جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "رفتار اخلاقی" در نشریات گروه "روانشناسی"

Ethical behaviors as regulators of human relations are able to determine the ethical performance of employees and create an ethical organization which can also make the organization successful. In this regard, leaders at different levels of organizations play an important role in the development and maintenance of ethical culture and ethical behavior of members of the organization. Therefore, the purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship of ethical leadership with employees’ ethical behavior of Guilan tax affairs administrations with regard to the mediating role of perceived organizational virtuousness and the moderating role of person-job fit.

This study is an applied type in terms of purpose and according to the approach, it is a descriptive and correlational study. The study statistical population consisted of Guilan tax affairs administrations’ staff in Rasht, Lahijan, and Anzali as selected clusters, and 285 of them were selected as the sample by a simple random sampling method. In order to collect the data, the standard questionnaires of ethical leadership of Brown, Treviño, & Harrison (2005), ethical behavior of Lu & Lin (2013), perceived organizational virtuousness of Cameron,Bright, &Caza(2004), and person-job fit of Saks &Ashforth (1997) were used. Data analysis was performed using hierarchical regression analysis and Spss24 software.

The results showed that ethical leadership affects the ethical behavior of employees directly and indirectly through the mediating variable of perceived organizational virtuousness. However, it was found that the person-job fit does not play a moderating role in the relationship between perceived organizational virtuousness and employee ethical behavior.

Therefore, the leader of an organization as an ethical pattern of the organization can be effective in encouraging the ethical behavior of employees, and naturally, their ethics also contribute to the development of organizational virtuousness and employees’ ethical behavior.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of managers' management skills on teachers' self-efficacy and moral behavior development. The statistical population of the research included all principals and teachers of the primary level of Marivan city in the academic year of 2022-2023, in the number of 1030 people (70 principals and 960 teachers). From among the statistical population based on Morgan's table and after consultation with respected professors, 333 people (59 managers and 274 teachers) were selected as a statistical sample by simple random sampling method. The research tools included Katz's Managerial Skills Questionnaire (1974), Jinks and Morgan's Academic Self-Efficacy (1999) and Lozier's Ethical Behavior Inventory (1990). The data were analyzed using descriptive statistics and inferential statistics such as correlation matrix and step-by-step multiple regression with the help of spss software version 26. The results of the analysis showed that there is a significant relationship between managers' management skills and teachers' self-efficacy and moral behavior development. Also, 0.63% of teachers' self-efficacy and ethical behaviors are predicted by managers' management skills. Based on the results, it can be stated that the management skills of managers play an essential role in teachers' performance and raising their moral behavior, which should be given special attention.

The identification of factors that can explain the occurrence of moral behaviors by individuals has been studied by theorists in various studies. However, it is also important to consider why moral behaviors are not performed by people with moral identities and attitudes. Could other factors, such as benefit and cost, play a role as a consequence of moral behaviors in different situations?

In this regard, this study was conducted to investigate the predictors of adolescent moral behavior based on moral attitude, moral identity, benefit, and cost.

The design of this study was descriptive and correlational. The statistical population included all adolescents in the academic year 2021-2022. The sample size consisted of 928 people who were selected by multi-stage cluster random sampling and completed the Moral Behavior Scale (Delfan Beiranvand & Rashid, 2022), Moral Identity (Aquino & Reed, 2002), Moral Attitude (Delfan Beiranvand & Rashid, 2022), and Benefit and Cost Scale (Delfan Beiranvand & Rashid, 2022). Data were analyzed using variance analysis and stepwise regression

The results of this study indicated a positive significant relationship between variables of moral identity, moral attitude, situational benefit, and psychological benefit with moral behavior, and a negative significant relationship between situational cost and psychological cost with moral behavior. The results revealed that variables of situational benefit, moral attitude, situational cost, and moral identity were the most important predictors of moral behavior among adolescents, respectively, and these variables could predict 0.25% of the variance of moral behavior (R2= 0/255, R= 0/50).

