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The purpose of this study was to assess the acute effect of warm-up protocols (general and post-activation potentiation) on vertical jump performance and jump-landing technique in female handball players with trunk dysfunction. Twelve trained female handball players with trunk dysfunction participated voluntarily in this study. Subjects randomly performed three different warm-up protocols on separate days: 1- general warm-up protocol, 2- general warm-up with 2 repetitions of dynamic half-squat at %90 of one repetition maximum, 3- general warm-up with 2 repetitions of static half-squat at %90 of one repetition maximum. In the fifth minutes of recovery period after 3 protocols, subjects performed vertical jump and the Landing Error Scoring System tests, and Landing Error Scoring System scores, valgus and flexion angles, and vertical jump height was assessed. ANOVA with repeated measures was used for statistical data analysis. The jump height increased significantly after performing the second and third protocols related to general warm-up (p=0.039, p=0.047 respectively), but there weren’t a significant difference in Landing Error Scoring System score, valgus and flexion angles for three protocols. It seems that the special warm-up method by post-activation potentiation can improve vertical jump performance without influencing Anterior cruciate ligament injury risk.

The shoulder complex as one of the most moving joints of the body frequently was used by overhead sports athletes. Thus, musculoskeletal screening such as assessment of the range of motion (ROM), and strength variables can be useful to injury prevention strategies and further the development of conditioning and rehabilitation programs. The purpose of this study is to compare selected variables and the ratio of ROM and strength in volleyball, handball, and badminton players. A total of 36 athletes with similar physical characteristics (volleyball: age=26.65±4.56 y, weight=91.07±7.91 kg, height=185.14±12.25 cm; handball: age=27.29±3.12 y, weight=90.11±6.38 kg, height=183.52±9.67 cm, and badminton: age=26.01±4.29 y, weight=87.85±4.59 kg, height=182.38±10.74 cm) were selected to participate in the current study. A Leighton flex meter and hand-held dynamometer were used respectively to measure the ratio of ROM and strength.The results showed that the mean ratio of external(ER) strength to internal (IR) strength and ER ROM to IR ROM were significantly different between the three groups. The post hoc test revealed that badminton athletes had significant differences in all of the measured variables to both volleyball and handball athletes. But there were no differences between volleyball and handball athletes.In conclusion, preseason screening is vital in achieving optimal values on these measures and may reduce future shoulder injuries in overhead athletes.

The present study aimed to investigate the scientific framework of the studies on the injuries of athletes performing ball games and offer a convenient conclusion and more comprehensive and better-classified information compared to previous studies.

The articles published by scientific databases, including Sport Discus, Scopus, Google Scholar, ScienceDirect, and PubMed, were searched. The searched keywords were sports injuries, volleyball, basketball, handball, soccer, and football.

The present systematic review investigated articles that fulfilled the entry criteria and studied the processes and rates of injuries in the athletes of ball games.Investigations showed that ankle injuries were the most prevalent ones in volleyball, basketball, and handball, while injuries in lower body parts, particularly knees, were commoner in football. It was shown that the majority of the reported injuries occurred during a match. Moreover, excessive training, inconvenient recovery, and rivals’ fouls were the most significant causes of injuries in the investigated sports.

The present study showed that there was a significant difference between the existing studies in terms of the manner of reporting the injuries of athletes in ball games, and this made it difficult to reach appropriate and practical conclusions. Thus, it seems necessary and important to harmonize the characteristics in future studies.

The purpose of this study was to identifying the factors of engaging, developing and retaining talent in Handball of IRAN Based on the grounded theory approach. this research was an exploratory research and a qualitative nature. the data gathered through documents and interview for 15 handball experts in deep-interview and semi-structured forms. the sample selected through subjective sampling and snowball approach and interviewing continued to get theoretical saturation. then, data analyzed by grounded theory in coding process included three steps: open, axial and selective coding. findings indicated the existence of 20 effective concepts was in the talent planning section that were categorized which in six components. in the talent developing section, 25 effective concepts in eight components and in the talent retaining section, 22 effective concepts were classified into seven components. based on results, this strategies; use qualified professionals and trainers, use of quality facilities and equipment, holding competitions and camps, systematic and scientific training of talents, media coverage, material and spiritual support for talented people can be helpful for government officials in talent management of Handball.

