جستجوی مقالات مرتبط با کلیدواژه « competition » در نشریات گروه « تربیت بدنی »

The purpose of this study was to determine comarison of winning and losing effect on early maladaptive schemas of female and female athletes of different disciplines. The present study is a descriptive-analytical (post-trait) research method. The statistical population of this study is all female athletes from team disciplines (basketball and handball) and individual (athletics and karate) who participated in the championship of the province (East Azarbaijan) and country in 2019. According to the statistics, the number of these people was estimated at 3,200 athletes. The statistical sample of this study, based on the sample size table, was Krjatsy and Morgan (1970), the sample size was 346 people. The current research tool was Yang Schema Questionnaire (2003). Data were analyzed using independent t-test. All data analysis was performed by SPSS software version 20. The results showed that athletes in a win group had significantly lower range of early maladaptive schemas. Team athletes had significantly higher early maladaptive schemas.

Sports has taken up a significant part of the daily plans and activities of people, especially the new generation, and everyone, in turn, has duties to maintain their physical and mental health. With the boom of professional sports, sports ethics has gained special importance and necessity in international arenas. This article seeks to determine the main motivation of sports by providing a definition of it and stating some verses of the Qur'an and traditions of the Ahl al-Bayt (peace be upon them) and also outline the benefits and conditions of an athlete's success and moral principles. Finally, the characteristics of sports and provide ideal sportsmanship.

Objective:

 The purpose of the present study was to evaluate the scientific framework of studies related to karate injuries and to provide a comprehensive review of the previous studies.

Methods:

The search for articles was performed in specialized databases and articles were selected based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria.

Results:

 The study showed that most injuries in karate occur in the head and neck. Most of these injuries are contusions and bruises. It was also found that most of the reported injuries occurred during practice, but these injuries are generally mild. The study also showed that the full-contact of kicks and punches, opponent’s technical foul and long training are the most important causes of injuries in karate.

Conclusion:

 The study showed that most injuries in karate occur in the head and neck. Most of these injuries are contusions and bruises. It was also found that most of the reported injuries occurred during practice, but these injuries are generally mild. The study also showed that the full-contact of kicks and punchs, opponent’s technical foul and long training are the most important causes of injuries in karate.

Today, in sports management, which is not so stable, it can be pointed out that more than ever before, organizations have a basic need for innovation to have a sustainable competitive advantage, and innovation capacity is one of the main characteristics among organizations that lead to advantage. Their competitiveness is known. The knowledge that companies identify is a dynamic resource that requires feeding, support and careful management, and if knowledge is not managed in a principled way, it cannot be the basis of development, and for the management of this intangible asset, much attention has been paid to itself during the past decades. drew so that the implementation of an effective strategy of knowledge management and becoming a knowledge-based organization is a necessary condition for the success of organizations in the era known as the era of knowledge-based economy. The application of entrepreneurship goes far beyond creating jobs and creating employment. In recent years, articles and researches appeared to establish a relationship between knowledge management and innovation and innovation and entrepreneurship. But few studies have dealt with the relationship between knowledge management and sports entrepreneurship in sports organizations. Therefore, in this research, we seek to identify the influencing factors on the development of sports management and its functions in sports organizations. The research method in this research is based on the objectives of applied research and is descriptive and analytical in nature.

This research aimed to identify and prioritize the strategies of sports production companies in the direction of economic development of sports using AHP-TOPSIS integration method (case study: Jame Jam Sports Company). The research method was survey. In order to identify the strategies of Jame Jam Sports Company, the theoretical saturation method and identifying the experts of the studied company by snowball method were used to identify the strategies. In order to analyze the research data, AHP and TOPSIS methods were used SUPER DECISION software and BT TopSis SoLver software. According to the results of the research, it was found that the most important strategies of Jame Jam Sports Company included the strategy of merging with other companies, the strategy of vertical integration upwards and the strategy of heterogeneous diversity. Therefore, the company needs to integrate with other companies in order to create a stronger structure through the development and improvement of its capabilities.

The purpose of this research is to investigate customer dependency and constructivist innovation considering the moderating role of organizational culture among sports information manufacturers in Tehran metropolis. All assumptions are confirmed. The present study is a descriptive-survey based on the purpose of the study. The statistical population of this study includes sport information producers in Tehran, which has a total population of 480 sports information producers in this study. The random cluster sampling method is simple. The sample size is based on Morgan's table and Cochran's formula with a 0.05 error of 213 people. Reliability and validity of the research questionnaire has been confirmed. The software used in this research is smart pls. Findings indicate that customer dependency has a negative relationship with constructive innovation, and also increasing the orientation of performance and increasing competition leads to increased constructive innovation. On the other hand, a stronger performance orientation will strengthen the negative relationship between customer affiliation and constructivist innovation, and stronger competition reduces the negative relationship between customer dependency and constructive innovation.