Based on the research findings, it can be said that compared to moral identity and attitude, the degree of benefits and costs that is gained by performing moral behaviors in a situation can play a greater role in predicting moral behaviors. When moral behaviors are associated with more situational benefit and less situational cost, they are more likely to occur by individuals in the situations. The results of this study have significant implications for all organizations.

This study was conducted with the aim of developing, validation, reliability, and normalization of moral attitude scale among adolescents.

The study was carried out in two phases. In the first phase (qualitative part), the existing theoretical foundations of attitude and moral attitude were studied and categorized by the use of the content analysis method. In the second phase (the quantitative part), based on the findings of content analysis, a 36-items scale was developed to measure three identified factors called cognitive, emotional, and behavioral. The research method was descriptive-correlational, and the statistical population included all adolescents of Hamedan in the academic year of 2021-2022. The sample size included 1093 adolescents were randomly selected through multi-stage cluster sampling method, and they completed the researcher-made scale. To examine the validity of the scale, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis, content validity method, and concurrent validity, and to investigate the reliability of the scale Cronbach alpha were used.

The results of exploratory factor analysis extracted 3 factors named cognitive, emotional, and behavioral. The estimated Cronbach alpha reliability coefficients for the whole scale was 0.94, and for cognitive, emotional, and behavioral were 0.83, 0.90, and 0.87 respectively. Normative information of this scale is also reported.

According to the results moral attitude Scale has suitable validity and reliability, and can be used in various organization.

This study aimed to investigate the relationship between personality traits and ethical behavior of employees with the mediating role of spiritual intelligence among elementary education teachers and principals of Mahshahr City. The statistical population of this study includes all primary education teachers and principals of Mahshahr City. A sample of 384 people was selected based on the Cochran formula and by simple random sampling. To collect field data, the Neo personality traits questionnaire (1992), King spiritual intelligence questionnaire (2008), and Kardi ethical behavior questionnaire (2004) were used. Data analysis was done by using the path analysis method. The results of the testing hypothesis showed that among dimensions of personality traits, extraversion has the most direct effect with a coefficient of 0.23 at a significance level of 0.01 On the expansion of the state of consciousness of spiritual intelligence, among the dimensions of spiritual intelligence, transcendental awareness has the most direct effect with a coefficient of 0.34 at a significance level of 0.01 on ethical behavior. All dimensions of personality traits with spiritual intelligence mediation have a significant indirect effect on ethical behavior and among variable dimensions of personality traits, empiricism has the most indirect effect with a coefficient of 0.31 at a significance level of 0.01 on ethical behavior. Also, in studying the fitted model of research, it is observed that the amount of variance explained by moral behavior is equal to 0/31 which indicates the role of personality traits and spiritual intelligence. It can be said that the proposed conceptual model is compatible with the collected statistical data. Therefore, spiritual intelligence plays an effective mediating role in the relationship between personality traits and the ethical behavior of employees.

The aim of study was to evaluate the moderating role of moral identity in the effect of family functioning on moral behavior. The research method was discriptive correlational. The statistical population was female students of Hormozgan University (2824) in the 2019 year that 338 people were selected as sample using the Morgan table. Research participants completed the Questionnaire of Family functioning (Epstein, 1983), Moral Identity (Aquino and Reed, 2002), and Moral Behavior (Luzier, 1993). The subscales of FAD were Roles, Affective Responsiveness, Affective Involvement, General Functioning, Communication, Problem Solving and Behavior Control. Pearson correlation coefficient and structural equation modeling were used for data analysis. analyses were performed using SPSS21 and Amos21 software. Findings showed there were significant relationships between problem solving, general functioning, affective involvement, roles & affective responsiveness to moral identity and roles, affective responsiveness and moral identity to moral behavior. there were significant relationships between roles and moral behavior mediated by moral identity and between affective responsiveness and moral behavior mediated by moral identity. it can be conclude, moral identity can influence the relationship between family function and moral behavior (p<0/01). family functioning components (affective responsiveness and roles) affected on moral identity and moral behavior, directly and indirectly.