The present study was designed and conducted to investigate the role of controversy management on the moral climate in handball. The present research is applied in terms of the nature of the research; Research method, mixed (qualitative-quantitative), research strategy, data base with Glaser approach and data collection source includes: documentary study and interview. The statistical population in the qualitative section, all professors, experts and elites are experts in the field of sports management and in the quantitative section, coaches, players and handball referees. Sampling in the qualitative, purposeful section and in the form of snowballs to theoretical saturation 15 people was selected and in the quantitative section, 380 players, coaches and referees of the first level of handball in the country were selected. The interviews were coded through Max Kyoda software in three levels: open, central and theoretical. Based on the results, 499 open source codes were identified, which were divided into 72 central codes and 9 theoretical codes. Awareness, economic-welfare, managerial, individual, zoning, negative embezzlement, handball characteristics, role of media. The researcher-made questionnaire of controversy management with 36 items and 9 components was approved by experts after exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis. The structural equation model has sufficient fit. The results showed that controversy management and its components play an important role in the ethical atmosphere of handball coaches, players and referees. The theory of the present study was presented considering 9 categories. The results showed that controversy management has a positive effect on the moral climate.

Behavioral studies in team sports are typically constrained by dynamic factors, such as positioning of defenders for interception. Handball player have to coordinate their steps when running to throw a ball on goal from a different positions. In this study were analyzed the movement patterns during locomotors pointing, throwing velocity and accuracy of 12 succesful elite handball players under defensive constraints (defender- absent, defender-far, defender-near, or defender pairing). It was captured data from the locomotors patterns of the attacking participant by speed camera with 120Hz, throwing speed by sports radar gun and throwing accuracy by camera. ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test and Friedman test was used to analyze effects of these constraints on gait and throwing parameters. In addition to Pearson and Spearman correlation coefficient test was used to analyze speed-accuracy trade off (P<0.05). The results revealed significant differences in overall mean movement velocity, first and second step mean velocity, first and second step mean length. For the mean foot/gate area distance variability was shown pattern of ascending/descending variability in all defense conditions. Since regulation of offensive players was continuous and based on perception of current and required behaviors, results supported from perception-action coupling and prospective control models of locomotors pointing. Also it is suggested that the technical aspects of the running and throwing in handball can affect by nested tasks constraints.

The purpose of this study was to develop strategic themes for the development of Iranian handball.The research is strategic in terms of subject matter; it is applied in terms of purpose and it is descriptive in terms of method and its data collection is survey. The statistical population was the experts Using both theoretical and snowball sampling methods 30 individuals were considered as sampleA combination of qualitative and quantitative methods was used to collect and analyze data. The research tool was a researcher-made checklist, which was confirmed by experts on its face and content validity, interviews and strategic council meetings were used to collect information. Logical inductive method was used to analyze the required information in the quantitative section of the matrix of position assessment and strategic action and matrix in the qualitative section. The Iranian Handball Federation has five macro-general sports exercises in the community, the development of championship sport, the promotion of professional sports, the promotion and consolidation of the organizational status of handball in all provinces, deepening and strengthening the morale of chivalry and orality through handball exercise, while the strategy approach The sport of the Iranian Handball Federation was based on an assessment of strategic position and strategic matrix in an aggressive position. Therefore, the brand promotion of the Iranian Handball Federation was chosen to maintain the status quo in the competitive market as one of the market leaders as a priority strategy.

