جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « فوتبال » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

Football as a popular sport is becoming a professional industry that must be considered in its various dimensions, talent search is the most important element of this exciting sport. Identifying and developing talent in football is a complex and multifaceted process, of which financial support and sociological indicators are of particular importance. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to investigate the role of sociological and economic factors in the development of football talent in Iran. The research method is descriptive and survey in terms of purpose. The statistical population included football coaches with Asian A and B coaching degrees who were 3786 people and 348 people were selected according to Cochran's formula. Data analysis was performed by confirmatory factor analysis using Amos software. According to the research results, among the sociological sub-indicators, "team spirit" in the amount of (0.486) and among the economic sub-indicators of "financial and material facilities" in the amount of (0.528) had the most impact on football talent identification. اند. In general, the sociological index of 0.44 and the economic index of 0.51 have an effect on football talent identification. The value of the explanation coefficient is estimated to be 0.315. In general, the development of football talent in Iran requires a multidimensional approach that is consistent with the culture and social structure, ie the need for team participation, respect and orderliness, which is one of the main characteristics of society, and on the other hand no development is possible without economic investment. is not.
 

Due to the importance of ethics in football spectators, the purpose of this study is to present a "model of ethical culture among Iranian Football Premier League spectators. This qualitative research has been done by Delphi method. The researcher has collected information by studying the texts and interviewing 43 football sports experts. Analysis of face-to-face and electronic interviews has enabled the researcher to understand concepts whose integration with each other has enabled a deeper understanding of why and how the ethical culture-oriented culture model among Iranian Premier League football spectators. Using Delphi analysis method, semi-structured interviews and questionnaires, finally after theoretical saturation, with extraction, classification, and researcher initiative with the help of supervisors and consultants, in the Delphi research and survey section, finally 124 component in 10 dimension social, economic, personal and psychological causes, media and television, legal factors and cultural policy, facilities, management factors, education, demographics and well -known sports people in order to improve the ethics-oriented culture were identified among the spectators of the Iranian football pro league. The most attention has been paid to the components in the dimensions of management, legislation and cultural policy making, education and facilities .it is necessary that sports experts and decision-makers, especially in the field of football, managers of sports organizations, club owners, as well as coaches, referees and football players, pay more attention to these dimensions.

The purpose of this study was to develop effective strategies for the development of fan culture in the Iranian Football Premier League. The research method was qualitative. In this study, the data reached theoretical saturation after 11 interviews with experts (professors of sports management, sports sociology and executives who were experts in this field). Based on thematic analysis, data were coded and analyzed. In a thematic analysis, the data from the interviews with the experts were coded into the research topic. Then, in two stages, the initial concepts were developed. In the first stage, 32 concepts were extracted from the interviews with the experts. These concepts were coded in the second stage for greater coherence and for better analysis and interpretation in the form of 22 more abstract concepts. In the next step, the concepts generated in the secondary coding process in the form of 8 main categories or themes (5 concepts for strategies including comprehensive cognition, application of indigenous patterns of culture, skills and learning, support and support and 3 concepts for effective outcomes called social, Cultural and behavioral consequences) were classified. These major categories (themes) in terms of being abstract are at a higher level than the concepts of the preceding stage. Based on the research results of club managers, the Football Federation, League Organization and Support Centers can consider the strategies resulting from the development of fan culture and the application of strategies as important factors affected by the development of fan culture, in improving the quality and dynamism of the league. They can take the first step in Iranian football and enjoy its benefits.

The present study was conducted with the aim of investigating the effect of fatigue on balance, proprioception and jump-landing performance in teenage soccer players with dynamic knee valgus defect. In order to carry out this study, 30 male soccer players were selected and divided into two control groups (Age: 15.46 ± 0.51 years, Height: 1.70 ± 0.05 m, Weight: 63.20 ± 4.84 kg, Body Mass Index: 21.79 ± 0.91 kg/m2, sports history: 6.00 ± 1.41 years) and experimental (Age: 15.26 ± 0.45 years, Height: 1.71 ± 0.04) m, Weight: 65.33 ± 4.71 kg, Body Mass Index: 22.22 ± 1.63 kg/m2, sports history: 6.66 ± 2.52 years). In this study, after selecting the subjects with valgus defect, knee dynamics were evaluated with the tuck jump test. Then, Stork and Y tests were used to evaluate static balance and dynamic balance, respectively. After evaluating the variables, the subjects were divided into two control and experimental groups, and the special soccer fatigue protocol (SOFT90) was applied to the experimental group. After applying fatigue, the groups were re-evaluated. The results of this study showed that fatigue has a significant effect on reducing static balance (P=0.001), different directions of dynamic balance and its total score (P≤0.01). Also, the results related to the comparison between groups showed that fatigue led to the difference in the investigated variable between the two groups (P≤0.01). The results of this study showed that fatigue was an important factor in reducing balance. Therefore, it seems that reducing knee dynamic valgus defect, improving motor performance pattern and improving fit in muscle strength and balance can lead to reducing the risk of injury in fatigue conditions.