Organizational conflict is a fundamental and pervasive part of our organizational life. Organizations generally fail in competitive environments if there is less conflict. Managers can use Conflict to increase the effectiveness of the organization. The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between management information system (MIS) deployment with conflict management styles in educational and executive sport managers of Tehran municipality. This research was applied in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of method. The Statistical population in this research included all senior educational and executive sport managers in Tehran municipality’s sport units, including the chief, deputy chief, and managers of the various departments. Due to the limited size of the population study, 220 people were selected as the statistical sample. Data collection tools were Robbins Conflict Management Style Questionnaire (1991) and Akbari Management Information System (MIS) Questionnaire (2011). SPSS-23 and Smart PLS-2.0 softwares were used for statistical analysis. The results showed that there is a significant relationship between the deployment of MIS and conflict management styles such as competition, avoidance, forgiveness, reconciliation, and cooperation in educational and executive sport managers. Also, economic, environmental, educational, structural, cultural factors were identified as suitable predictors for determining conflict management styles in sports education and executive managers. investigate the relationship between information system deployment and conflict management styles among educational and executive sport managers of Tehran municipality will make optimum use of this information system and will lead to a growing trend of managerial decisions.

The study is to investigate the effect of eight sessions of stress inoculation training on reducing anxiety before the competition in adolescent boys. The research method was semi experimental with pretest-posttest design with experimental and control groups. The statistical population of the study consisted of all adolescents from 19 to 14 years old O Sport’s athletes in the city of Shahrood in 2018. Based on the number of registered in the survey, 63 were present. Athletes were evaluated by Competitive Situation Anxiety (Martens et al., 1995) and 30 subjects with the highest anxiety were randomly divided into experimental and control groups (inoculation). The data were analyzed by independent t-test and dependent t-test. Experimental group was subjected to an independent variable (stress inoculation training) over a period of 8 weeks, during 8 sessions, 1.5 hours, and then tested with competitive anxiety scale-Martens et al. (1995). Validity and reliability of the Persian version of the revised questionnaire was taken by Mehrsfar et al. (2016). The results showed that stress inoculation training effect on reducing anxiety before the competition (P> 0.05). It seems that inoculation training can be effective in reducing anxiety by controlling the physiological arousal of the person in raising performance, especially during the competition.

Nowadays achieving financial and supportive resources is one of the main concerns of sport boards, which necessitates a proper attitude in marketing sphere. The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the attitude of sport boards' managers towards sports marketing as a preface to carry out operational activities.  The statistical population consisted of all board of directors of sport boards of Markazi province as well as managers and authorities who worked at Markazi Sports administration and other offices in the city. The total number of the population were considered as the sample and 104 researcher-made questionnaires were analyzed. The questionnaire contained 47 questions. The questionnaire’s reliability was calculated using Cronbach's alpha (0.94) and its validity was confirmed by university professors and experts. To analyze data, descriptive and inferential statistics (Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, one-sample t-test, Friedman, exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations) were utilized using the 22nd version of SPSS and SmartPLS software. The results identified eight factors that were named in accordance with the nature of the research as follow: performance assessment, pricing, competitiveness, having a plan and a goal, human resources, attitude towards market (environment), marketing strategy, customer oriention. The results showed that the mean obtained in all factors was above average. The overall measurement results of the model, such as the Goodness of Fit Index (GFI), indicated that the proposed model was appropriate. It is recommended that Sports boards’ members pay special attention to these factors.

The purpose of this study was to predict competition result of judo players base on emotional intelligence and its subscales. To get this research done, a 70 person sample from Population of judo players of national leagues in 90-91 season were selected (age = 22.0 ± 3.36 year, judo experience 8.4 ± 2.33 year). The instrument which used in this research was emotional intelligence questionnaire of “Bar-on” that was completed by athletes prior to the competition. Then, the competition result of each athlete was recorded in the questionnaire by the researcher. To analysis the data, descriptive Statistics, independent t_test and logistic regression were used. The results indicate that there is a significant relationship between emotional intelligence and its subscales with the result of competition and also emotional intelligence including three of its subscales that is: emotional self-awareness, realization, and impulse-control, might be proper predictors of competition result in athletes. Therefore improving and developing of these subscales can be effective in increasing success chance in the athletes.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of demographic characteristics on the level of sport infrastructures and sport participation of Ahvaz citizens using the HLM model. This study has been implemented through applied field method. The first statistical so ciety included all purpose sports halls, swimming pools and grass - grounds that belong to the Department of Youth and Sports in Ahvaz and the government departments included 99 cases. The second statistical society included all individuals who use the sport facilities which is 66135 persons. The statistical sample of first and second, by using Morgan table, respectively, n1 = 86 as a sporting venues and n2=384 as persons were selected. The tool for collecting Data is researcher - made questionnaire in which three sections, their demographic characteristics, criteria and standards for sport and sports participation (α =0/87) was adjusted. For analyzing data and testing hypotheses from descriptive statistics and inferential statistical regression model with random coefficients and random effects model ANOVA was used in HLM6 software. The results showed that between the proximity criteria and location, access, hygiene and maintenance and aesthetic of sports and citizens sports participation, there is a meaningful relationship. Also Increasing sports infrastructures at the macro level and education and income at the micro-level will increase their participation. It was found that errors at the micro-level and macro level are respectively 1.181 and 0.951 which turns out that changes in the level of sport participation in level one is more than level two.

