جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « mourning » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

Social trauma is a complex emotional experience in response to a stressful event that extremely challenges the coping capacity of a group of people. Social trauma if not worked through will encompass several consequences such as depression and violence at individual, social, and intergeneration levels. Mourning is concerned as a process of working through social trauma. Due to the important role of mourning in working through social trauma and blocking its consequences, the aim of this study is to review social trauma studies to find and classify the processes and steps suggested for mourning in social trauma. This study has been done on the basis of PRISMA (2020) guidelines for systematic reviews. Relevant studies have been searched in the google scholar database between 2002 to 2022. According to enter and exit criteria 32 studies have been chosen for exploration and 6 studies have been selected for final study. Findings encompass a 5-step process for mourning in social trauma including emotional expression, defining and verbalizing the loss, narrating, constructing new collective identity, and pursuit of goals and wills. Mourning for social trauma put an end to the violence loop and depression. As a result of mourning for social trauma the traumatized part of society could be able to see new capacities in themselves to pursue the lost ideals again while accepting the personal responsibility for social change to make a new path for creating a new collective destiny.

the aim of the present study was to determine and present a model for predicting mental (psychological) pain based on psychological flexibility and meaning of life with the mediation of perceived social support in people who experienced bereavement caused by Corona.

The design of the descriptive research was of the correlation type and the statistical population of people who experienced the bereavement of close relatives (father, mother, child, sister, brother) caused by the corona virus in the year 1400 in Tehran, based on the opinion of Hewitt and Kramer (2004). 432 people were selected purposefully and according to the mental pain scale of Auerbach and Miklinser (2003), the acceptance and action questionnaire of Bond et al. they answered the collected data were analyzed using Pearson's correlation coefficient and path analysis and structural equations and using SPSS and Amoss software.

The results of correlation coefficients showed that between psychological flexibility (r=0.29, P<0.01) and its components (avoidance of emotional experiences and control over life), the meaning of life (r = 0.44, P<0.01) and its components (search for meaning and presence of meaning) have a positive and significant relationship with perceived social support (p < 0.01); While between psychological flexibility (r=-0.41, P<0.01) and its components (avoidance of emotional experiences and control over life), the meaning of life (r = -0.32, P<0.01) And its components (the search for meaning and existence of meaning) have a negative and significant relationship with mental (psychological) pain (P<0.01). Between perceived social support (r=-0.36, P<0.01) and its components (perceived support from family, perceived support from important people and perceived support from friends) with mental (psychological) pain also has a negative and significant relationship (pP< 0.01). Also, the coefficients of the direct path of psychological flexibility (ß=-0.30, P<0.01) and meaning of life (ß=-0.19, P<0.01) to the mental (psychological) pain of people who experienced bereavement caused by Corona They are negative and significant. The coefficient of the direct path of perceived social support as a mediating variable to the mental (psychological) pain of people who experienced bereavement caused by Corona is also negative and significant (ß=-0.20, P<0.01).

In general, the results show that the research model based on the relationship between psychological flexibility and the meaning of life with perceived social support on mental (psychological) pain in people with the experience of bereavement caused by Corona has a favorable fit.

tThe purpose of this present study was to investigate the experience of the research participants after mourning the death of a family member.This study used a descriptive phenomenological research approach to collect and analyze data. This study participants consisted of 12 married or unmarried men and women with a diploma to a master's degree and in the age range of 30-50 years, who had the experience of staying in the mourning of a family member such as a child, parent, spouse or co-workers. Purposeful sampling was the selection and collection of data through in-depth interviews. The interview questions were open-ended (supplementary) with a general question: Tell us about your experience after the death of your loved one? It was starting. In the continuation of the interview, to explore the phenomenon in depth, follow-up questions such as can you explain more about this?. The participants attended in-depth interviews until data saturation was reached. Data analysis revealed 4 themes and 12 subthemes for the phenomenon, including: Psychological mechanisms with sub-themes: emotional mechanisms, behavioral mechanisms and cognitive mechanisms; Family contexts with sub-themes: lack of emotional support and family support, lack of functioning and change in family structure, lack of family transfer from mourning stages and non-functioning of family subsystems; Personal contexts with sub-themes: Interfering personality traits, the deceased's place in the phenomenal world of the individual, the impact of the individual's past experiences; Attitudes were with the sub-themes of religious or non-religious attitude and acceptance or non-acceptance of the fact of death. The findings of this study extend past literature on mourning in the family context.Keywords: mourning, normal mourning, abnormal mourning lived experience, phenomenology

The spread of the coronavirus causes many problems, including anxiety, depression, being away from relatives, and increasing feelings of loneliness. However, research has not yet comprehensively explained what problems and challenges will be faced by mourning spouses with coronavirus.