The purpose of this study is to investigating the role of human resources in the Iran national under-23 football team’s failure to qualify for the Olympic Games. This research is qualitative-quantitative and it is an applied study that has been done in the field. The statistical population in the qualitative part were football and sport management experts. The statistical population in the quantitative section were formed by 150 current coaches, supervisors and managers of national football teams, and Iranian premier league teams in the adult and under-23 categories, as well as former coaches and supervisors of national teams in the adult and under-23 categories. The sampling method in the qualitative part was in the form of snowball until theoretical saturation was achieved. In the quantitative part, Convenience sampling method was used. The number of statistical samples was determined 108 people based on Morgan table. Semi-structured interviews and a researcher-made questionnaire were used to collect research information. In order to analyze data, descriptive statistics methods and Bartlett's Test of Sphericity, Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin Measure of Sampling Adequacy (KMO), exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and Friedman test were used. The results indicate that 23 cases in the form of 3 components including managers, coaches and staff, and players are involved in the failure of the Iran national under-23 football team to qualify for the Olympic games. It is recommended that the responsible organizations make the necessary efforts to remove the existing obstacles.

Iran-Japan Competition in Asian Nations Cup 2019. This match was selected for analysis due to the large number of television viewers, being in a particular time, the repeated failures in previous periods and the acceptable performance in the matches of this era. But the match ended with a 3-0 defeat for Iran.  The question was what strategies broadcasters used to report this event? And how did these strategies change after changing the outcome of the game?

This qualitative research was done with discourse analysis method. Analyzes were performed by using Van Dijk’s theoretical model (2004) in the framework of critical discourse analysis considering macro and micro levels

Analysis according to macro level of Van Dijk square represented that Emphasizing on the positive point about “self”. (representing Us positively (has the highest frequency among other properties. The frequency of macro and micro levels strategies also changes with the outcome of the game. Reporter also used micro strategies of “lexicalization”, “victimization” and “dramatization” and “consensus” in order to manage the minds of the audience.  

The ambition of the national TV has been to keep motivation and to overcome feeling failure and hopelessness and after an undesirable outcome, tries to modify and justify the situation.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effects of 12 weeks of football training using the Game Sense approach on heart rate, cardiovascular fitness, maximal oxygen consumption and perceived motor competence in inactive female students.

The statistical population of the study was physically inactive female students, 40 of whom had no experience of playing football and were physically healthy, with a mean age of (22.06±3). They were randomly divided into the desired groups (each group consisted of 20 people). The perceived motor competence questionnaire, the 540-metre running test, the McQueen's step test and the Polar heart rate monitor were used to collect information. The way the exercises were presented in the groups included technical exercises in the traditional group and changes in the playing field, the size of the playing field and the number of players in the game sense group. Multiple covariance analysis was used to analyze data.

The results of the tests showed that the exercises were effective and the subjects showed changes in cardiovascular fitness, maximal oxygen consumption, heart rate and perceived motor competence after the intervention compared to before. The effects of football training with traditional methods and game sense were also different and showed the confirmation of the positive role of teaching game sense at the level of p< 0.05 among the research indicators.

Coaches can design activities that help young female students to achieve an active lifestyle and positive changes in physiological health indicators by using the game sense approach.

Football players and their coaches are constantly thinking about improving the performance and quality of football for their fans. The purpose of this systematic review was to investigate the use and role of training tools and specialized exercises in enhancing the performance of football players and to review the results, analyses, and suggestions from various studies in the field of football biomechanics and performance enhancement.

Articles were searched through electronic sources in Persian specialized databases: Google Scholar, Magiran, Civilica, Irandoc, SID, ISC and in English databases: Science Direct, Google Scholar, PubMed, and Scopus. The keywords for the search included biomechanics, football, performance enhancement, and their synonyms, which were searched in both Persian and English.

After reviewing the entire text of the articles, a total of 87 articles were evaluated and studied in three areas, including the use of different training tools and exercises to improve performance, as well as the analysis and suggestions resulting from research in football biomechanics and performance improvement.

