جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "کنترل بازداری" در نشریات گروه "روانشناسی"

This study sought to develop a structural relationship model for relapse prediction based on dysfunctional personality beliefs regarding the mediating role of inhibition control. The investigation involved the correlation of structural equations. In 2021, the statistical population comprised all drug addicts who sought treatment at Ardabil Addiction Treatment Camp. 200 male subjects were chosen using the available sampling method and the Relapse to the Prediction Questionnaire (RPS), the Dysfunctional Personality Beliefs Questionnaire (PBQ), and the Inhibition Control Test (go / nogo). Using clever pls3 software, the obtained data were analyzed using structural equation modeling. According to the results of structural equation modeling, dysfunctional personality beliefs have a direct and significant effect on relapse. In addition, inhibition control mediated the indirect impact of dysfunctional personality beliefs. The value of fit (GOF) criterion was utilized to evaluate the model’s overall fit, which governs both the measurement and structural model components. Consequently, the value of goodness of fit (GOF) is 0.41, which, when compared to acceptable values for GOF, demonstrates the model’s overall good fit. According to the findings of this study, it is necessary to provide regular training programs for substance abusers based on the principles of cognitive-behavioral therapy in order to determine the patient’s dysfunctional beliefs about addiction, assist the patient in developing more effective beliefs and behaviors, and assist the patient in developing more effective coping mechanisms.

The goal of this study was to compare the effectiveness of parisa and pars cognitive rehabilitation programs on the inhibitory control of students with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder. The research method was a semi-experimental type of pre-test, post-test with a control group and follow-up period of 45days. 33male students aged 9to12 years, with attention deficit/hyperactivity disorder were selected purposive sampling method and placed in three groups of 11peers (2experimental and 1control). In each experimental group one of the cognitive rehabilitation programs of Parisa or Pars was implemented in 14sessions of 45minutes, and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data for the inhibitory control variable were collected by Stroop and go-no go tests in three stages. The results of multivariate, univariate of covariance analysis and Bonferroni's post hoc test of the data showed that both programs were effective in improving inhibitory control and most of its components. The results of the follow-up test showed that the effectiveness of the rehabilitation programs was stable in most of the variables. Therefore, according to the results, it is suggested to use two programs in improving the inhibition control, considering the computer and internet facilities.

Attention-Deficit/Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) is a psychological disorder that begins in childhood and involves disproportionate levels of development in the areas of inattention, impulsivity, and hyperactivity. The prevalence of this disorder in children is 3.53%. In many cases, it showed that they persist into adulthood, and the prevalence of ADHD in adulthood is 3.4%. This disorder is one of childhood’s most pervasive developmental neurological disorders, which has been shown to be hyperactive, inattentive, or both, and is associated with numerous deficits in cognitive dimensions such as attention and inhibition control. Other cognitive deficiencies in this disorder include attention, controlling, and scheduling problems, indicating that the disorder is in the context of executive functions. Today, due to the side effects of drugs, the compulsion to continue consumption in order to maintain the effects, and weak adherence to drug therapy, non-drug treatments have been welcomed for this disorder. Non-drug treatments such as cognitive therapy based on mindfulness are a combination of cognitive-behavioral therapy and mindfulness and use sustainable attention training methods that include attention regulation, emotional regulation, and physical awareness. Thus, in this study, an attempt is made to improve the dimensions of selective attention and inhibitory control in ADHD by using cognitive therapy based on mindfulness.

The present study is applied in terms of purpose. In terms of control of variables, it is an experimental type with a pretest-posttest design in which the experimental group was exposed to mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training. The control group did not receive any intervention. The statistical population of this study includes all people with ADHD in Rasht. The number of participants in this study was 30 (18-35 years old) males (N: 15 in each group) that were selected in a targeted and accessible way and also through an online call based on the initial diagnosis of a psychologist, clinical interview researcher, and diagnostic test. The inclusion criteria in this study are the presence of ADHD syndrome from childhood. Criteria for exclusion were other psychological disorders (other than ADHD). Mindfulness-based cognitive therapy interventions are based on Segal, Williams & Teasdale treatment program (19). The program consisted of eight 90-minute sessions and 45-minute homework three days a week (February 2021). The post-test was held for all members of the groups after the intervention sessions. A follow-up session was performed after three months to evaluate the durability of the intervention method. Pre-test and post-test data analysis were performed by SPSS statistical calculation software version 25. Instruments include the Connors Adult ADHD Screening Scale, the  Test, and the Go/No-GoTest. In order to analyze the data, in addition to descriptive methods (mean and standard deviation) for inferential analysis of test hypotheses, repeated measures analysis of variance was used.

The mean of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up inhibition control in the mindfulness group was 17.60, 14.47, and 14.40, with a standard deviation of 1.35, 1.95, and 1.50, respectively. The mean of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up inhibition control in the control group is equal to 18.00, 16.87 and 17.20, with a standard deviation of 1.89, 1.52, and 1.85, respectively. The mean of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up selective attention in the mindfulness group are 16, 12.80, and 11.60, with a standard deviation of 1, 0.86, and 0.73, respectively. Also, the mean of pre-test, post-test, and follow-up selective attention in the control group is equal to 16.80, 15.93, and 15.53, with a standard deviation of 1.61, 1.22, and 1.06, respectively. In the mindfulness group, post-test scores, and follow-up inhibition control and selective attention decreased compared to the pre-test (P<0.01), while in the control group, there was no significant difference in the three stages of the test (P<0.05). Therefore, mindfulness therapy has been effective in improving inhibition control and selective attention in the post-test and follow-up stages.