The aim of the present study was to identify the life experiences of mourning spouses during the corona virus pandemic.

present study was qualitative descriptive phenomenology. The sample consisted of 8 mourning spouses in Tehran who lost their partners in the period from April to September 2020. Targeted and snowball sampling methods were used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted, then implemented verbatim and analyzed by the seven-step Colaizzi’s method.

In this study, 4 main themes include: 1) Concerns (Worries about survival, worries about children, financial concerns); 2) personal reactions (Emotional reactions, behavioral reactions); 3) changes in social relations (Communication with relatives, communication with coworkers); 4) A change of perspective (Towards the world, towards those around) was identified.

According to the findings, it can be said that the lives of mourning spouses have been severely affected by this disease and the death of their spouses, and it is necessary to provide support systems for them according to their circumstances.

Covid-19 has had a significant impact on spouses' relationships. The high mortality rate from this disease is also a serious challenge. The aim of study was to identify and investigate the differences between the life experiences of healthy spouses and mourning spouses during the corona virus epidemic. The research method was qualitative interpretive phenomenology. The statistical population was all healthy spouses of Tehran and Khorasan Razavi provinces, who have not been infected with the disease since the beginning of the outbreak and all spouses of these two provinces who lost their spouses due to corona virus. The sample included 9 healthy and 8 mourning spouses. The available sampling method was used for healthy spouses and the targeted and snowball method was used for mourning spouses. Interviews were conducted in a semi-structured manner, then implemented verbatim and analyzed by Colaizzi method. 4 main themes were identified in the experiences of both groups: worries, personal reactions, changes in social relationships and changes in attitudes. The main differences were in the sub-themes (e.g., illness concerns for healthy spouses and worries about survival for mourning spouses) and were similar in main themes due to the commonality of the questions.

Loss of an important family member is the biggest crisis that one has to face. Therefore, the purpose of the present study was to investigate the experience of the research participants after mourning the death of a family member.

This study used a descriptive phenomenological research approach to collect and analyze data.12 participants who had already experienced the death of a family member were selected using purposive sampling method. The participants attended in-depth interviews until data saturation was reached.

Data analysis revealed 4 themes and 14 subthemes for the phenomenon, including: Effective family fields with sub-themes: Emotional support and family companionship, family functioning and restructuring, how family moves through grief stages, continuity of family subsystems functioning, and deceased person's status in the family; effective personal fields with sub-themes: moderator Personality traits, beneficial or inappropriate use of language, impact on one's past experiences and post-traumatic growth; Effective attitudinal contexts with sub-themes Non-religious and secular attitudes to death, Religious and religious attitudes to death, Accepting or rejecting the reality of death; Effective cultural fields with sub-themes extended family support, mourning cultures.

Conclution: 

The findings of this study extend past literature on mourning in the family context. Also, the effective fields extracted from this study have a lot of practical implications for specialists and people involved in mourning.

Losing a beloved person with whom one is deeply involved is like falling into an abyss of infinity leading to an undesirable feeling which in turn may cause mourning. The grief reactions differ from person to person depending on the circumstances of the occurred calamities, religious, social and cultural beliefs and in general the perceived meaning of the death for the bereaved. Adolescents are one of the vulnerable groups in facing the loss. Belongingness during adolescence is of an essence, as the adolescent seeks to shape ego identity in oneself. The grief process may nullify the personal assumptions regarding the world (spiritual assimilation), relations with others, and personal identity (inner world). Hence, it is indispensable to provide interventions for healing the wounds stemming from the loss. Among various approaches, play therapy is one of the best treatments for grief in the juveniles. Play therapy is the process of making conscious and verbalization of the unconscious and the nonverbal issues. Sand tray therapy is a sort of play therapy which provides people an opportunity to express themselves in a creative and nonverbal way. Currently this kind of therapy is considered as an effective method to work with children and adolescents. However, despite the high rate of mortality in Iran, there is not enough research conducted in this regard. In light of the great significance of cultural differences in the resolution of grief, it is essential to evaluate a variety of theories effective in resolving this process in order to construct a custom-made protocol for sand tray therapy in Iranian population. Subsequently, 25 volunteers, who had lost one of their close relatives between the previous two months to two years, were selected through convenient sampling as the subjects of the study; they completed the Grief Experience Inventory, Adjective Check List, and two researcher made questionnaires named Life Story and Dream Memo Questioners. Ultimately, a protocol to induce reduction of the severity of grief experience was developed via collecting data from the questionnaires (descriptive and inferential statistics) and the theories relevant to the resolution of the grief process.