The findings showed that performance improvement in soccer players is achieved through the use of training tools and specific exercises. Plyometric exercises and theraband stretches improve proprioception and the strength of the ankle joint muscles in soccer players. An increase in technical skills is observed in small-sided games, leading to higher ball possession rates. The FIFA +11 program has a significant impact on the speed, dribbling speed, shot accuracy, agility, and vertical jump of soccer players.

Background& The aim of this study was to investigate the effect of Cognitive and Motivational Imagery on the learning of soccer shooting and pass skills. Subjects of this study consist of 48 masculine students of Shahid Beheshti University with age ranged 19-30 years who did not participate in organized soccer trainings. Participants were randomly assigned in 6 groups (cognitive imagery, motivational imagery and control in shoot as motor skill and pass as cognitive skill). Research protocol included pre-test; 15 acquisition sessions (3 days a week); acquisition test immediately after the last acquisition session; and retention and transfer tests, 72 hours after the acquisition test. For data analyzing, with regard to the effect of pretest scores on posttest scores, it was used one-way analysis of covariance Bonferroni post hoc test in acquisition, retention and transfer. Results indicated that in instep shooting skill, there was no significant difference between cognitive and motivational imagery, but in pass skill motivational imagery group was significantly better performance than other groups. Regarding these results, coaches and athletes are advised to use motivational or cognitive imagery in motor skills and motivational imagery in cognitive skills.

Considering that football, as a popular sport, is based on the supporter's axis, the importance of supporter's cultural competence has become an important issue despite the presence of multicultural environments. In order to understand it, the present study aims to analyze the lived experience of fans in football.Fan cultural competencies have become an important issue due to the fan-centric nature of football as a popular sport on the one hand and the importance of competencies in multicultural environments. To understand it, the present study intends to analyze the lived experience of fans in the sport of football. Accordingly, the purpose of phenomenological research is the lived experience of fans in football in the field of understanding the cultural competencies of fans.

The phenomenological research method is descriptive and based on the collage model. The research community was members of the Sepahan Isfahan Sports Fans Association and the club's cultural directors of these, 20 research samples were saturated. The purposive sampling method was standard dependent and inconsistent. The data collection tool was a semi-structured interview. The validity of the data was verified through external auditors, in-depth descriptions, return to interviewees, and two coders.

After implementing information and coding the data, the research findings were classified into three categories including cognitive, emotional and behavioral competencies. Cognitive competencies include advocacy literacy development, awareness gap control, avoidance of social and cultural bias, strengthening positive cultural memory and attitudes, and behavioral competencies including cultural self-efficacy, cultural monitoring, role modeling and social and cultural responsibility, and emotional competencies including emotional capital development, strengthens self-will, reproduces the culture of youth and strengthens women's culture.

The cultural competences of the fans will be one of the main prerequisites of sports with the breadth and cultural diversity resulting from multicultural environments. The growing trend of cultural and sports clubs' fan centers trying to turn ordinary people into professional fans increases the need to pay attention to these skills.There is a capacity of sports enthusiasts to accept the fan club as a value-added feature for the sports club. Paying attention to cultural competencies creates a competitive advantage for the clubs that develop the fan base.

Sports teams are of special economic importance to cities and countries because of the production and supply of private goods and provision of benefits offered by the characteristics of public goods.

In the present study, an attempt has been made to quantify the monetary value of some of the benefits provided by the national football team as a professional sports team in Iran. These values, which include consumption and non-consumption values, are estimated using the conditional valuation method (CVM). The present research is a descriptive-analytical method, which is applied in terms of purpose. The statistical population of this study was residents of Iran and the statistical sample size was measured by Mitchell and Carson table. Accordingly, a questionnaire was designed and by which the Iranian citizens’ willingness to pay for goods and benefits produced by the national football team was addressed and the factors affecting their willingness to pay for the national football team were identified. Spss and Excel software were also used for data analysis.

According to the research results, the Iranian citizens’ willingness to pay annually for the presence of the Iranian national football team in the Asian Cup was 18005 Tomans, 19418 Tomans for the national team to win the AFC Asian Cup, 21859 for participation in the World Cup qualifiers and 25050 Tomans for championship in the World Cup. Moreover, the average willingness to pay to buy tickets to watch matches in the stadium is 13338 Tomans and the average willingness to pay to watch them on TV is 5838 Tomans.

Iranian citizens’ willingness to pay shows that the presence of the Iranian national football team in the highest competitive levels of the country's sports has a positive effect on their desirability and well-being so that people are even willing to support their favorite team financially.

The present study aimed to investigate the scientific results of the studies on the strategies and exercises applicable to knee abnormalities, provide a convenient conclusion, and offer more comprehensive information so that researchers may have easier access to the related literature.

