جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "localization" در نشریات گروه "کتابداری و مدیریت اطلاعات"

Subjec: 

Science and technology’s progress have opened new horizons for human being in a way that its effects have transformed the human lifestyle and given changed the globe. Undoubtedly, the spread of science in any society is related to the level of public understanding of science. For more than half a century, this index has been designed to measure public understanding of science in most developed countries and it is used in various surveys. The results of surveys show the positive effects of this index in improving the general public's understanding of science.

The purpose of this study is assessing and making localize the indicators of public understanding about science and technology in Iran. Considering the cultural and social differences of the societies, the indicators of public understanding of science were localized based on the cultural and social requirements of the country.

The research method in this study is descriptive and it is a survey. The people who study in this paper includes all men and women over 18 years who lived in Iran in 1400 and multi-stage cluster sampling method was used for selecting the samples. The data collection tool was a researcher-made questionnaire. With using the opinion of experts and their agreement coefficient, the content and face validity of the questionnaire were confirmed. Also measuring the construct validity second order confirmatory factor analysis was used. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used for measuring the reliability of the prepared questionnaire and its items. This questionnaire examined the public understanding of society in five areas: 1. Public understanding of science; 2. Science and society; 3. Scientific literacy; 4. Trust in science 5. Media. Also, at the end, two open-ended questions were presented.

The findings show that most people emphasize the positive impact of science and technology. Also, most people participated in scientific programs, but in some activities, such as visiting scientific centers, going to the library, the participation rate is lower. Statements related to scientific literacy were approved by the majority. According to the dimensions of trust in science, the positive and negative opinions are significant. The variety of views about scientific media and other media is worthy of consideration. Trust in jobs can also be checked from very high to minimal. The results of examining two open-ended questions about the introduction of contemporary scientific figures and scientific centers emphasize the necessity of redefining related terms.

Indicators of public understanding of science and technology such as balance monitor the state of science and technology in society. But in Iran, this issue has been neglected, it is necessary for policy makers and planners to pay attention to this issue in order to achieve scientific development and to prioritize the implementation of periodic surveys to measure public understanding of science as a priority in their future plans.

The main purpose of the present research is to provide a native pattern of post-crisis management in archives.

this research was carried out qualitatively with the use of grounded theory. The research community was crisis management specialists, as well as archives managers in Iran.

The results of this pattern include the sections of the causal conditions, strategies, intervening conditions and the field, as well as the outcome of them. The causal conditions are due to factors such as the lack of proper policies at the national level for post-crisis management, the lack of proper and to combat fire, as well as the absence of organizations that do the act of freezing and falsifying records. Intervener conditions and areas is consisted of some issues such as the lack of a comprehensive crisis plan for the post-crisis phase in the archives, compliance with standards in the reconstruction of records by specialists, the use of disinfection and acidification methods to protect information resources against pests, use of the crisis map in the post-crisis phase and issues related to manpower. According to research findings, in archives, strategies such as modern resilience training, restoration of records, evaluation of building aftershocks, and state level due to accelerated reconstruction of records should be used. Eventually, the aftermath of the crisis management process in Iran's archives will have the effect of eliminating the effects of crises and returning to the pre-crisis stage.

The main purpose of the present research is to provide a native pattern of post-crisis management in archives. Identifying the main fields and strategies as well as the main factors that interfere in the management of the indigenous issues of Iran's archives crisis are considered as secondary research objectives. This research was carried out qualitatively with the use of grounded theory and the data were collected through deep semi-structured interviews. Data saturation was a major factor in determining sample size. The research community was crisis management specialists, as well as archives managers in Iran. Data analysis was conducted through theoretical coding, which consists of three stages of open, axial, and selective coding. In the axial coding, the main phenomenon or category was identified and in the selective coding stage, the model was presented. In this pattern, the context, the causative conditions, the main strategies, the interveners (mediating conditions) and the consequences of crisis management in the archives were identified. The results of this pattern include the sections of the causal conditions, strategies, intervening conditions and the field, as well as the outcome of them.The causal conditions are due to factors such as the lack of proper policies at the national level for post-crisis management, the lack of proper and up-to-date equipment to accelerate the rescue of materials and to combat fire, as well as the absence of organizations that do the act of freezing and falsifying records. Intervener conditions and areas is consisted of some issues such as the lack of a comprehensive crisis plan for the post-crisis phase in the archives, compliance with standards in the reconstruction of records by specialists, the use of disinfection and acidification methods to protect information resources against pests, use of the crisis map in the post-crisis phase and issues related to manpower. According to research findings, in archives, strategies such as modern resilience training, restoration of records, evaluation of building aftershocks, standardization of buildings and equipment, reconstruction and restoration of documents damaged by biological crises by installers, and coordinating with organizations for the restoration of records at the city and state level due to accelerated reconstruction of records should be used. Eventually, the aftermath of the crisis management process in Iran's archives will have the effect of eliminating the effects of crises and returning to the pre-crisis stage.

