جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « parent–child relationship » در نشریات گروه « روانشناسی »

A review of research history shows that there is a relationship between emotional intelligence and social skills. But few studies have investigated the relationship between parents' emotional intelligence and children's social skills in childhood. Also, there is a research gap in the field of examining the mediation role of parent-child relationship in this relationship.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the mediator role of parent-child relationship in the relationship between parent's emotional intelligence and child's social skills.

The present study was descriptive and of correlation and structural equations. The statistical population was all preschool children of Bojnord city in 2022; 210, children with cluster sampling method were selected as statistical sample.The data were collected using Children's Social Skills Questionnaire (Matson,1983), Emotional Intelligence (Schering, 1996) and Parent-Child Relationship (Pianta, 1994). The suitability of the proposed model was done using structural equation modeling and AMOS software.

The results showed that the fit indices of the proposed model are acceptable. The assessment of mediating relationships using the bootstrap method showed that parent's emotional intelligence through the parent-child relationship has an indirect and significant positive effect on the child's social skills (p= 0.000, β= 0.43). However, the direct effect of parents' emotional intelligence on children's social skills was insignificant in the presence of the mediator variable (p= 0.532, β= 0.07). Therefore, the mediating relationship resulting from the current study model was full mediating or purely indirect mediating.

According to these results, the parent's emotional intelligence can lead to the increase of children's social skills through improving the child's parent relationship. Also, improving the communication style of parents with children and reducing conflicts in the relationship can contribute to improving children's social skills.

Separation anxiety disorder is one of the most common psychological disorders in childhood. Parenting styles and parental anxiety are among the important risk factors that have been identified for the occurrence of separation anxiety disorder. A review of the research background shows that despite conducting various studies in Iran on the effectiveness of art therapy, especially painting, on reducing children's separation anxiety, There is a research gap regarding the effect of the combination of painting and parent-child interaction on children's separation anxiety.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the efficacy of interactive painting methods based on parent-child relationship on the symptoms of separation anxiety disorder in 6-8 year old children.

The current research design was a semi-experimental pre-test-post-test type with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The statistical population of this research included all 6-8 year old children with separation anxiety disorder in Isfahan city in the academic year of 2021-2022, who were enrolled in pre-primary centers and elementary School in Isfahan city. In order to select a statistical sample, in the first step, the Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale (Parent Version) was administered on 100 parents of children aged 6 to 8 years, and children with separation anxiety disorder were identified, And then 16 parents of children with separation anxiety disorder and their children were identified and randomly assigned to two experimental (8 people) and control (8 people) groups, the educational-therapeutic protocol was held in 13 sessions of 45 minutes (one session each week) for the members of the experimental group. The data collection tool in this study was the parents' version of Separation Anxiety Assessment Scale (Hahn et al., 2003). Also, to analyze the data in the present study, the method of analysis of variance with repeated measurements and SPSS-23 software was used.

The findings of the present study showed that interactive painting methods based on parent-child relationship reduce the symptoms of separation anxiety disorder and its components (fear of being alone, fear of abandonment, fear of physical illness and worry about calamitous events) It has an effective and significant effect on children aged 6-8 years (P<0.05) and the effect of this training has continued in the follow-up phase.

Considering the confirmation of the efficacy of interactive drawing methods based on parent-child relationship on reducing separation anxiety disorder in 6-8 year old children in the present study, it is suggested, School counselors and specialized child counseling centers should use this educational-therapeutic method to reduce the symptoms of separation anxiety disorder in children. Also, in terms of the importance of parent-child interaction, the aforementioned educational-therapeutic program can be used to strengthen the parent-child relationship in the family.

Family is the basic unit of society and the main center of growth and excellence, and the ideological and ideal agreement in the formation of a healthy family is the main basis for the evolutionary and growing human movement, therefore, providing facilities to achieve this goal is one of the duties of parents.

The present study was conducted with the aim of explaining and investigating the lived experiences of mothers in relation to their children after the trauma of the head of the family being imprisoned.

The approach of the current research was qualitative in terms of method; in an in-depth study, the researcher investigated the lived experiences of families with an imprisoned guardian. The current research population included all married women with children in Birjand city in 2023 whose husbands were imprisoned. Sampling was done using the purposeful sampling method and based on the principle of theoretical saturation in the sample size. Also, semi-structured interviews were used to collect data, and descriptive analysis using the Claizian method was used to analyze the data obtained from the phenomenological interviews.