The purpose of this study was to making a model for attraction of sponsors in Iran’s handball championships. The research was a descriptive survey. The statistical population of this study consisted of experts (handball experts, heads of handball teams and handball senior athletes), sports marketing specialists, managers of super leagues former and women handball players, and experts in sales and marketing of existing sponsoring companies of the league and handball competitions in the country. The number of them was 206 and were selected as sample based on the number of items. The research instrument was a researcher-made questionnaire whose validity was confirmed by experts and its reliability was confirmed by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (α = 0.96). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test (K-S) was used for distributing data. The findings of the research indicate that five factors of economic, social, cultural, environmental, media and communication and management-structural, respectively, predicted the attraction of financial supporters in the sport of the handball championship in a meaningful and positive way. Thus, according to the co-efficient. The final model of the research was approved. Also, the results showed that the proposed model is fit for use and attracts sponsors. Accordingly, the management of the handball federation of the country needs to pay special attention to these five components and provide the necessary infrastructure in this federation, especially with regard to the conditions and economic system of the country, and it is imperative that as soon as possible, and looking for a competitive atmosphere.

Extreme and prolonged training may cause muscle and tissue damages along with inflammation. In this study, the acute effect of an intensive training session after 4 weeks of supplementation of Q10 on IL10, CRP and some functional factors in female handball players was investigated. 20 adolescent handball players of the Zobahan Cultural Sport Club were selected by purposive convenience sampling method and randomly divided into two groups of training-placebo and training-supplement (each group = 10 subjects). The students completed a 4-week protocol in handball training. At each stage of the intensive training, a formal handball match was conducted. The supplement group daily received 100 mg of Q10 supplement for 4 weeks. Blood samples were collected in 4 stages: 1-before the intensive training 2-immediately after the intensive training 3-after the end of the Q10 supplementation and immediately after the second intensive training 4- 24 hours after the second intensive training (5 cc of blood sample from the anterior vein). VO2 max was measured by the Shuttle Run test and the anaerobic power was measured by the Rast test. For data analysis, repeated measures test was used. The significance level was considered as P≤0.05. The results showed that Q10 supplementation and training did not make a significant difference in the levels of interleukin-10 and CRP in three stages of blood sampling between the two groups (P≥0.05). Also, there were no significant differences between the two groups in functional tests (20m run, Semo agility test and VO2max (P≥0.05). The results showed that an intensive training session and 4 weeks of Q10 supplementation did not have a significant effect on the level of IL-10 and CRP in elite female handball players, but they had a significant effect on the performance of the 20m test.

The current study aimed to investigate the relationship between the components of emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial organizational culture in employees of Sports Departments. The research method is applied descriptive-correlational in a field form. The statistical population consisted of all employees of the Handball Federation. One hundred forty-eight questionnaires were collected by random sampling method. The data were collected by emotional intelligence questionnaire and entrepreneurial attitude questionnaire. Structural equation modeling with PLS was used to analyze the data at the level of p <0.05. The results of this study showed that among the components of emotional intelligence, social skills, self-awareness, and self-regulation have the most relationship with entrepreneurial organizational culture, respectively. The results of this research also showed that components of emotional intelligence have a significant relationship with entrepreneurial organizational culture. According to the results, it can be concluded that the relationship between the components of emotional intelligence and entrepreneurial organizational culture reflects the organizational movement towards continuous development, coherence and innovation, more cooperation, communication, leadership and risk-taking and providing more favorable entrepreneurial designs.

The present study was conducted to investigate the role of shared leadership on team commitment of the Iranian professional handball players mediated by psychological empowerment. This research was a correlational study. Statistical population of this study included all professional male handball players in adult, youth, and adolescent categories, which were about 600 people according to obtained information. Using the Morgan table, 234 individuals were identified as the participants of the study through simple random sampling. Questionnaires on shared leadership, team commitment, and psychological empowerment were distributed among the participants, out of which, 211 questionnaires were completed and used. Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) with covariance-based approach was used to analyze the data obtained in the present research. Results of this study showed that, shared leadership had a direct and indirect significant effect on team commitment through psychological empowerment of the Iranian professional handball players. Therefore, results of the study indicated that, multipurpose leadership has an important role in development of psychological empowerment and team commitment among the Iranian professional handball players

The aim of this study was to develop the structural interpretive model of factors affecting brand identity of handball in Iran. It was an applied study in terms of objectives and a descriptive-analytical study conducted as a field. The statistical population consisted of experts in brand and sport management. 25 experts were selected as the sample by purposive sampling method. The required data were collected through a researcher-made questionnaire by an online survey. The face and content validity of the questionnaire was obtained through the experts. MATLAB software was used to analyze the data related to the structural interpretive model. The results showed that most of the indices were in the autonomous region based on the analysis of power of influence and dependency rate (MICMAC diagram). The results of factor ranking at eight levels showed that environment, economic, political, and social macro factors had the most power of influence and the indices of performance, communication and controllable factors had the highest coefficient of dependency. As well, the final model showed that the brand identity of handball in Iran is highly dependent on economic and political macro factors.