Several databases, including ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Scopus, Sport Discus, and PubMed, were searched from 1980 to 2022. The implemented keywords included knee injury, knee dislocation, anterior cruciate ligament injuries, medial collateral ligament, and return to sport.

After applying the entry and exclusion criteria, a total of 534 articles were investigated, out of which the systematic reviews, the repeated ones, and the articles that could not fulfill the entry criteria of the study were eliminated, and, finally, 33 studies were selected. The findings showed that the highest rate of injuries occurred in football (38%) , basketball (13%) , and volleyball (15%) , respectively. Moreover, ACL was the most prevalent injury (around 64%) to ligaments, while injuries to MCL ranked second.

The present study showed that the majority of knee injuries involved injuries to knee ligaments and typically took place due to running or jumping on rigid surfaces or experiencing severe blows. It was hard to conveniently summate the reports and make practical conclusions according to them due to their varying methods of reporting. Thus, future studies are recommended to homogenize the characteristics.

One of the reliable methods to identify athletes at risk of injury is the functional movement screen test (FMS). Therefore, the purpose of the current research is to review sources to investigate the effect of various interventions on FMS test scores in football players. The search was conducted in databases: PubMed, Magiran, ISI, IranDoc, Scopus, and Google Scholar. Studies including any effective intervention on the scores of the FMS test in football players according to the PRISMA checklist between 2017 and 2022 and by combining the keywords "Functional Movement Screen", "Intervention", "Training", and "Football/Soccer" players" were obtained. The quality of the included studies was assessed by the PEDro scale. A total of 50 articles were found, and after applying the inclusion and exclusion criteria, 9 studies that investigated the effect of training protocols on the scores of the FMS test in soccer players were examined. Corrective exercises (1 study), FIFA +11 injury prevention exercises (5 studies), functional training (2 studies) and sport-specific training (1 study) were among the most important interventions that worked were taken. Except for 3 studies, all studies reported a significant increase in FMS test scores following the implementation of exercise interventions. The use of targeted training interventions to improve sport-specific movement patterns and FMS tests to identify athletes at risk of injury are recommended to athletic trainers.

This research is based on cognitive theory with the aim of identifying the antecedents affecting the behavioral intentions of fans of Iran's premier football leagueThe statistical population of the research was all the fans of football clubs in the Premier League of Iran. The sample size was obtained using Cochran's formula including 384 people and finally 410 questionnaires were statistically analyzed. The questionnaire consisted of two parts: the first part was conducted with the aim of investigating the demographic characteristics of football fans such as age, gender and education level. The second part focused on fans' evaluation of skill performance, environment, and congeniality, passion of other consumers, consumer-to-consumer interaction, and behavioral intentions. To measure the research variables, Ko et al. skill performance questionnaire (2011) with three questions, Fu et al.'s Self-congruence questionnaire (2017) with four items, Ku et al. Ambience questionnaire (2011) with three items, Other consumers&rsquo; passion Chen and colleagues (2013) with three items, Consumer to consumer Interaction Kim et al. (2018) with three items and Jang and Namkung (2009) behavioral intentions with three items were used. The final model of the research using partial least squares technique and SmartP software. L. S was validated. The results of the hypothesis test showed that environmental factors, skill factors, interaction with other fans, enthusiasm of other fans and homophobia had the greatest effect on fans' behavioral intentions, respectively. Therefore, knowledge of the mentioned factors provides necessary conditions for managers and organizers of sports competitions for better management of fans.

issues in all societies today and it has affected so many people. Football is one of the most popular and high-contact sports which especially focuses on the ethics and behavior of the players. The first step in resolving this issue is to find the factors that affect the immorality of football players. This study has conducted to study the factors affecting the immorality of Premier League football players.

Materials and Procedures: 

In this study, a qualitative research method based on data foundation theory of Strauss-Corbin model was used. The statistical population of this study is consisted of physical education professors, football coaches and physical education students and using purposeful sampling method, semi-structured interviews with 18 professors and experts continued until theoretical saturation was achieved. In order to ensure the validity of the instrument from the opinions of experts and to ensure the reliability of the data, the non-participating elite review method was used.

After three stages of open, axial and selective coding, the results of data analysis around the paradigm model, six general categories were extracted that control the most important factors which cause the immorality in football players. These factors are: managerial factors, individual and psychological factors, political factors, economic factors, cultural and social factors and convenience factors.

According to the research findings, it was concluded that internal and external factors are among the most important factors affecting the immorality process of football players.