The research findings were represented in the form of 403 propositions, 302 concepts, 33 categories and 7 main categories. The main categories are: dependence on children, power of self-expression, control, life and hardship, feeling of hopelessness and helplessness, post-traumatic stress disorder, psycho-physical disorder. The results of the interviews also showed that the imprisonment of the father directly changes the quality of life and the relationship of the children with the mother.

The results of the research showed that the imprisonment of the father is directly related to the life of other family members and causes significant changes in their quality of life, and also affects the relationship between mother and children. Relationships sometimes get worse and the family sometimes leads to disintegration and confusion, and the normal flow of life that existed before is destroyed. Based on this, it seems that the families of drug prisoners need guidance and interventions to improve the quality of life and especially the parent-child relationship with the mother

The aim of this study was to identify the lived experiences of children whose parents had extramarital relationships.  This qualitative research utilized an interpretive phenomenological approach. The study population consisted of children aged 18-22 years whose parents had extramarital relationships. Using targeted and snowball sampling methods, 10 children were selected until data saturation was achieved. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with the participants, transcribed verbatim, and analyzed according to the method of Smith and Osborne (2015).  Six main themes were extracted from the data: 1) children's exposure to parents' extramarital relationships, 2) children's interpretation of parents' extramarital relations, 3) changes experienced by the child within the family, 4) personal injuries inflicted on the child, 5) interpersonal injuries inflicted on the child, and 6) posttraumatic growth following parents' extramarital relations. The essence of the children's experience was "the desire to restore the family and return to the conditions before the extramarital relationship occurred, while being aware of its impossibility."  The findings suggest that children's lives are profoundly affected by parents' extramarital relationships in multiple ways. It is necessary to provide support systems tailored to the needs of these families.

The purpose of this research was to determine the effectiveness of the mindful parenting training package on improving the parent-child relationship, parenting stress, and feelings of loneliness. The research method was practical in terms of purpose and quasi-experimental in terms of data collection method. The statistical population included all parents referring to psychology and counseling clinics in Shiraz, as well as psychologists and specialists in the field of working with children. Among them, 30 people who visited Aram counseling clinic were selected by available sampling method, then they were randomly replaced in two control and experimental groups (15 people each). The data collection tools were Gerard's Parent-Child Relationship Tension Questionnaire, the Abdin Parenting Stress Questionnaire, and Russell et al.'s Loneliness Scale. In order to analyze the data in the quantitative part of the descriptive statistical indicators such as frequency, mean and standard deviation and in order to generalize the findings from inferential statistics, the analysis of covariance test was used. Finally, the conclusion has been reached that the mindful parenting training package has an effect on improving the parent-child relationship, the mindful parenting training package has an effect on reducing parenting stress in mothers, and the mindful parenting training package has an effect on Reducing the feeling of loneliness in mothers has an effect.

This study was conducted to determine the effectiveness of a parenting program based on mindfulness on the resilience and quality of the parent-child relationship in mothers with children with gender dysphoria. The research method was semi-experimental with a pre-test-post-test design and a control group with a 3-month follow-up period. The statistical population of the research consisted of all mothers with children with gender dysphoria in Tehran in 2023, among them, based on the gender identity questionnaire (2007) and clinical interviews with their children, 30 people were selected purposefully and randomly in the experimental group. (15 people) and the control group (15 people) were replaced. To collect data, Wagnild's Resilience Scale (RS-2009) and Fain et al.'s Parent-Child Relationship Assessment Questionnaire (PCRS-1983) were used, then Mindfulness-Based Parenting Program (2014). The experimental group was taught in 8 two-hour sessions weekly and in groups. Data analysis was done with the statistical variance analysis method with repeated measurements. The results showed that the significant level of resilience and the quality of parent-child relationships of the experimental group between the pre-test stage and the post-test and follow-up and between the post-test and follow-up stage is less than 0.05 (P<0.05). Therefore, the results show that the parenting program based on mindfulness improved the resilience and quality of parent-child relationships in mothers with children with gender dissatisfaction, and this improvement was maintained until the follow-up stage.

Exam anxiety is a type of anxiety related to the situation and is experienced as an unpleasant experience and hinders the growth and academic progress of the student. Therefore, it is very important to identify the factors that can prevent exam anxiety. The aim of the present study was to determine the mediating role of cognitive and metacognitive strategies in the relationship between parent-child relationship perception and test anxiety.

The research method was descriptive-correlational type. The statistical population of this research included all the female students of the second secondary school in Tehran in the academic year 2018-19, of which 330 were selected using the multi-stage cluster random sampling method. The research tools include parent-child relationship questionnaire; Sarason et al.'s test anxiety scale (1956) and Dawson and McInnery's (2004) cognitive and metacognitive strategies questionnaire. The structural equation modeling method was used to analyze the data.