Moral behavior was defined as a set of socially accepted behaviors that may be either internal or external. Studies have reported on the effect of social cognitive training to improvement moral, also, coaching by empowering effect on this behavior. However, compares the effect these trainings in girl students of high/secondary school has been overlooked.

The present study conducted to compare the effect of social cognitive training & coaching on moral behavior in girl students of high/secondary school.

Research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post- test, three-month follow-up with control group. The statistical population consist of girl students of high/secondary school resident in second district of Tehran city in 1400 years. Sampling method was Convenience Sampling. 45 available students selected (fifteen in each experimental group) and replaced randomly in experimental group 1 (social cognitive training) and experimental group 2 (coaching training). Fifteen other student placed in control group and did not receive any training. The moral behavior Inventory (Sabet, Delavar, Pashasharifi & Khoshnevisan, 1394) was administered pre-test, post-test and follow-up. The training packages were social cognitive training package (Ann Vernon, 1395) and coaching training package (bazarqan, 1397). Social cognitive training and coaching training applied on experimental groups (ninety minutes each session) weekly and the control group did not receive any training. The data analyzed by mixed analysis variance.

Results showed that both of Social cognitive training and coaching training were affected the same on increasing to moral behavior in girl students of high/secondary school (p<0.005). Three- month follow-up confirmed these results. Then by use to Social cognitive training & coaching (especially Social cognitive training) can to increase to moral behavior in girl students of high school.

Then, social cognitive training & coaching (especially Social cognitive) affective to raise the moral behavior students and is necessary for using from these methods to improve education of these girl students of high school.

The aim of this study is to investigate the role of moderating of empathy in the relationship between moral judgment and moral behavior of students. For this purpose, 336 students (176 girls and 160 boys) at high school the eighth Grade students in Mashhad were selected using multistage cluster sampling. Tools used in this research were: 15 Questions Checklist Moral Behavior of Swanson and Hill (1993), the short form of Moral Stories of Rest and colleagues (1973), for Moral Judgment, and Empathy Questionnaire of Mark Davies (1994). Different analytical tests including Pearson correlation and hierarchical regression were used to examine the findings The results showed that there is a significant, direct but weak relationship between moral judgment and moral behavior. also there is a positive and significant relationship between empathy and moral behavior. Regression analysis showed empathy has a moderating effect on the relationship between moral judgment and moral behavior, also, the gender differences in two empathic concern and perspective-taking subscales was observed. According to the results, it can be said that not only students’ moral behavior is directly predictable from moral judgment, but also this relationship is being moderated through empathy.

The purpose of this study was to predict moral behavior based on wisdom with the mediating role of self-control. The study design was correlational and the statistical population included students of University of Applied Sciences and Technology in 2019 in Tehran. 370 students were selected by random cluster sampling method and completed Moral Behavior Questionnaire (Taqhiloo, 2017), Self-Control Questionnaire (Tangney, Baumeister & Boone, 2004) and Wisdom Questionnaire (Schmit, Muldoon, Pounders, 2012). For data analysis, structural equation modeling method was used. The results indicated that the self-control affects people-oriented and task- oriented moral behavior positively and self-centered moral behavior negatively. The direct effect of wisdom was also positive and significant on self-control while it was not significant on people-oriented, task-oriented and self-centered moral behavior, But through the mediating role of self-control, wisdom had a positive effect on people-oriented and task-oriented moral behavior and a negative effect on moral self-centeredness, indicating the importance of the role of self-control. Therefore, it can be concluded that in promoting moral behavior in educational planning, it is better to emphasize on improving self-control

