جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بازار کار » در نشریات گروه « علوم تربیتی »

With the extensive development of higher education in Iran, the phenomenon of overeducation or job-education mismatch has emerged in the Iranian labor market, which has caused negative consequences, including the increase in unemployment. Therefore, it is necessary to identify the factors affecting overeducation in order to adopt a suitable policy to reduce it. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to identify the factors affecting the overeducation of the workforce in urban and rural areas of the country. For this purpose, the household cost-income data of 2020 and the logit model are used. The results of the research show that the variables of years of education, experience, part-time job, sex, unemployment rate, relative supply of graduates, relative demand of graduates, and employment in the private sector are factors affecting overeducation in Irananian labor market. At the end of the study, the suggestions have been made to reduce the overeducation. The general suggestion of the research is that, first, student training in universities should be done based on the needs of the labor market; Secondly, by making different economic sectors knowledge-based, the recruitment of educated workforce should increase according to the level of education.

In recent years, a lot of investment has been made by the government to increase the number of university graduates. These investments have been made in order to improve the living conditions by increasing the wages of the workforce. Increasing the education of the workforce through the promotion of human capital can increase the productivity and wages of the workforce. But this happens in a situation where the education of the workforce is in line with the needs of the labor market. Lack of education or required education can even have a negative effect on the wages of the workforce.

Therefore, the main goal of this study is to investigate the effect of education on the wages of urban and rural workers. For this purpose, the raw data of household cost-income of 2019 for the provinces of the country is used. The calculation of education is done by Duncan and Hoffman's method, and Mincer's wage function is estimated by the mixed effects method (multilevel model). In this research, Iranian people (urban and rural) in different provinces are studied. Therefore, the data are analyzed at both individual and province levels. Hence, according to the two-level nature of the data, multi-level patterns are a suitable method for this study. In this type of modeling, the complex structures of economic-social life are considered in the framework of natural and social groupings such as geographical regions. In this research, using the above method, the effect of the variables of the individual's appropriate years of education, over-required education, under-required education, years of potential experience, the product of potential experience years in over-required, appropriate and under-required education respectively, gender and the control variable of the group wage employment have been investigated in urban and rural areas.

The estimation results show that the required education in the rural areas and the insufficient education in the urban areas have a negative effect on the wages of the labor force. Also the variable of experience in both urban and rural areas has a positive effect and the variable of being a woman has a negative effect on the wages of the labor force in both.

The purpose of research was to identify the challenges of the secondary education system and its relationship with the labor market and to provide a solution. This research was conducted with a qualitative approach. The statistical population was experts, managers the country in the field of connection between education and the labor market in 2022-03, and 13 people were selected according to the principle of theoretical saturation with the purposeful sampling method. The results of the challenges led to the identification of 46 basic themes, 13 organizing themes, which include organizational factors in the form of 4 global themes (unproductive teaching and learning process, weak structure of occupational education guidance regulations, lack of vocational education needs assessment); human factors (problems related to administrators, problems related to counselors, problems related to teachers, problems related to parents, problems related to students, problems related to educational planners); Trans-organizational factors (existence of educational gap, educational injustice, socio-cultural poverty) and economic and physical factors (financial and infrastructure problems). Also, in the review of solutions to solve the existing challenges, 45 basic themes and 13 organizing themes were identified, which in the form of 5 global themes include the development of a road map for vocational education guidance (revision of educational laws, education based on practical ability and entrepreneurship, communicating with groups Reference); Individual improvement of students ; Improving the quality of teaching and learning methods ); Strengthening the effectiveness of educational actors , improving the performance of managers) and government support (financial and physical development).

The purpose of this research project is to investigate the dimensions of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and its impact on the development of technical and vocational training skills. The relationship between labor market in the first to third revolutions has been affected by economic, social, political, cultural, scientific and technological developments of revolutions. In this research, using documentary analysis and content analysis of journals, articles and scientific theories of the characteristics of the Fourth Industrial Revolution and its impact on the nature and manner of technical and vocational training skills in the European and Iranian labor market has been investigated.