The findings of the research showed that the perception of the father-child relationship (P=0.001, β=-0.120) and the perception of the mother-child relationship (P=0.001, β=-0.161) are indirectly related to exam anxiety.

It can be concluded that cognitive and metacognitive strategies play a mediating role in the relationship between the perception of parent-child relationship and test anxiety in girls.

This study aimed to investigate the effectiveness of communication skills training through painting therapy on parent-child relationships and social skills.

This was a quasi-experimental study with pretest, posttest and follow-up design which using experimental and control groups. Among all second-grade elementary female students in Takestan City, 24 participants were selected using available sampling method and randomly assigned to experimental and control groups. The students in the experimental group participated in 11 sessions of communication skills training based on paint therapy which taken from group art therapy intervention (Martin, 2009) and previous intervention protocols (Ehsanpour, 2016; Shelani, 2015) and the control group did not receive any intervention. Data were gathered using parent-child relationship scale (Pianta, 1994) and social skills rating scale (teacher form) (Gresham & Elliott, 1990) in the pre-test, post-test and follow-up phases and analyzed using repeated measures analysis of covariance.

The results showed that in the experimental group, compared to the control group, after communication skills through painting therapy, the scores of closeness dimension in parent-child relationships (F= 28.09, P=.001) and social skills (F= 44.68, P=.001) had increased significantly and the scores of dependency (F= 22.80, P=.001) and conflict (F= 133.58, P=.001) dimension in parent-child relationships had significantly decreased.

Based on the findings, it can be concluded that to improve parent-child relationships and children's social skills, communication skills training through painting therapy can be used.

The present research was conducted with the aim of modeling children's behavioral problems based on parenting methods with the mediation of parent-child relationship.

In a cross-sectional study in the form of a correlational design, all mothers of primary school students with behavioral problems in Karaj city were selected using a simple random sampling method from the list of names of students diagnosed with behavioral problems. After obtaining informed consent, the research data were used with the help of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) - Achenbach and Rescorla (2001), parenting style questionnaire (1973) and Pianta parent-child relationship questionnaire (2015). In order to check the assumptions of the statistical tests and test the hypotheses of the research, using the SmartPLS software, the identified paths of the research have been investigated according to the conceptual model. Version 3.3 of SmartPLS software was used to compile the confirmatory factor analysis model and structural equations, and SPSS version 26 was used for descriptive statistics. Path analysis has also been used to determine direct and indirect coefficients.

The results obtained from the bootstrap method and the Sobel test both show that the indirect effect of parenting methods on children's behavioral problems due to the parent-child relationship is -0.298, and the value of the Sobel statistic is significant at the 95% confidence level. (Sobel = 5.28, P<0.001).

It can be concluded that parenting methods have a significant effect on children's behavioral problems due to the mediating role of parent-child relationship. The findings of this study are consistent with the background. Research shows the effect of parenting methods by mediating the parent-child relationship in creating children's behavioral problems, which can be used in the prevention program while removing clinical implications

The main objective of this research was the effectiveness of mentalization-based therapy on parent-child interaction and parenting stress in a randomized controlled trial study on children with symptoms of tic disorders and their mothers.

The method of the current research was quasi-experimental with a pre-test, post-test and follow-up plan with a control group. The research sample consisted of 30 mothers and their children with symptoms of tic disorders who had referred to counseling centers and clinics in Mako city in the second half of 2022. They were selected as available and randomly divided into two groups. Experiment and control (15 people in each group) were assigned. The experimental group participated in 15 sessions of the mentalization-based therapy group intervention program, and the control group did not receive any intervention. The subjects of both groups answered the questions of the parent-child relationship scale and the short form of the parental stress scale in the pre-test and post-test phases. Data analysis was done using mixed multivariate analysis of variance test.

The results of mixed multivariate analysis of variance indicated the effectiveness of mentalizing group therapy on improving the dimensions of parent-child relationship and parenting stress of children (P<0.001). Also, the results showed that mentalization intervention reduces the parenting stress scores of children with tic disorder symptoms (P<0.001).