The purpose of this study Affective factors analyze in hosting sport major events of Urmia city based on Porter's model of competitive advantage. Research Method was descriptive-correlation. The population for this study consists of students and graduates in physical education. Among these patients, 208 were selected as the sampling method. The research instrument consisted of a questionnaire (Cronbach's alpha coefficient of 0.87) with 38 questions is evaluated about the factors that influence in competitive advantage of Urmia in hosting sport events. In this research, snowball sampling method was used. For analyze of Data were used from the test exploratory factor analysis (rotated Varimax ). All data were analyzed with using spss software at a significance level of p ≤ 0.05. The results of factor analysis showed that 78.08 % of total variance explained by the factors extracted as follows : hardware and sources of support (23.25 %) , political - communication factors (20.24 %) , software index (16.78 %) , Core resources and attractions (9.56 %) , social factors (8.25%). Each of these factors according to the important, weakness and strength than competing cities require investment, planning, and management and attention.

This study aimed at examining the relationship between anxiety of coaches and anxiety of elite wrestlers in Kermanshah province. In this correlational survey, the statistical population included elite wrestlers (N=250) in addition to coaches (N=20). 152 subjects were selected as the sample by Krejcie and Morgan table. Sport Competition Anxiety Test (SCAT) was used to collect data. The validity of this questionnaire was approved by some sport management professors and the reliability was calculated by Cronbach's alpha coefficient (r= 0.86). Descriptive and inferential statistical methods (t test and Pearson correlation coefficient) were used to analyze the data. The results showed a significant relationship between anxiety of coaches and anxiety of wrestlers (α=0.5). Hence, competitive anxiety had a deep and effective relationship with performing motor skills in competition conditions. Therefore, coaches should be aware of needs, intentions, physical and psychological factors of themselves and their athletes and pay attention to competitive anxiety of athletes before and during the competitions in order to gain optimum results.

Introduction and One of the critical factors involved in competitive sports is the role of referees that in their decisions stressors play major role. The purpose of this study was to investigate the changes in fibrinogen, hormonal and immune parameters of soccer referees in response to competitive stress.14 national referees with a mean age 28.7±4.76 years, height 179.6±7.39 cm, weight 75±9.94 kg and BMI 23.17+1.92 (kg/m2) were chosen as subjects. Two Blood sample was taken in resting phase and immediately after a match of Iranian football league. The rate of fibrinogen, cortisol, testosterone, leukocytes, lymphocytes, neutrophils and monocytes were measured. Dependent t-test was used for analysis of data. Findings indicated a significant increase in fibrinogen levels (P=0.004), cortical (P=0.008) and blood lymphocytes (P=0.04) after a football match than the rest phase. As a conclusion, competitive stress had significant effect on rate of fibrinogen and cortisol of plasma, and soccer referees as like as other athletes have been influenced by stress. Thus, it is important to know factors that are involved in physiological, emotional, and psychological changes.

The aim of this research was to study those motivations underlying computer sport games in the youth. This study used a survey and cross – sectional method. The population consisted of 302 students of Yazd University. The data were collected by the revised scale of computer sport games. Results of the empirical test of the scale distributed among the participants in computer sport games showed that the items formed a reliability higher than 0.75. Pearson correlation test demonstrated a relationship between variables (entertainment, social interaction, being interesting, cognitive application, identification, competition and escape from monotony) and participation in computer sport games (0.268). The stepwise regression findings revealed that entertainment (R=0.404, R2=0.163, R2(ad)=0.16, F=58.529, P=0.001, estimation error=1.077 and coefficient of variation R=0.163 in the first place and social interaction (R=9.454, R2=0.206, R2(ad)=0.201, F=16.169, P=0.001, estimation error=1.050 and coefficient of variation R=0.043 in the second place were the dominant variables of computer sport games. These two components accounted for 20.1% of the variance of the computer sport games. The stepwise regression analysis showed that entertainment (B=0.367, p<0.001) and social interaction (B=0.210, P<0.05) could explain a part of variable variance. But the computer sport games variables could not explain much of the variance of the variables under study. Therefore, other variables should receive more attention.