The treatment is a combination of relaxation and mindfulness. The use of relaxation techniques in mindfulness-based cognitive therapy has had a positive effect on reducing impulsivity in patients with ADHD. According to neuroimaging studies, mindfulness exercises cause structural changes in the prefrontal areas and strengthen cognitive mechanisms, including attention located in the prefrontal area. Based on the current study’s findings, it is recommended to perform cognitive therapy on mindfulness in clinics and psychological service centers as an effective intervention method of treatment.

The purpose of present study was to investigate the effect of Transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) on improvement of executive functions including working memory, cognitive flexibility, and inhibitory control and amelioration of depression symptoms.

The research method was quasi-experimental with pre-test, post-test and followed-up with control group and the statistical population consisted of 33 women with Major Depression Disorder (MDD) who were referred to Outpatient Counseling Centers in districts 1 and 2 affiliated with Education Department in Sari city in 2018. Using convenience sampling method, 20 individuals were selected and were randomly assigned into control and experimental groups. The experimental group received 10 sessions of tDCS for 20 minutes, twice a week. The computerized version of Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (WCST, Heaton & et al. 1993, N-back Krichner 1958, Go-Nogo Test Hoffman 1984, and Beck Depression Test 1996 were used for assessment. Data were analyzed using descriptive indices and mixed analysis of variance with repeated measures.

The results showed that Transcranial direct current stimulation reduced Beck rating scale (F= 38.68, P= 0.001), errors of WCST (F= 9.82, P= 0.006), it’s total time (F= 8.24, P= 0.010), N–back time (F= 28.09, P= 0.001), and reaction time of go stage (F= 4.32, P= 0.05) also increased Go-Nogo accuracy in the go stage (F= 11.66, P= 0.003), nogo stage (F= 15.53, P= 0.001), and the changes remained untill follow-up session. Although, there wasn't any significant differences in cluster of WCST (F= 1.53, P= 0.232).

Transcranial direct current stimulation ameliorates cognitive areas, depressive symptoms, and executive functions. Thus, it can be used as an effective intervention in the treatment of Major Depression Disorder.

The aim of this study was to investigate the effectiveness of cognitive rehabilitation, on improving the executive functions of selective attention, inhibitory control and working mwmory in elderly people with mild cognitive impairment. This experimental study was a Single Subject of type A-B, which 6 elderly (4 women and 2 men) with an average age of 62 years old were selected via  purposeful convenience sampling and randomly assigned into two groups of control (n=3) and experimental (n=3). The evaluation of selective attention and inhibitory control was done using Stroop, Go/NO Go and N-back tests, and the "ARAM" rehabilitation program was presented in 10 one-hour personal sessions for each experimental group subjective. All subjective in both groups was evaluated 6 times (before, during, just after and 2 months following the intervention) and also control group were evaluated simultaneously without receiving any interventions. Using visual analysis, collected data revealed that the scores of both tests of executive functions in experimental group, were steadily increased all through intervention, while the control group scores’ did not make significant changes. Also, two-month follow-up evaluations showed a stable improvement in executive functions of the experimental group. Therefore, it can be concluded that cognitive rehabilitation based on ARAM program has improved the functions of selective attention, inhibitory control and working memory in elderly with mild cognitive impairment. As there are many documentaries suggesting possibility of leading mild cognitive impairment to more serious cognitive disabilities such as Alzheimer’s disease, such findings can confirm possibility of improving cognitive functions of elderly people with mild cognitive impairment with, with lower therapeutic costs applying the help of technology

The purpose of study was to investigate the effect of acute resistance training with low to moderate intensity on inhabitation control in the the older adults.  40 healthy older were randomly assigned into an experimental and control groups. The inhabitation control was assessed by the Modified Eriksen flanker task, conducted in the three stages; before intervention, 15 and 180 minutes after intervention. Strength training for the experimental group were performed with low intensity (40% -10RM) and moderate (70% -10RM). Data were analyzed by repeated measures ANOVA at a significant level of 0.05. The study showed that acute resistance training had a significant effect on the response time and inhibition index of the Modified Eriksen flanker task in the older adults (p <0.05). In addition, the gender had no significant impact on the effect of resistance training on inhabitation control (P> 0.05), while the exercise intensity and Eriksen flanker test conduct time after resistance training had a significant effect on the test results (p <0/05). Acute resistance training in the elderly can improved the inhibitation of dominant, unwanted and habitual behavioral responses (prepotent responses) and intrusive thoughts and, in turn, improve the focus of attention on the main subject.

Aim: The being of impairments in executive functions could lead to weakness individual control on health behaviors and cigarette consumption. The aim of present research was to investigate effectiveness of comprehensive intervention in order to retraining executive functions in smokers. A randomized controlled trial design with pre-posttest and two monthly follow up was applied. The study population included all smoker men in the summer 2016 in Gorgan city. A number of 60 eligible adult smokers were chosen according to specific inclusion and exclusion criteria of the research and were randomly divided into experimental and control groups. The Fagerstrom questionnaire for assessment of cigarette dependence was administered to two groups people. The experiment group then received 10 sessions (twice weekly) retraining of executive functions (Working Memory and Inhibitory Control), whereas in the control (placebo) group a placebo intervention like the original tasks were performed. The Fagerstrom questionnaire was again performed at post-test and in one month and two month follow up stages in both groups. A repeated measure GLM: Multivariate Analysis of Variance showed significant differences between two groups in Fagerstrom in posttest and two follow up stages. Overall, the retraining executive functions intervention was effective on cigarette dependency and could use from this intervention in cigarette treatment programs.