The purpose of this research was development and psychometric evaluation of the football stadium atmosphere scale with the marketing approach.

The research was conducted in three sections. In the first section to identify the most important factors that shape the stadium atmosphere, a three-stage Delphi survey was conducted which in the first stage, semi-structured interviews with experts were done and in the next stages, a questionnaire was used and finally after the last review, 80 items were specified. In the second section, 80 items specified in the previous study, formed a questionnaire and after confirmation of its validation by experts it was distributed among spectators in two matches. To reduce variables, exploratory factor analysis was used and finally, 15 factors with 54 items were specified. In the third section, obtained questionnaires from the previous step, based on cluster sampling were distributed among Iranian Primer league spectators. Collected data was evaluated by confirmatory factor analysis in the partial least square method to confirm the main factors and to evaluate structural validation.

Based on the result of this test, 8 main affective factors on football stadium atmosphere in Iran were specified which include of sports club's Last performance, perceived respect, stadium, event, facility, organizer, stadium architecture and designing, and spectator’s behavior.

The scale designed in this research can be used in future research and help marketers and football clubs attract and retain their customers.

The aim of the present study was to analyze video injuries of football players in the 2022 World Cup. For this purpose, the video footage of all the World Cup games (62 matches) was examined by the researcher and the rate of injury prevalence, the mechanism of injury occurrence, the type of collision leading to injury, the time of injury occurrence and the injured area were recorded in the injury report form. According to the results, 127 injuries occurred during 62 matches or 55.96 injuries per 1000 hours of matches. The highest rate of injury happened in the last 15 minutes of the second half (75-90)(21.3%) (P<0.05).Collision was the most common mechanism causing injury (23.6 percent) (P<0.05) and the highest amount of damage occurred in the lower limbs of the players (55.1 percent) and the ankle was injured more than other parts of their body (19.7 percent) (P<0.05).Also, most injuries were caused by collisions (38.9 percent)(P<0.05). The rate of injury in these games was higher than the previous World Cup games. This can be caused by the difference in the definition of injury, the different game system, the difference in the duration and type of preparation and bodybuilding exercises, and the different methods of collecting information. Also, knowing the time of injury and the type of collision leading to injury, the main mechanisms causing injury and the most vulnerable organs during a football match is effective in designing injury prevention programs and helps players, coaches and the medical team.

Crisis is known as an extraordinary disorder in standard operations that threatens the safety and success of an organization. Before the crisis, there is an opportunity to prevent some serious damages by predicting and managing possible crises. The gap of conscious prediction of crises in professional football of Iran is clear. Therefore, the current study set to propose a model of conscious crisis prediction for professional football of Iran.

A qualitative study was conducted, selecting a constructivist approach of the Grounded Theory strategy. Exploratory-fundamental data were collected using targeted, snowball sampling technique based on in-depth semi-structured interviews with 19 experts of sports management familiar with sports crisis.

Theoretical saturation of open codes is the beginning of centralized coding. Afterwards, the primary axes were identified, i.e. after transcribing about 197 sentences of the interviews and excluding duplicates, 121 primary concepts and categories were obtained in the initial coding, and then 31 centralized codes were obtained; finally, the main categories were presented in seven central codes.

The root of all possible crises likely to occur in Iran's professional football must be determined. Afterward, the pathology of crises should be indicated, taking into account that today's world is full of different uncertainties, abundant complexities, ambiguities, and uncontrollable fluctuations. Then, conscious prediction should be applied to design different scenarios associated with every crisis.

The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of HMB-FA supplementation on inflammatory parameters during a two-race microcycle in Soccer players.

A total of 24 Soccer players (mean age: 23±30 years) were randomly divided into two groups supplement (n = 12) and placebo (n = 12). Subjects in the supplement group and the placebo group participated in a weekly microcycle with two races per week. Subjects in the supplement-training group consumed three grams of HMB-FA daily during a weekly soccer cycle. Serum levels of inflammatory markers of interleukin-1 beta, interleukin-6 and reactive protein-C in seven stages (before supplementation, before the first race, after the first race, 24 hours after the first race, before the second race, after from the second race, 24 hours after the second race) were evaluated. For data analysis, repeated measures test and paired t-test and SPSS software version 25 were used. Significance level was considered α = 0.05.

The results of the present study showed that training and two Soccer matches increased all inflammatory indices (for all, P≤0.05).

Consumption of HMB-FA supplement reduces inflammatory factors during a two-match Soccer microcycle, which shows the ability of this supplement to control the inflammatory status of Soccer players in inflammatory conditions caused by two matches per week.