جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه "instructional self" در نشریات گروه "تربیت بدنی"

The present study aimed to investigating the effect of the frequency of instructional and motivational self-talk on motor performance in dart throwing skill. A number of 38 non-athlete male students volunteered to participate in the study. The subjects were assigned into either an instructional or motivational self-talk groups with one and three repetitions based on pre-test scores. To analyze the data, we use a 2 Group (instructional and motivational) ×3 Test Condition (pretest, one and three repetitions) ANOVA with repeated measures on the last factor. The results showed that instructional and motivational self-talk with one repetition exerted a significant effect on dart throwing performance. However, instructional and motivational self-talk with three repetitions significantly deteriorated dart throwing. In other words, repetitions of self-talk had a negative effect on dart throwing performance.

The aim of the present study was to investigate the effect of different methods of self-talk (motivational, instructional, and combined) on acquisition and learning of a motor perceptional task (dart) and physical efficacy in female students aged between 13 and 18. 48 female students (mean age 15.46 yr) who were novice at dart throwing voluntarily participated in this study. Participants were divided into 4 groups including motivational self-talk, instructional self-talk, motivational-instructional self-talk and physical practice (12 students in each group) following an initial instructional session and pretest. The intervention included 10 sessions of acquisition, 2 sessions of retention test and one session of transfer test. One-way ANOVA and ANOVA with repeated measures were used to analyze data. Results showed that combined (motivational-instructional) and the instructional self-talk groups improved dart throwing performance in acquisition, immediate and delayed retention sessions in 13-18-year-old students compared with the motivational self-talk and physical exercise groups. Instructional self-talk group showed the best performance in transfer test while the other three groups showed almost similar performances. The results also showed that different interventions had no significant effects on physical self-efficacy of the participants.

Self-talk as “an internal dialogue, through which the individual interprets feelings and perceptions, regulates and changes evaluations and convictions, and gives him/her instructions and reinforcement”. The purpose of the present study was to compare the effect of two types of instructional and motivational self-talk on the pattern of coordination and accuracy of basketball free throw to specify the effect of each types of the self-talks on of basketball free throw skill necessities (patterns of coordination and accuracy). Using available sampling method, 20 male basketball players with the mean age of 23.5±5.5 were selected who had at least 5 years of practice in basketball and were playing in one of the credible leagues of the country. In this study the basketball free throw skill was evaluated through two sessions with the time interval of 24 hours in two phases with and without self-talk (instructional and motivational). The data of the motion pattern and the accuracy of basketball free throw were recorded in both phases of the test, and the kinematic data was used to compute the throw hand elbow-wrist No-RMS in order to investigate the coordination pattern. In statistical analysis, the data was analyzed using descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, tables and figures) and inferential statistics (the analysis of variance with repeated measure and dependent t test). The results of throw accuracy showed that solely the use of instructional self-talk leaded to a significant enhancement of the basketball free throw accuracy (t(9): 4.388, p: 0/002). Moreover, there was a significant difference between the effect of instructional self-talk and motivational self-talk in favor of instructional self-talk (2: 0.444, F(1,18): 14.364, p:0.001). Exploring the results of coordination pattern revealed that instructional selftalk leads to a significant (t(9): .048, p(1,18): 2.288) decline in elbow-wrist No-RMS and consequently an improvement in elbow-wrist interalimb coordination in performing the basketball free throws. The results indicated that the usage of instructional selftalk are benefical in improving the skills that require motiom coordination and accuracy of performance and it is superior to the use af motivational self-talk in this regard.

The aim of this study was investigating the role of feedback to successful and unsuccessful trials in focus of internal and external attention on performance and learning long badminton service. 44 female students were volunteered with a mean age of 16/1±./76 as sample for this study. After performing the test subjects were randomly divided into four experimental groups. All groups did during 6 acquisition phases according to the planning instructions long service badminton task. Before performing service group’s focus of internal attention repeated through self-talk “the pull back” phrase and group’s focus of external attention, “target” word. The subjects received knowledge of performance feedback after every 3 trails tailored to with their groups, after successful or unsuccessful trials. 48 hours after the acquisition phase was performed retention and transfer tests. Data were analyzed using Factorial Repeated Measures ANOVA in the acquisition phase and two-way analysis of variance (p≤ 0.05) in the retention and transfer tests. The results showed that the progression was significant during the acquisition phase, the interaction effect the focus of attention with the type of feedback both the acquisition phase and retention and transfer tests. So that, in internal focus of attention condition, the group of feedback to unsuccessful trails and in the external focus of attention conditions, the group of feedback to successful trails had better learn. it is suggested that during the teaching motor skills and the use of feedback to successful and unsuccessful trails, the focus of attention is also to be considered.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of attentional focus types as the instructional self-talk form on acquisition and retention of basketball chest pass in the novice adolescent boys. 59 volunteered participants (13. 4± 0. 57yr) were randomly divided into three groups (control، internal attentional focus، external attentional focus). After pretest، five sessions of the basketball chest pass practice were taken for all groups. Post test were conducted after last session of practice and retention test was also conducted after two weeks of practice. Data were analyzed by one way ANOVA، Repeated measure ANOVA and Bonferoni Post Hoc test. The results showed that the differences between all groups during pretest and retention test were significant. Although the differences between experimental groups were not significant. On the other hand، the difference between experimental and control groups were significant. Therefore، the instructional self-talk is caused to improve the acquisition and retention of this skill in primary stage of learning، but probably the manipulating of attentional focus types is not effective.