It can be concluded that the therapeutic mentalization group intervention is effective in improving the dimensions of the parent-child relationship and parenting stress of children with symptoms of tic disorder, and this treatment can be used to reduce the psychological problems of children with tic disorder. Symptoms of tic disorder

The present study aims to investigate the effectiveness of a family-based play therapy program on parent-child relationships in children with Attention Deficit Disorder (ADD). The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest, posttest, control group design, and follow-up. The statistical population of this study included all children in Tehran. Among them, 24 people were selected by purposive sampling and assigned to the experimental and control groups. The Child Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS) (Pianta,1997) was used to collect data. Family-based play therapy was performed on the experimental group for ten 2-hour weekly sessions, While the control group did not receive any intervention. Data was analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance (MANCOVA) and Multivariate Analysis of Variance with Repeated Measures. The results showed that family-based play therapy improved the parent-child relationship's Conflict, Closeness, and Dependency (p<0.05). The findings of this study showed that applying family-based play therapy is significantly effective in improving the Closeness and Dependency in the parent-child relationship of children with Attention Deficit Disorder.

This research was conducted to determine the effectiveness of the combined program of parent management training and parenting based acceptance and commitment therapy on parental stress, parent-child relationship, and child's externalizing problems.The research was semi-experimental in the form of a pre-test, and post-test design with a control group and a three-month follow-up. The research community was the mothers of children aged 4 to 9 years in Semnan city in 1400. 24 mothers were selected by the available sampling method and randomly divided into two experimental and control groups. The experimental group received 8 two-hour intervention sessions while the control group was on the waiting list. The research tools were Abidin's parenting stress index, Pianta's parent-child relationship scale, and Eyberg's child behavior questionnaire. The data were analyzed by multivariate covariance analysis. The results showed that there is a significant difference between the experimental and control groups in the parental stress, parent-child relationship, and the child's externalized problems. Only in the dependence subscale, it can be seen that this difference is not significant. This combined program can be effective in reducing parenting stress and externalizing problems of the child and reduce conflicts between parents and children and bring closer their relationship, but it is not effective in the degree of parent-child dependence.

This study set out to explain the parent-children relationship based on Covid-19 anxiety with the intermediary role of emotional security. This research had a correlational design. The statistical population of the study comprised all female high school students in Azna in 2019-2020 school year. The study sample included 270 students who were selected by convenience sampling. The research instruments were comprised of the Parent-Child Relationship Survey (Fine, Moreland & Schwebel, 1983), Emotional Security Scale (Frey et al. 2008), and Covid-19 Anxiety Scale (Alipour et al., 2019). Structural equation modeling was utilized to analyze the data. The results showed that Covid-19 anxiety had a significant, direct effect on emotional security (β= -0.22, p<0.01) and parent-child relationship (β= -0.32, p<0.01). In addition, emotional security had a significant effect on parent-child relationship (β= 0.25, p<0.01). The results also indicated that emotional security played a mediatory role in the relationship between Covid-19 anxiety and parent-child relationship (Z= 3.72, p <0.01). Furthermore, the results revealed that Covid-19 anxiety directly and indirectly affects parent-child relationship through emotional security. Accordingly, the adverse impacts of Covid-19 anxiety on parent-children relationship can be reduced through the strategies to foster emotional security.

This research aims to develop and test the adolescents' self-esteem causal model based on the parent-child relationship and basic psychological needs with the mediating role of self-concept.

The descriptive-correlation research was of the structural equation type. The statistical population consisted of all the second-year high school students of Meibod City in 2019-2020, and 461 people from the target population were selected as the sample size using the available sampling method and participated in the research virtually. The data was collected using Coopersmith's self-esteem, parent-child relationship by Fine et al., Rogers`s basic psychological needs and self-concept questionnaires. Finally, the data of 398 participants, which were analyzable, was collected in order to investigate the research hypotheses using the structural equation modeling method and SPSS25 and AMOS24 software.

The results of structural equation modeling confirmed the fit of the hypothetical research model. Also, the results obtained from the path coefficients in the structural model showed that the parent-child relationship and basic psychological needs have a positive and significant effect, and self-concept has a negative and significant effect on the self-esteem of adolescents.  In addition, self-concept mediates the relationship between the parent-child relationship and basic psychological needs with self-esteem in adolescents. The variables of the parent-child relationship, basic psychological needs, and self-concept explain a total of 62% of the variance of self-esteem in adolescents.

Therefore, considering the role of improving the parent-child relationship, and satisfying the basic psychological needs and self-concept in the formation of self-esteem of adolescents, it is necessary to inform parents and adolescents about the characteristics of adolescence and its effects in the later stages of life.