The present research has examined the relationship between the ethical behavior in an organization and organizational citizenship behavior with the mediating role of spirituality in the workplace of junior school principals and assistant principals of Gorgan. The research is applied in terms of the objective and is a descriptive research of a correlation type in terms of the method. The population consisted of 400 principals and assistant principals of junior high school in Gorgan among 179 were selected according to Kerjesi and Morgan tables by stratified random sampling. Data collection tools included the Questionnaire of Spirituality in the workplace of Mili Min et al., Organizational Citizenship behavior of Padsakov et al., and the standard questionnaire of ethical behavior of Broun et al. Path analysis was used to analyze the data. The findings showed that there is a relationship between the components of ethical behavior (professional ethics, regulatory ethics, and instrumental ethics), and the components of citizenship behavior (social customs, work conscience, and protection of the organizational resources) with the spirituality of junior school (first-level high school) principals and assistant principals of Gorgan. Also, the dimensions of ethical behavior in the organization through spirituality have a positive and indirect relationship to the organizational citizenship behavior.

One of the effective factors in the women's business is the ethical climate. The studies indicated that the female entrepreneurs was attracted towards moral issues in their own organizations. Regarding the importance of ethics in the women's business success, this study investigated the association of the ethical climate with the women's business performance and ethical behavior as a mediator. The statistical population of the study included 148 Iranian female business owners who attended the 13th Women's Entrepreneurship Development Conference. Using Cochran's formulas and simple random sampling, the sample size consisted 106 women from the above mentioned participants. The data was collected by implementing Cullen Ethical Climate Questionnaire (1988), Gorgievski Women's Business Performance Questionnaire (2011) and Baker, Hunt & Andrews Ethical Behavior questionnaire (2006). The data analysis was conducted by the Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) using the Partial Least Squares and the PLS Smart statistical software. The findings showed that there was a positive, significant association between the ethical climate and the business performance of women. There were significant relationships between the altruistic, independent, normative and juridical climates and the business performance of Iranian women. While there was not any association between legal and instrumental climates and the business performance of women. Finally, the Ethical Climate had a significant relationship with the performance of the women's businesses through the mediator of ethical behavior.

The aim of the current study was to study the relationship between personality traits, moral behavior and the feeling of guilt with compulsory citizenship behavior. Thus, 320 teachers at Isfahan female high schools were chosen by stratified random sampling method and proportional to demographic share of each region as a sample. The research method was casual-comparative-correlation method and the study tools included the measures of Vigoda-Gadot Compulsory Citizenship Behavior Scale, Costa & McCrae, Personality Traits Inventory, Lussier, Moral Behavior Inventory, The Feeling of Guilt Scale Marschall, Sanftner & Tangney. The data was analyzed by using Pearson correlation coefficient and the structural equation modeling. Results revealed that, there was a negative relationship between personality traits (the extroversion characteristics, being pleasant, being conscientious) with compulsory citizenship behavior, and a negative relationship with flexibility, and a significant and positive relationship with psychotic characteristic. Results of the structural equation modeling showed that between personality traits, there is a direct and significant relationship between the dimensions of being conscientious and being pleasant with moral behavior. In addition there was a direct and significant relationship between the characteristics of being conscientious, flexibility, extroversion and psychotic with the feeling of guilt, and there was a direct and significant relationship between moral behavior variable and the feeling of guilt with compulsory citizenship behavior.

Of the main elements influencing different behaviors of athletes in attaining their objectives and athletic performance, are motivation, passion and pride. The objective of this research is to review the role of passion model in expressing ethical and unethical behavior of athletes in regard to the mediating role of pride. Statistical population of this study is athletes who have participated in Futsal, Volleyball, Basketball and Water polo. Considering the number of variables under study, sample volume was 200 athletes. one sample run test was utilized for studying difference of averages, Pearson test for confirming relations of variables, and in order to test structural equation model PLS software was used. Questionnaires included individual information, passion (Vallerand, 2003), pride questionnaire(Tracy&Rabins, 2007) and behavior questionnaire (Kavussanu & Boardley, 2009). Study of two models indicated that professional athletes show higher tendency to express unethical behavior such as violence, cheating and fault compared to other players of the rival team and being the winner or loser of the competitions is mostly based on extreme passion and pride is a tool with positive aspect in order to increase one’s skills and better performance. engagement gains importance considering ethical behavior and its relation with ethical and unethical behavior is respectively moderated by authentic and hubristic pride. Authentic pride leads to ethical behavior but hubristic pride will inevitably lead to expression of unethical behavior and authoritarianism.