The purpose of this study is to design a competency model for civil engineering based on the needs of the labor market. The research was conducted using the dominant exploratory sequential mixed method. The research included collecting and analyzing qualitative data by content analysis and mapping, holding DACUM workshops with experts and collecting and analyzing quantitative data to validate competencies. Quantitative data analysis was performed using inferential descriptive statistics (Friedman mean and mean rank) using SPSS Ver 24. In this study targeted and snowball sampling methods have been used. Competency components were identified and prioritized, and a competency model and a competency evaluation model were presented. The results show that specialized knowledge (engineering and technology, construction, mathematics and design) along with computer and electronics, English, government law, customer service are in the first priority of knowledge competencies. Practical skills (mathematics, science, monitoring, human resource management, material and financial) and cognitive skills (critical thinking, problem solving, comprehension, operations analysis and systems) are also important to meet the needs of the labor market. To evaluate the components of knowledge: written test and project, practical skills: functional written test, identification, and work sample, cognitive components: emotional and cognitive tests were suggested.

In this study, the data theory theory approach has been used to develop the model. In the present study, interview tools were used to collect information. The sampling method is targeted to the point of saturation. In this study, from the interview of the 11th person, the data were repeated and no new concept was identified, so the adequacy of sampling was established. That is, in the interview stage, in order to be aware of the opinion of the experts in the subject, 10 experts were interviewed. After compiling the conceptual model of the research, the Delphi process was performed in 3 rounds with the participation of 10 experts who had executive or managerial background and sufficient knowledge and awareness in this field. By classifying the concepts and using the axial coding method, the categories that shape the appropriateness of technical and vocational training with the needs of the labor market and the relationships between them emerged in the form of a paradigm model that includes 8 components and 70 indicators were identified and finally approved by experts. The main components include causal conditions (1- technology and technology 2- human resources), interventionist conditions (3- skills training), central phenomenon (4- entrepreneurial attitude), contextual conditions (5- job training), interactions (6- entrepreneurial behaviors 7) Job opportunities and job opportunities in the labor market (outcome) (8- Career path in the labor market) were identified.

Technical and vocational education has the potential to have a high impact on growth rates, employment and production. Paying attention to the development and expansion of vocational technical training tailored to the needs of each region can lead to economic, social and environmental development. The purpose of this study is to develop an indigenous model for the development of technical and vocational education tailored to the needs of the labor market and regional capacity in the beekeeping, silkworm and beneficial insects industry in Ardabil province. The research method used was based on the foundation data method. The required data were collected in six steps using the foundation data method. In the quantitative part, by formulating educational standards in two parts, competency standards and performance standards, standards related to the field of three parts were developed. Potential participants in the qualitative part of the research, experts in the field of beekeeping, beekeeping industry, silkworms and insects were useful. Purposeful sampling method 15 people were invited to participate in the study. The data encoding process in foundation data theory takes place in three steps: open coding, axial coding, and selective coding. In each of these steps, the attached code or codes must saturate the related data. Based on the research findings, it can be concluded that using needs assessment strategies, stakeholder participation, coaching training, career prospecting and planning, trainees' familiarity with the job market and career counseling and guidance,technical training and Achieved a profession with labor market needs.

The main aim of this research was to identify effective components on policymaking based on the market-place in Iran's higher education. The research methodology was qualitative and Grounded Theory, and the data gathering tool was a semi-structured interview. The sampling method was purposive and 40 researchers and specialists of  technology, research and sciences ministry and universities of Hamedan, Kurdistan, and Sistan and Baluchestan provinces were selected for interviews. The data was analyzed by using themes analysis in the forms of Open, Axial and Selective coding. Policymaking based on market-place in higher education at two dimensions of horizontal and vertical was the central hypothesis of the research. The vertical policymaking based on market-place includes: labor culture-making, modifying the structure of universities and market, need-assessment based on market- place, modifying educational roles (educational, research, faculty) based on market-place, government supporting of internal knowledge-producing and productions, advertising of universities' ideas regarding market- place, macro and micro policy making regarding market-place. The horizontal policymaking based on market-place includes: changing the curricula based on economical approaches, relationship between industry and university, training entrepreneurship students in market-place, policies of training and learning skills, using information technologies in market-place and universities, considering educational issues based on economy, turning Human resources to Human Capital, changing evaluation system. At last, the policymaking based on market-place model was presented by using the research findings.