The aim of this study was to identify resource-efficient individual experiences handball national team athletes. This was a qualitative study and applied phenomenology as its methodology. The research community, athletes, field handball national team in 1393 (2014), which were selected purposefully and snowball method. Participants (8 men and 4 women) voluntarily participated in this study. For data collection, semi-structured interviews were used. Data were analyzed using themed analysis. The study was an attempt by the standards of credibility, reliability, and portability Verifiability is reliable. The findings obtained from the interviews, resource-efficient individual participants in 4 explanatory Code "sports experiences", "practical experience", "social experience", "mental experiments" were identified. The findings were similar to other theories and were complementary and special in some regards. Some findings were contradictory. This study of the subject individual efficiency to achieve more success in the international sports arena offers a handball Iran.

The main objective of this study was to evaluate the effect of two months of handball training on the creativity of students aged 7 to 8 years in Dezful.

Seventy volunteer students were randomly divided into two groups of thirty-five, and formed test and control groups. The experimental group was trained for handball for two months and the control group continued their daily activities. In a pre-test and post-test design, the creativity of both groups was measured using the Thinking Thinking Creativity in Practice and the Torrance Movement.

The results of the data analysis using T-test showed that the experimental group had significantly more creativity than the control group (P≤0.05). The findings of this study indicate that there is a significant difference between the mean of creativity indices among the students of the experimental group with the control group students. These findings suggest that the provision of activities such as handball in the research team has led to the development of indicators of creativity (fluidity-imagination).

It seems that the learning of handball in this age due to the interaction of the child with his colleagues and the ball has led to their creativity growth.

Behavioral studies in team sports is typically constrained by dynamic factors, such as positioning of defenders for interception. In this study were captured data from the movement velocity with high speed camera, throwing velocity with sports radar gun and throwing accuracy of 12 elite handball players under defensive constraints (defender- absent, defender-far, defender-near, and defender pairing). ANOVA with repeated measures and Bonferroni post hoc test was used to analyze effects of these constraints on gait and throwing parameters (P<0.05). The results revealed significant differences in overall mean horizontal velocity (F(1.335,14.682) = 8.680, P = 0.007 ) and mean ball velocity ( F(3,33) = 12.733, P = 0.000 ) but there was no significant differences in mean ball accuracy ( F(3,33) = 0.400 , P = 0.754 ). When defender was closer to the attacker, mean movement velocity and throwing velocity was shown more decrease. Since regulation of offensive players was continuous and based on perception of current and required behaviors, results supported from perception-action coupling and prospective control models. Also, findings suggest that the technical aspects of the running and throwing in handball can affect by nested tasks constraints.

The purpose of the present study was to compare the somatotype, body composition and physiological characteristics of Iranian national adolescent and junior elite male handball players according to their playing positions. Players were categorized as Wings (n=10), Backs (n=11) pivot (n=11), Centers (n=10) and Goalkeepers (n=8). Average age of the players was 17.0±2.3. The anthropometric features (using caliper and anthropometry Meter under ISAK standards) and physiological variables such as aerobic power (1 Mile Run), anaerobic power (Monark Wingate Testing Ergometer) and grip strength (Dynamometer) were evaluated. To compare these variables among the playing positions, one-way ANOAVA was used. The results showed that the wing players were the shortest with average height of 180.0±5.6 which was significantly different than other players (P≤0.05). Aerobic power was significantly different between wing players and pivot, pivot players and Centers, Centers and goalkeepers, goalkeepers and wing players (P≤0.05) (goalkeepers > pivots wings > Centers(. It appears that Iranian national adolescent and junior elite male handball players are in appropriate physical and physiological conditions. Considering the especial activites, physical and physiological requirements of each position, this study is useful for emerging team handball nations in improving as a reference in the detection or identification of players in different positions.