1204/5000 Child upbringing is an essential principle in life and is considered to be a key element of parenthood. But this important task and essential parenting mission for parents requires obtaining the moral merit necessary for the process of education, in order to obtain moral merit in behavior Moral parenting. For this purpose, it is necessary for Wald to first have a proper understanding of merit and ethical competence, in order to gain theoretical knowledge and to analyze related issues of being able to move towards ethical conduct. In this research, we propose a definition for moral merit. We have been developed in a general way so that it can be used Different times, in different contexts and for different purposes be provided. The meaning of the term moral competence has also been operationalized in a conceptual framework that utilizes both research on merit and ethics, parenting and education, and a look at the usefulness of research And action. In addition, we believe that the program of moral eligibility for child rearing should be based on the overall development or growth of the entire parental personality, and the duration of the programs is planned in such a way that the parent is continually assigned to the parent's duties and ethical competencies required for Inform them. 

The emphasis on ethical values, especially the protection of moral behavior, has increased dramatically in the recent years. The aim of this study was to investigate the relationship between self-concept, moral metacognition and moral behavior with the mediating role of moral reasoning students from high schools in shiraz. For this purpose, 300 students were randomly selected by using multi-stage cluster sampling method and filled out questionnaires of self-concept (Rogerz, 1975), questionnaires of metacognitive knowledge (Swanson and Hill,1993), and moral development scale (Manavipour). Data were evaluated by multiple regression analysis with synchronized method based on baron and Kenny(1989). Results demonstrated that self -concept (β=0/42, P<001), and moral metacognition had positively direct effect(β= 0/18, P<001) on moral reasoning. Also, self-concept and moral metacognition have an indirect effect on moral behavior through mediating role of moral reasoning. Moral reasoning positively predicts moral behavior. Therefore, it can be concluded that the moral reasoning has a mediating role in the relationship between self-concept and moral metacognition with moral behavior.

This research aimed to investigate the association of social orientation and social responsibility with moral behavior in banks managers. This study was a descriptive analytical from type of correlation. The population of research included all banks managers of Varamin and Pishva city in 2016 year. From them 160 person were selected by simple random sampling method and all of them completed the questionnaires of social orientation (Harrison, 2001), social responsibility (Galavandi and et al, 2014) and moral behavior (Swanson and Hill, 1993). Data was analyzed with Pearson correlation and multivariate regression with stepwise model methods. The findings showed social orientation and social responsibility had a positive and significant relationship with moral behavior of banks managers. Also social orientation and social responsibility can predict 33/5 percent of variance of moral behavior of banks managers that in this prediction the share of social orientation was higher than social responsibility (P<0/01). Therefore it is suggest that to improve the moral behavior of banks managers increase the social orientation and social responsibility of them. Also suggest that officials and planners consider the symptoms of mentioned variables and design and implementation appropriate programs to improve the moral behavior of banks managers.

The purpose of the present study was to explanation of moral behavior in adolescents on the basis of moral metacognition knowledge due to the gender differences. Accordingly, 250 people (125 boy students and 125 girl students) were selected by multistage cluster sampling among first high school students in the city of Khorramabad and completed Moral metacognition and Moral behaviour questionnaires. Then,data were analyzed using regression method and Independent t test. Results showed that the first hypothesis is rejected and two other hypotheses were confirmed. It means moral metacognition knowledge in students cant anticipate their moral behavior. But there is significant difference in moral behavior and the three components of moral metacognition in girls and boys. therefore it is nessecery in order to examine the moral behavior in adolescents be searched other factors, especially the non-cognitive factors and in teaching morality to adolescents be attentioned to the gender differences