing the content of Quran as the most important document of Islam. The findings of this study in terms of the factors and backgrounds of unity are ethical-psychological mediators like affection, mercy, peace, justice, charity, thanksgiving, listening to each other, and forgiveness. In terms of the factors and backgrounds of difference there are some other ethical-psychological mediators like unconformity, murder, Harassment, dispute, aggression, devil, espionage, and defamation. The results of this study show the strict advice of Quran about the unity factors and avoiding the backgrounds of difference.

This paper aims at assessing moral concepts and investigating scientific and practical approaches to measure moral concepts and values through comparative analysis and psychological & psychiatric approach. Various chapters on research literature, the possibility and necessity of assessing moral concepts, table of symptoms, categorization, scaling and some practical examples are presented in this article. Some of the findings are as follows: the assessing and measuring of moral concepts through experimental psychology & psychiatry models which is possible and attainable. By applying the approach used in etiology and symptomatology in a mental disorder, we can present a new categorization of the moral vices and virtues in this regard. The highest level in assessing moral concepts is defining scales and tests. Some of the Western examples are as follows: Forgiveness Scale, Christian Ethics Test, Distributive Justice Scale and some of the Iranian ones are: Modesty, Patience, Cheerfulness, Jealousy and Wisdom Scales. Based on the existing principles, methodologies & samples, we are able to assess the same methodology for moral concepts to measure other values and concepts as well.

The present paper studies the role of the variation among individuals in terms of moral judgment, using a survey-analytical approach. Two research projects were conducted. In the first, 225 university students answered the trolley problem and completed the international personality item pool and religious orientation scale. In the second research, 164 university students answered another version of trolley problem and completed HEXACO personality questionnaire, a questionnaire on curiosity and exploration 2, and spirituality self-assessment scale. The results of these two research projects generally indicate that gender, age, religious and personality variables have no relationship with moral judgment. Furthermore, they indicate that there is a less possibility of disagreement with harming someone if the effect is saving several people than with the case in which harming someone leads to saving several people. Therefore, the moral judgment on trolley problem is not sensitive to the variation among individuals, but a doer’s intention and situation are crucial constituents regarding making moral judgment about other's behavior.