This study investigated the relationship between job characteristics and job adjustment of new graduates in the labor market. The sample of study consisted of 94 graduates of public universities in the city of Kermanshah. Data were collected through standard questionnaires and analyzed by using Structural Equation Modeling and confirmatory factor analysis. Results indicated that job characteristics had direct effects on job adjustment and satisfaction. Job satisfaction as a mediator was effective on job adjustment. According to research findings in job adjustment, the three variables of job identity, autonomy and feedback were confirmed. In student's curriculum, no programs is considered for their future occupation and universities had not provided clear mechanism that they can use their technical knowledge after graduation. This finding has a serious warning to the universities. This makes the practical use of university education ineffective and disappointed. Therefore, it is recommended to the higher education planners to add teaching real skills to student's curriculum and teach graduates compatibility with the world outside the university.

The purpose of this study was to explore senior university students’ employability in Nahavand University for Women- a women only higher education institution. Statistical population in this study was senior students in bacclurate degree program. In this descriptive correlational survey research, all 103 students were participated. The reliability of the instrument was calculated using Cronbach’s Alpha (a=0.91) via a panel of faculty members in Buali Sina University. Evaluating the employability of students revealed that assessment skills component comprised the highest employability components amongst the students. Moreover, in general skill components, student's problem solving skill, numerical skills, personal qualities, assessment skills and occupational development skills were desirable. However, student's presenting themselves to their potential employers was significantly lower than desirable. The path analysis showed that powerful parenting style highly had most causal influence female students’ employability.

Looking for shortcomings of Kardanesh (skill training program) performance in the mirror of research, findings of 72 research documents were reviewed in present study. Only 16 percent of these documents corresponding positive points of mentioned program. Overall, the available evidence it is inferred that the performance of vocational training is not successful. Careful and detailed evaluation of vocational programs requires attention to the cultural context and set of systems that are constantly interacting. For this reason, the promotion of technical and vocational education entail improving economic conditions in the macro-level and labor market. Disturbance in the economic system of the country (prevalent fixer-based economy and its domination over the productive economy), could threaten success of TVET programs. With this explanation, pointing to the need for timely notifying and adequate justification of stakeholders to ensure their commitment, some suggestions have been proposed to improve and reform(such as stopping expansion and effective measures to improve quality).

Present study was to evaluate the Rate of students and the University of Isfahan and Khorasgan University of the components of ethic work as one of employability competencies labor market. The method used in this study is mixed – exploratory. Population has been student Isfahan University and Khorasgan University the 1391-1392, which is based on Table Morgan of 331 students were selected. Interviews and data collection instrument was a questionnaire that was administered to the students. Validity is Content validity and its reliability is obtained by using Cronbach's alpha coefficient equal to 0/83. Data collected by ANOVA, post hoc Bonferroni t-test and one-sample analysis was performed by software SPSS17. According to the results, students of universities Isfahan and Khorasgan of having the significant differences in components of ethic work. The results showed that the level of education and the field student is effective Rate the components of ethic work. But sex does not effete in the rate of students of components of ethic work.

The purpose of this study, was "Evaluation of employment skills training required for labor market in undergraduate curricula of accounting, civil engineering and food industries majors ". The research method was survey. The population was the faculty members, teachers and students of the last semester of undergraduate accounting, civil engineering and food industries majors of Islamic Azad University of Torbat heydariyeh. The total statistical population were studied. The number of students in the accounting major was 63, in civil engineering was 78 and in food industries was 35. The number of masters of accounting was 12, civil engineering was 35 and food industries was 8. The total population of students in the three groups were 178 and the total of the masters in the three groups were 55. The Researcher made questionnaire was used for data collection, descriptive statistics to describe the data and one sample t-test for statistical analysis. The Opinions of experts were used to assess its validity. The reliability of 0.83 was estimated by using Cronbach's alpha. The results indicated that the accounting students (except IT, self-management and learning) and the masters believed that the employment skills are not taugh in the curriculum of this course. The results showed that the civil engineering students (except for planning, self-management and learning) believed that employment skills are taught. Civil engineering masters also believed that employment skills (except for problem solving, planning and self-management) are taught in the curriculum of this course.. The results also indicated that the students of food industries believed that the employment skills (other than planning, communication, information technology and learning) are taught, and the masters also Believed that only the teamwork beare taught.

