جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "shifting" در نشریات گروه "روانشناسی"

The aim of the current research was to study of validity and reliability of shifting component tasks of executive functions. This research was descriptive-analytical by survey method. The statistical population of the study included normal people from 16 to 60 years old and people with various clinical disorders from the city of Kerman. Among them, using the non-random quota sampling method in the pilot phase, 100 individuals were preliminarily, 406 normal people and 74 people with schizophrenia, major depression, brain injury and Alzheimer's Were examined as a sample size. Participants performed Shifting component tasks including three subscales of Color-Shape, Category Switch and Number-Letter. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, different types of validity and reliability and MANOVA. The results showed that the shifting component tasks have acceptable validity and reliability and there is a significant difference between the scores of normal people and the scores of people with clinical disorders. Therefore, this tasks can well assess the ability to Shifting and differentiate between the performance of normal people and people with clinical disorders and be used in diagnosis, treatment, rehabilitation and talent identification.

Executive functions are a set of high-level cognitive processes that, by influencing low-level processes, enable individuals to direct their thoughts and actions. Despite the importance of measuring executive functions Many current tests of executive function are complex, have limited reliability and validity, and suffer from task impurity.

The purpose of this project was to develop a novel set of executive function test based on the integrated model of executive function.

The sample consisted of 115 students (18 girls and 97 boys) who were selected by cluster random sampling from 16 and 6 urban areas of Tehran (M=9.2 years; SD=1.7). central nervous system vital signs test was used to evaluate the validity of the test. Pearson correlation tests and exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis were used to analyze the data.

The reliability of the main scores of the subtests was mainly calculated in a significant range (p<0.05). Also, the concurrent validity of the test using the correlation showed a significant correlation. The calculated coefficients for the snake and ladder, gift box, school bag, special route, mannequins, cards, apples, ball and rocket and hands are equal to 0.61, respectively, 0.53, 0.41, 0.79, 0.54, 0.38, 0.66, 0.60 and 0.39. Exploratory factor analysis identified three factors: updating, shifting, and inhibition. The results of confirmatory factor analysis also indicated a good fit of the mode.

The pictorial-computer test of executive functions has outstanding features for measuring students' executive functions.

This study aimed to compare was to compare the executive functions of inhibition, updating, and shifting in children with Attention-deficit / hyperactivity disorder and Sluggish Cognitive Tempo. The design of the present study was in the frame of Casual Comparative. Participants comprised 60 boys (30 ADHD and 30 SCT) from 4th-grade elementary schools in Tabriz in 1398-1399 academic years, which were selected through a screening method using the Child Behavior Rating Scale (SNAP-IV) and the SCT scale. Then, Stroop, memory retention, and plus-minus tests were performed on samples to measure inhibition, updating, and shifting. Manova was used to data analysis via SPSS20. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the two groups in executive functions of inhibition, updating, and shifting (P<0.0001). Moreover, Anova and means of the two groups showed that children with ADHD have deficits in inhibition, and children with SCT have gaps in updating and shifting. Based on the research Background and the findings of this study, it seems that SCT strongly associated with abnormal activity in posterior networks related to impaired updating and shifting and ADHD related to unusual activity in frontal-parietal systems related to impaired inhibition.

Studies have shown that Alzheimer's progression in people with Down syndrome is associated with a faster disorder in some of the functional functions. The purpose of this study was to compare the performance of adults with Down syndrome with and without Alzheimer's disorder. The present study is a causal-comparative study. The statistical population of the study consisted of all subjects with Down syndrome over 40 years of age and included 10 subjects or Down syndrome with Alzheimer's disorder and 10 subjects with Down syndrome without Alzheimer's disorder (a total of 20 people), which were selected by availability and then by instrument Wisconsin Cards and Stroop Test. MANOVA was used to compare the groups. The results of the analysis of the data showed that among people with Down syndrome with Alzheimer's with people with Down syndrome without Alzheimer's There is a significant difference between Wisconsin and Stroup tests. The results showed that people with Down syndrome with Alzheimer's had a weaker performance than the other group. In fact, reducing the size of the cognitive reservoir in the frontal lobe leads to early impairment and then signs of impairment in the functional functions.

Working memory is the comprehensive cognitive system that embedded attentional and memorial mechanisms and therefore can be used in systematic research of cognitive problems. Accordingly, the aim of this study was to investigate the developmental changes of working memory capacity, and its components, including phonological loop, visuospatial sketchpad, and central executive (inhibition and updating). A total of 356 children (8 and 12 years) recruited from primary school in Tehran were selected and tested. Digit Span, and the Kim Karad Visual Memory Test were used for measuring phonological loop and visuospatial sketchpad. Working memory capacity was measured by Backward Digit Span, and finally, the Stroop Task, and the Keep Track task measured central executive. Data analyzing   showed as child growth, working memory and its components become more effective. More skills in arithmetic abilities, more flexibility in storage and processing, more experience in academic achievement and more use of metacognitive strategies can be possible reasons for the results of this study

The aim of this study was to investigate the pre dictive role of working memory capacity and execu tive functions (shifting, inhibition and updating) for Alzheimer›s predisposition. We selected 148 elderly people (75 male and 73 female) from Qazvin with available sampling procedure and they completed Mini Mental State Examination ( Alzheimer›s pre disposition), the Digit Span in backward format Task (workingmemory capacity), Stroop (inhibition), Set- Switching Task (shifting) and Keep Track Task (up dating). Data analysis was accomplished using analy sis showed working memory and executive function totally predicted considerable amount (61 percents) of Alzheimer›s predisposition. At the end data were discussed in light of theory and practice.

The present study investigated the role of attention executive function (shifting, inhibition and updating) of working memory in predicting mathematic performance of second grade students. Therefore, 182 students from elementary schools of Tabriz city were selected by multistage sampling and completed Wisconsin Card Sorting Test, stroop task, Keep track task and math performance test. Results of stepwise multivariate regression analysis revealed that among attentional executive function of working memory, inhibition was the strongest predictor in explaining variance of math. Hence, attentional executive function of working memory as a cognitive activity in learning is essential. Thus, the capacity and performance of learners’ working memory have positive effects on efficiency of training process, designing and providing educational materials all of which aim to create, expand or facilitate learning and academic achievement.

The present study investigated three components of executive functions including inhibition, set shifting, and updating of working memory in OCD patients by controlling depressive symptoms. To this end, after screening students with Symptom Checklist-90 (SCL-90), those who received above cut-off scores in obsession subscale were selected to complete Maudsley Obsessive-Compulsive Inventory (MOCI) and 30 students who received above cut-off scores in MOCI were selected among them. These subjects’ scores in Beck Depression Inventory (BDI) were under 20. In addition, thirty students who did not show above cut-off scores in any of SCL-90 scales during the screening stage were selected and matched by demographical variables. Both groups completed executive functions tasks. Data analysis showed that there were significant differences between OCD group and healthy control group in Stroop variables (reaction time interference and error interference). Also, there were significant differences between two groups in Wisconsin Card Sorting Test (errors, categories, and reaction time) and number-digit test. Generally, patients with OCD showed poor performance in all instruments. OCD patients without depressive symptoms showed deficits in executive functions (inhibition set shifting and updating of working memory) and these deficits do not depend on depressive symptoms.