The aim of this research was to compare the Parent-Child Relationship, Identity Styles, and Self-Compassion of Adolescents in Single-Child and Multi-Child Families. In regard to the purpose, this research was applicable and in relation to procedure, it was a descriptive-comparative. The study community included all high school girls and boys single-child and multiple-child in Tehran in 2021, among them 180 students were selected as samples by purposeful sampling. Research questionnaires included: the parent-child relationship scale(PCRS-1983), identity styles(ISS -1992), and self-compassion(SCS-2003) questionnaire. multivariate analysis of covariance was used to analyze the data. The results of multivariate variance analysis showed no difference between single-child and multi-child teenagers in terms of parent-child relationships(P<0.65). Also, the results showed that self-compassion and avoidant identity styles are different in adolescents with single-child and multiple-child adolescents (P<0.001). Generally, the results of the present study showed that there is no difference between single-child and multi-child adolescents in terms of parent-child relationships. Still, single children had lower self-compassion and a more avoidant identity style than multiple children.

Examining the psychological problems of children and adolescents has always been one of the main concerns of psychologists. The present study was conducted with the aim of modeling children's behavioral problems based on attachment styles with the mediation of parent-child relationship.

In a cross-sectional study in the form of a correlational design, all mothers of primary school students with behavioral problems in Karaj city were selected using a simple random sampling method from the list of names of students diagnosed with behavioral problems. After obtaining informed consent, the research data were used with the help of the Achenbach Child Behavior Checklist (CBCL) - Achenbach and Rescular (2001), the attachment styles questionnaire (1987) and the Pianta Parent-Child Relationship Questionnaire (2015). In order to check the assumptions of the statistical tests and test the hypotheses of the research, using the SmartPLS software, the identified paths of the research have been investigated according to the conceptual model. Version 3.3 of SmartPLS software was used to compile the confirmatory factor analysis model and structural equations, and SPSS version 26 was used for descriptive statistics. Path analysis has also been used to determine direct and indirect coefficients.

The results obtained from the bootstrap method and the Sobel test both show that the indirect effect of attachment styles on children's behavioral problems due to the parent-child relationship is -0.142, and the value of the Sobel statistic is at the 95% confidence level. It is significant (P>0.001, Sobel=3.56). As a result, attachment styles have a significant effect on children's behavioral problems due to the mediating role of parent-child relationship. The negative value of beta (-0.142) shows the negativity and oppositeness of this effect.

It can be concluded that attachment styles are effective in creating behavioral problems in children by mediating parent-child relationship, which can be used in the prevention program while removing clinical implications.

Oppositional defiant disorder (ODD) is one of the most common disorders in school-age children, closely associated with attachment problems. In various studies, dyad art therapy has been identified as effective in improving attachment components. Still, research that has focused on the efficacy of dyad art therapy on ODD has received less attention.

The aim of this study was to determine the efficacy of a dyad art therapy program developed by researchers on attachment components and symptoms of ODD.

This study was a quasi-experimental study with a pre-test and post-test design with a control group. The research population was all clients with a diagnosis of ODD aged 7 to 9 years who were referred to the counseling center of Arak Islamic Azad University in the spring of 2021 and 24 of them were selected by convenience sampling method and assigned to experimental and control groups. The research instruments were Kinship Center Attachment Questionnaire (2006) and the Homerton ODD Rating Scale (2006). The dyad art therapy program was performed as an independent variable and its efficacy was evaluated using multivariate analysis of covariance.

The results showed that after the intervention, in the total scores of the attachment components Questionnaire (f= 86.542, p< 0.01) and its subscales in the experimental group, scores were significantly increased and the symptoms of ODD decreased (f= 47/35, p< 0.05).

According to the findings, it can be concluded that dyad Art therapy can improve the components of attachment and reduce the symptoms of ODD.

This study was conducted to evaluate the effectiveness of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training on irrational beliefs and parent-child relationships in parents uncompromising divorce applicants. The research method was quasi-experimental with a pretest-posttest design and a control group. The statistical population included all couples uncompromising divorce who were referred to counseling centers in Mashhad in the second half of 2021. The research sample consisted of 40 people who were selected by the available sampling method and randomly assigned to two groups of 20 experimental and control. Data collection tools included the child-Parent Relationship Scale (CPRS, Pianta, 1992) and the Irrational Beliefs Test - Ahvaz (4IBT-A, Ebadi and Motamedin, 2005). For the experimental group, eight 90-minute sessions were provided with one week of mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training. Data were analyzed by multivariate analysis of covariance using SPSS software version 22. Findings showed that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training on reducing irrational beliefs and improving parent-child relationships in parents' uncompromising divorce Undefined had an effect (P<0.01). Based on these findings, it can be concluded that mindfulness-based cognitive therapy training is effective in reducing irrational beliefs and improving the parent-child relationship in parents' uncompromising divorce.