The main purpose of this study was to investigate the effective factors on the agricultural undergraduate's competency to enter labor market in the age of globalization. The statistical population consisted of all agricultural undergraduate students of the agricultural majors of the College of Agricultural & Natural Resources at the University of Tehran in 2008-2009 academic year (N=1339). Out of which, according to Krejcie & Morgan's table, a number of 297 students were selected using proportionate stratified random samplings method. Finally 276 questionnaires were analyzed (n=276). Validity of the instrument was established using a panel of experts. The reliability of the main scales of the questionnaire was conformed as Cronbach's alpha values were all above 0.94. The findings indicated that the competency of 64.9% of student was equal to the mean score and %31.9 of them had low competency. Therefore, in order to prepare undergraduates properly to enter labor market in a globalised world, universities must pay a close attention to the contemporary educational needs and have to revised their courses and content of curriculum sharply. Stepwise regression analysis indicated that the variables of the participation in international activities, importance of international issues as perceived by students, educational level, student's interest in international issues & activities, and their gender explained %42.6 of variations in the agricultural undergraduate's competency to enter labor market in the age of globalization.

The focus of this research was to present a model for the design, performance as well as evaluation of the instructional entrepreneurship schemes at the universities. To this end, according to the background of the research, the theoretical tenets of the primary components were fist taken into account. These components were arrayed into set structure (the primary model) based on which the researcher could furnish response to the research questions and collect the required data. To do so, a questionnaire of five parts ok devised and after figuring out the face validity and making sure of its validity (0.795), the data 9 (i.e. 269 subjects who were 102 managers and 167 academic members of the universities) were analyzed by drawing upon the desciptive statistics and inferential statistics such as t-test for single samples, Factor Analysis and Agreenment coefficient(P). The results obtained indicated that in order to design. Perform and evaluate the entrepreneurship schemes, one ought to allow for four main sets of components such as purpose, aim, theoretical foundations, the components of the entrepreneurship scheme and the environmental factors finally, based upon the reearch findings, a model was proposed to design executes, and perform the instructional entrepreneurship schemes, which is borne out by investigating the specialists views. Therfore, with respect to the dire need felt, it is recommended that the universities carrying out the instructional entrepreneurship sehemes utilize.

The aim of the present study is to evaluate the graduate's job ability in some fields of technical and vocational education. These graduates are employed by Iran-Khodro Company and the viewpoint belongs to the production unit's managers. In this study, all of the 200 graduates are students of manufacturing and production, vehicle mechanics and electronics in technical-vocational high schools who are employed by Iran Khodro in 2004. Their data was collected through a Job ability questionnaire. The findings indicated that the managers of the production units believe that graduates of technical and vocational education in the above-mentioned fields have desired levels of team work, communication skills and commitment and also comparatively desired levels of creativity, problem solving, specialized knowledge and technical skill and job ability. In the whole, the managers consider these graduates’ job ability to be comparatively at the desired level. No significant difference was found between manufacturing and production, vehicle-mechanics and electronic graduates in job ability, team work, communication skills, creativity, problem solving, specialized knowledge and technical skill. However, the results show that electronic graduates have more commitment than vehicle-mechanics graduates.

The purpose of this study was to determine adaptability and compatability between agricultural high school system and agricultural labor market expecations. In this study, two descriptive and explorative approaches were used. The pupolation studied were experts, the executives in agricultural high school, employers in agro-industries, vocational graduates and those in agricultural training centers during 1375-76 (solar). The statistical sample included 39 experts, 38 educational experts in agricultural high schools and 98 agricultural high school executives. The Sample in these three groups were chosen randomly and the main element of this research covered three questionnaires related to experts, administrators and managers in agro-industry. The results showed that human resource development highly correlated with process of atraction and admition. In addition demand for agricultural employment market is effected by employment chalacteristies, professional levels and professional characteristics of workers.