جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « بدبینی » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

Understanding and analyzing negative behaviors sport teams could be useful in team management. The aim of this study is designing a model of cynicism in sports teams from social perspective. this research was conducted through qualitative research method with the fundamental-exploratory nature. Research data were collected through snowball sampling method and based on in-depth interviews composed of experts. According to grounded theory and Classic approach data were analyzed after coding. The results showed that cynicism in sports teams has three levels include: behavioral, emotional and cognitive. Causes and driver forces of creation cynicism in sports teams are behavioral, Structural and contextual. Consequences of cynicism in sports teams are individual and collective. In order to optimal management of sports teams there must well understand of cynicism in sports teams. Therefor must be taken to account causes and driver forces of creation cynicism in sports teams, cynicism and its consequences. Based on this understanding, key decisions are made and practices to be taken.

The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of occupational safety and political behaviors on organizational pessimism and Prestige in sports federations. The statistical population of the study was all staff of the selected federations. Sampling method was purposive sampling. The selection of federations was based on their medal potential in the Olympic and Asian Games, with 181 people selected as Morgan's table. It is worth noting that this research is descriptive and is a type of correlation study. Data were collected from four organizational pessimistic questionnaires (1998), Mill's and Asfour organization (1992), political behavior of Naghshbandi and Mirani (2018), Nissi et al (2000). The factual and content validity of the research tools was confirmed by a group of professors. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was also used for instrument reliability. SPSS and Smart-PLS software were used to analyze the data. The results showed that direct effect in the research model of the effect of political behaviors on organizational dignity, job security effect on organizational dignity and organizational pessimism was significant. However, the effect of political behaviors on organizational pessimism and the effect of organizational pessimism on organizational dignity is irrelevant, as well as the indirect effect of the research on the effect of political behaviors and job security through organizational pessimism on organizational dignity. It can be said that the managers will be more transparent with the staff and decrease their political behavior; as a result, the organizational prestige of the selected sports federations will be increased.

The present study was conducted to investigate burnout condition among Iranian sport journalists and to study the role of workload on job burnout. The method of this study was a descriptive survey which was carried out as a field. The study was conducted in the winter of 2018 among the population of sport journalists including writers, office staff, editors and sport photographers. Questionnaires were used to collect data: the general version of Maslach's Burnout Inventory (MBI-GS) and its two main subscales of emotional burnout and cynicism were used to measure the burnout of sport journalists. Also, Liu and Lu (2018) questionnaire was used to measure the workload of sport journalists. Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to measure the reliability of the questionnaires: for burnout questionnaire (0.85) and for workload questionnaire (0.89). In addition, the validity of the instruments used in the study was confirmed by 5 sport management professors. Finally, data were analyzed using the completed questionnaires (287 questionnaires) with SPSS version 22 and Lisrel 8.50. The results of the study showed that Iranian sport journalists had moderate burnout. Also, editors felt higher levels of burnout among journalists. Finally, workload had a positive and direct effect on emotional burnout, but this effect was not significant on cynicism.