One of the main challenges in revenue making of the knowledge raised from academic researches is decision making about an appropriate business model for transferring it from academic world to real world. This research has been accomplished for designing public research institutes social business model. Due to the lack of local business models in this field, novelty and multi-dimensionality of the subject, and as an introductory research, Delphi method is used in this research for obtaining innovative ideas, in which its members has been chosen among business experts. Delphi process has been accomplished 3 times for reaching an agreement about main elements of the model. The extracted elements were weighted using Shanon Antropy method. Finally, the 10 main elements: awareness of new demands before research, proposed value, revenue flow, awareness of latest technological progress, business structure, business assessment, key resources, key activities, customer segmentation and feasibility study for business model has been extracted respectively. Two elements, awareness of new demands before research and awareness of latest technological progress were both proposed by panel members and other 8 elements were extracted from literature. Obtained results indicate that not all traditional business organisms are suitable for public bodies and considering some local elements based on panel experts ideas is necessary for designing public research institute social business model.

The main purpose of this research was to design a local model for crisis management in libraries of Iran. Recognition of causes, contexts, intervening factors, main strategies and main outcomes was auxiliary purposes. Grounded theory research method has been used for the implementation of purposes. Qualitative data has been collected by semi-structured interviews. Data saturation level was the main factor for continuing interviews and selecting samples. Research population consisted of crisis managers and Library directors in Iran. Data analyze performed by theoretical coding (open, axial and selective coding). In the axial coding, main category determined and in selective coding, final model presented. Causes, intervening conditions, contexts, main strategies, and main consequences of crisis management in libraries indicated in the model. The main contexts of crisis management in this model are “values”, “human resources and procedures” and “designs”. Causes were “Financial losses” resulting from past crises; “dissatisfaction of users of library services” and “distaste of staff”. Main strategies for crisis management are “attention to personality characteristics of applicants during recruitment”, “to increase skills and human relations”, “institutionalization of values (religious, moral and social values)”, “using proper budgeting strategies”, “Crisis prevention activities” and “standardization of library building”. Intervening factors consisted of “Management”, “economic”, “organizational”, “administrative” and “mechanisms of technology use” in libraries. Finally, consequence of crisis management process in libraries was “elimination or reduction of effects of crises” in libraries in Iran.Originality/Value: This research is the first step in investigating factors effecting the establishment of local crisis management system in libraries of Iran. Further investigations are needed to identify other categories and examine presented categories to verify them.

Aim of Research: The Problems and difficulties in science of sociology of Iran for converting to an usefulness and applicable requires that we describe and explain the causes and factors of inapplicability of this science in Iran. The efforts that has been done during past decades to recognize these causes and factors has been focused their basic fundamental attention to the inadaptability of achievements and findings of this science (that generally outside of social-historical conditions of Iran’s society and commonly has formatted based on realities and phenomenon’s of other societies) is out of social conditions of Iran. This view (opinion) believes that most important solution for overcoming the impracticality of sociology science in Iran is “localization” and by studying the realities and phenomenon’s of Iran and applying the epistemological، anthropological and ideological presumptions that exists in culture and civilization of Iranian society pas dealing with these social realities and phenomenon’s. Undoubtedly performed efforts and attempts that are acting (because that without the attention to suitable connection with institution of science) on structure of institution of sociology’s science will have unpleasant effects. So that، pathology of localization’s view in Iran based on sociology of science can shows us the defects and feeblenesses. Method of research: this research has done by qualitative-documental method (based on epistemic paradigm of gibbons) illustrates the suitable conditions for localization of science of sociology in Iran. Results of research: Prior to any action to localization of the sociology science in Iran، we should prepare the contexts of formation of indigenous (local) science in the social-cultural and political-economical of society and we should reject abstractly claiming the discourse of localization. Thus، in Iran to replying from science of sociology is not any requirement till that science can initiate the localization. Thus، up to the time that needs and demands of society would not be claimed، sociology cannot have any achievement and applicability of this science would not performed in Iran.

The common method of evaluating of sciences only takes into account the tangible utility of sciences. This method leads to constant appreciation of natural sciences and convicting humanities of inefficiency because natural sciences yield concrete results. In this article, this method is criticized. Using Pierre Bourdieu’s field theory, and adopting a normative approach, the autonomy of the field of science in general, and specifically sociology, is defended. Also included is Karl Popper’s three world theory, due to the prominence it gives to the formation of an objective augmentative sphere for science. In the end, a definition of science localization proposed by Reza Davari is presented. Any utility and efficacy of sociology relies upon the formation and autonomy of the field of sociology. The autonomy of sociology should not be interpreted as ignoring the profitability of sociology to society. The aim is to enable sociology to achieve the competency required by its responsibilities