The purpose of the study was to investigate the barriers and restrictions of the handball development in Sabzevar and providing strategies development solutions. The research was a descriptive – survey study. The research tool was a researcher made questionnaire which was used after determining superficial and content validity and reliability(α= 0.95). Confirmatory factor analysis was used to confirm the tool validity. The research society were all the handball specialists and coaches in Sabzevar (220 persons). The statistical sample selection was purposive. Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to assess the normality of data distribution, as well as Welch test was used to determine a significant difference between the respondents’ views and Dunnett post hoc test was used to consider the respondents’ views. Confirmatory factor analysis test was used to prioritize the barriers. Lack of industry in Sabzevar and limitation in financial support from the industrial, weakness of the management in the Handball Association of Sabzevar, lack of experienced coaches and experts in Sabzevar, absence of a mechanism to encourage and appreciate the people and fans involved in handball in the city and lack of efficient use of available facilities were the most important barriers for handball development in Sabzevar.. Profiting of private sector, benefiting of competent, skillful and experienced staffs, protecting local sport publications and initiation of websites exclusively for handball and suitable utilization of sport facilities are some of the suggested strategies in current research which perhaps are keys for raising interest and revitalization of handball in Sabzevar.

peer leaderships on team identification and efficacy of handball players of Iran universities and higher education institutions. The population of this study consisted all players of teams who participated in the national handball tournament of universities and higher education institutions boy students (140 persons), that among them 107 persons selected by available sampling method. After determining validity and reliability, in order to data gathering use of leadership in sport (Chelladurai and Saleh, 1980), team identification (Fransen et al, 2015) and team efficacy (Feltz and Lirgg, 1998) questionnaires. Findings indicated that positive feedback style of peer leaders has a direct and significant effect on team efficacy of players and training style of them has a negative and significant effect on the team identification. Also, the team identification has a positive and significant on the team efficacy. Finally, peer leaders’ training style showed an indirect, significant and negative effect (mediated by team identification) on the team efficacy. According to the findings, suggested to the team's officials identify peer leaders within their teams and aware them of their behavior effective role in creating of team identification and efficacy among team members.

The main activities in handball and volleyball players occurs with upper limb, so the prevalence of injury in upper extremity is high than other organs. The purpose of this study was to identify the upper extremity injuries in handball and volleyball players in Iranian clubs and its relationship with some physical features.
80 subjects as handball (n=45, age 24.71±3.62 yr, height 186.58±5.67 cm and weight 86.66±9.81 kg) and volleyball players (n=35, age 25.71±4.57 yr, height 193.59±5.92 cm and weight 88.02±6.93 kg) were non-randomly participated in this study.A researcher-made questionnaire with 0.84 reliability was provided to determine the type of injuries.. anthropometrical parameters such as: height and Arm span, biacromial breadth (shoulder width), shoulder-elbow length, elbow-wrist length and carrying angle were measured by suitable divices. . After determining the normal distributionBy Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Spearman correlation coefficient was used to determine the relationship between variables and Significant level was set as p
The results showed a significant negative correlation between sprain injuries in upper extremity and the biacromial breadth in athletes (p=0.007), moreover, a significant positive correlation was found between upper extremity fractures, and weight (p=0.02), height (p=0.01), Arm Span (p=0.01), shoulder width (p=0.01), the top arm's length (p=0.01), the arm's length in non-dominant hand (p=0.01) and the forearm in non-dominant hand (p=0.04).
Some anthropometric parameters can be related with prevalence of upper extremity injuries in volleyball and handball players, so it can be considered as a one is important risk factor. Accordingly, giving consideration to athlete's preparation exercises on motor patterns, muscles and involved joints is among the most functional preventive strategies that can be useful to reduce sport injuries and promote championship life of elite athletes.