Today, the increasing complexity of organizations and differences in thinking, opinions and individual beliefs has made conflict the inevitable part of organizational life. Regarding this, the aim of the present study is to investigate the relationship between perceived conflict and conflict management styles among the managers and personnel of West Azerbaijan Province Sport and Adolescent Organization. It is a survey research that involves the descriptive and correlational study of a two-group statistical population selected, respectively, from Sport and Adolescent Organization and several sport groups of West Azerbaijan Province; the first group included 50managers and heads and the second one included 150 personnel and trainers. The data were collected by Dubrin (1985) and Afzal Rahim (1983) questionnaires and were analyzed using Pearson’s correlation coefficient and significance testing. The results of independent t-test showed a significant difference between the conflict perceived by the managers and personnel; that is, the average conflict perceived by the managers is significantly higher than that perceived by the personnel. Additionally, the other findings of the research indicated that there is a significant difference between the compromise and conflict management styles of the managers and those of the personnel; namely on average, the compromise and accommodation among the personnel is higher compared to the managers. However, there was no significant difference in competition, collaboration and avoidance styles of the mangers and the personnel. Also, the results of Pearson’s correlation coefficient showed a significant and positive relationship between the conflict perceived with collaboration, avoidance and compromise styles in both groups. Nevertheless, the relationship between the conflict perceived with competition and accommodation styles was not significant.

The purpose of this research was to investigate the responses of some factors related to overtraining to a period of preparation and competition in Elite volleyball players. Subjects were 12 elite volleyball players participating in Super League (experimental group) (age 25.8±6.5, height 191.0±8.2, weight 88.2± 8.2) and 12 healthy sedentary subjects (age 23.7±3.7, height 180.2±7.7, weight 74.6± 12.1) as control group. The experimental group performed preparation training including endurance, weight lifting and skill training, for eight weeks, as well as another 8 weeks of training including a period of volleyball competitions and routine trainings for sustaining the fitness; while the control group had no regular physical training. For measuring all hormones (ACTH, testosterone, cortisol, T/C) and peak power, all subjects attended the physiology lab and blood samples (8 ml) were taken pre-training, after 8 weeks of training and at the end of the competition period. The results revealed that ACTH, Testosterone, Cortisol, T/C had no significant differences in the three measuring points in volleyball players (p>0.05). In addition, there was no significant difference in all the above variables between two groups. Peak power values at the mid-training were significantly different from the pre- training values in experimental group (p<0.05), while the increase at the end training stage were not significantly different. Based on the findings of the present study it could be concluded that during the period of preparation training and competitions in Iranian super league the markers of overtraining were not significantly changed which is an indicator of appropriate training protocol, proper recovery and adaption to training and competition.

The purpose of this study was to investigate some of the hematological factors during preparation and competition periods in elite volleyball players.

Twelve elite volleyball players participating in Super League (experimental group) (age 25.8±6.5, height 191.0±8.2, weight 88.2± 8.2) and 12 healthy sedentary subjects (age 23.7±3.7, height 180.2±7.7, weight 74.6± 12.1) (control group) participated in the study. The experimental group performed a preparation training program including physical fitness, motor fitness and skill training for eight weeks, as well as another 8 weeks of training including a period of volleyball competitions and routine trainings for maintaining fitness; while the control group had no regular physical training. For measuring all hematological variables (PLT, MCV, MCHC, MCH, HB, HCT, RBC, WBC, MON %) subjects attended the physiology lab and three blood samples (6 ml) were taken pre-training, after 8 weeks of training and at the end of competition period.

Data analysis revealed that RBC, HCT, HB, MCV, MCH, WBC, MON%, and PLT values were not significantly different in the three measuring points in experimental group. In addition, there were no significant differences in all of the above variables between the two groups. MCHC values at the end of training were significantly different from the pre- and mid training periods in experimental group.

Based on the findings of the present study it could be concluded that a period of preparation training as well as a training period and competitions in Iranian super league has no effect on resting levels of hematological parameters (Blood cells count).

Motivation is one of the psychological traits that affects on the athlete’s performance in sport competitions and has considerable role on identifying and developing talented players. However, there are limited studies about the effects of internal and external factors on competitive motivation in professional soccer players. The purpose of this research was to study the effect of age and the playing positions on the competition-specific motivation in male professional soccer players.

59 soccer players of youth U-19, U-23 and senior national teams, who were selected purposively, completed the Willis’ sports attitude inventory. The data were analyzed by 3 (age) × 4 (position) MANOVA.

The statistical analyses indicated a significant main effect for age (p<0.01), but not for playing position and interaction between age and position (p>0.01). According to the results of post hoc tests, players of senior national team were more motivated to avoid failure than youth U-19 national team players (p<0.01).

These results may serve as a criterion for identifying talents and planning psychological interventions.